Mk:^^ 


t 


LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

University  of  California. 

Received         Q^J^-l^^yK,         >  '^9^- 
Accession  No./yJla,^,      .    Clas~s  No. 


^mm 


ECONOMIC  CONDITIONS 


MANORS  OF  RAMSEY  ABBEY, 


A  DISSERTATION 


PRESENTED  TO  THE  FACULTY  OF  BRVN  MAWR  COLLEGE  FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF 
DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 

BY 

NELLIE   NEILSON,  A.M. 

"1898 


Copyrighted,  1899,  by 
N.   NEILSON 

7  7  366    W-^'-?: 


^ 


u 


PRESS  OF 

^Jtoimran  &  Co.,  iptnladtlphta. 


PREFACE. 


The  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to  give  a  full  and  connected  state- 
ment of  some  of  the  agrarian  and  economic  conditions  existing  on 
a  certain  group  of  English  manors  during  a  limited  period.  In 
order  to  illustrate  the  conditions  described  in  the  text  a  number 
of  documents  have  been  printed  in  the  appendix.  It  is  realized 
that  by  further  access  to  the  manuscripts  some  difficult  passages 
in  these  documents  might  have  been  explained. 

I  wish  to  express  my  gratitude  to  Prof.  Maitland,  Mr,  J.  H. 
Round,  and  Mr.  Hubert  Hall  for  their  generous  assistance  to  me  in 
England,  and  to  acknowledge  my  great  obligation  to  Prof  Andrews 
of  Bryn  Mawr  College,  under  whose  direction  my  work  has  been 
conducted,  for  his  unfailing  help  and  encouragement.  I  am  also 
indebted  to  Prof.  Andrews  for  reading  the  proof  sheets. 
Philadelphia,  May,  1899. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Introductory,    7 

CHAPTEK      I.     General  Description  op  Eamsey  and  the  Manors,  8 
CHAPTEK    II.     Economic   Conditions  in  the    Twelfth  and    Thir- 
teenth Centuries,     22 

CHAPTEE  in.     Administration  op  Wistowe, 63 


CONTENTS  OF  APPENDIX. 


COMPOTUS  EOLLS   OP   WiSTOWE, 1 

Eental  OP  Wistowe, 104 

CoMPOTUS  EOLL   OF   BaNLIEU, 117 

List  of  Saints'  Days, 119 

Index, 121 


OF  TUB 

U-NIVXRSITY 
ECONOMIC  CONDITIONS 

ON  THE 

Manors  of  Ramsey  Abbey. 


Some  questions  are  still  unanswered  in  the  economic  history  of 
England  during  the  centuries  after  the  Conquest  that  will  require 
for  their  final  solution  a  very  wide  and  intimate  knowledge  of  the 
conditions  and  developments  of  life  under  the  manorial  system. 
Although  such  knowledge,  in  its  completeness,  will  be  gained  only 
after  a  thorough  study  has  been  made  of  much  material  at  present 
superficially  known,  yet  investigations  for  the  determination  of 
minor  issues  and  the  statement  of  conditions  upon  even  small 
groups  of  manors  should  add  somewhat  to  the  exact  knowledge  of 
manorial  organization  and  aid  in  the  ultimate  fuller  understanding 
of  some  of  the  economic  problems  of  the  period. 

For  a  limited  investigation  of  this  kind,  and  the  special  study  of 
the  generally  conservative  economic  conditions  upon  church  lands, 
the  manors  of  Ramsey  Abbey  afi'ord  an  excellent  opportunity,  be- 
cause the  material  relating  to  Ramsey  covers  a  long  period  and  is 
unusually  abundant  and  interesting.  Although  much  of  this  mate- 
rial has  been  printed,  chiefly  in  the  Ramsey  Chartulary^  and 
Chronicle,'  a  larger  part  is  still  in  manuscript,  preserved  in  the 
Public  Record  Oflice  and  British  Museum.  Since  no  study  of 
Ramsey  can  be  complete  until  all  this  material  has  been  examined, 
the  present  paper,  being  based  upon  a  small  proportion  only  of  the 
unprinted  documents,  in  addition  to  the  printed  material,  has  been 
limited :  first,  to  a  description  of  the  life  on  the  more  important 
Ramsey  manors  in  the  thirteenth  century  and  a  comparison  with 
this  of  the  life  in  the  twelfth  century ;  and,  secondly,  to  a  more 
detailed  consideration  of  the  organization  and  administration,  at  a 
somewhat  later  period,  of  one,  probably  typical,  Ramsey  manor  as 

1  Cartularium  Monasterii  de  Kameseia,  published  in  three  vohimes  in  the  Kolls 
Series. 

^  The  Chronicle  of  the  Abbey  of  Eamsey,  in  the  Rolls  Series. 


8  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

exhibited  in  the  account  rolls  of  that  manor.*  Furtlierraore,  in 
order  to  facilitate  a  full  understanding  of  the  economic  conditions 
of  the  manors,  an  introductory  account  is  given  of  Ramsey  abbey, 
and  of  the  situation  and  extent  of  the  Ramsey  manors  and  their 
relations  to  the  abbot. 


CHAPTER   I. 

A  General  Description  op  Ramsey  and  the  Manors. 

The  history  of  Ramsey  Abbey  will  be  best  obtained  from  the 
Chronicle  of  Ramsey  and  from  Dugdale's  Monasticon.  For  the 
present  purpose  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  Ramsey  was  founded 
probably^  in  the  reign  of  Edgar,  and  continued  generally  pros- 
perous until  its  dissolution  in  1539. 

The  monastery  was  built  upon  the  island  of  Ramsey  in  Hirst- 
ingston  Hundred,  Huntingdonshire,  near  the  southern  boundary  of 
the  great  fens.  The  island  was  small,  two  miles  long  by  less  than 
two  broad,  and,  like  other  islands  of  the  fens,  very  fertile.  Upon 
it  were  all  the  buildings  of  the  monastery  and  the  vineyards  and 
orchards  of  the  monks.  At  the  abbey  gate  grew  up  in  the  course 
of  time  the  village  of  Ramsey  and  the  village  church.  To  the  west, 
where  the  fen  was  narrowest,  the  monks  connected  the  island  with 
the  mainland  by  a  causeway  of  stone  and  wood.^  North  and  east 
the  fens  extended  for  many  miles,  broken  only  by  occasional  islands 
of  which  Ely  was  the  largest,  and  by  the  meres  of  Whittlesea,  Ben- 
wick,  Ugg,  and  Brik.  Little  attempt  was  made  in  early  times  to 
drain  this  fen  land.  A  few  dikes,  traces  of  which  still  remain,  were 
built  through  the  district  by  the  Romans,*  Cardike,  the  most  im- 
portant, extending  from  Lincoln  to  Peterborough,  and  perhaps  even 

^  A  number  of  the  account  or  compotus  rolls  of  the  manor  of  Wistowe  in  Ilunt- 
,,  ingdonshire  are  printed  in  the  appendix. 

Il  *  The  authority  for  Blomefield's  statement  (History  of  Norfolk,   i.    195)  that 

Ramsey  was  one  of  the  monasteries  destroyed  by  the  Danes  in  870  is  Matt.  Paris, 
Chron.  Maj.,  i.  392.     Matt.   Paris  in  turn  follows  the  Register  of  Abbot  Cnrteys 
(see  Appendix  to  Antiq.  Sancti  Edmundi   Burj^i,  Battely).     Probably  the  date 
given  in  the  foundation  charter  (R.  C,  ii.  51)  is  the  correct  one. 
'-  *  See  Chronicle  of  Ramsey. 

*  Wells,  History  of  the  Draining  of  the  Bedford  Level.  Skertchley,  Geology 
of  the  Fen  Land.  (Memoirs  of  the  Geological  Survey. ) 


GENERAL    DESCRIPTION    OF    RAMSEY.  9 

farther  south  to  Ramsey.  In  the  east  there  were,  dikes  near  Wis- 
beach,  of  wliich  Poclike  was  the  most  important,  and  numerous 
embankments  along  the  coast.  Tradition  ascribes  to  Cnut  the 
Cnut's  Dike,  or  Kingsdelph,  between  Peterborough  and  Ramsey. 
The  Monk's  Lode,  extending  out  into  the  fens  from  Sawtrey,  was 
built  by  the  monks  of  Sawtrey  in  the  twelfth  century  as  a  channel 
along  which  to  bring  in  stone  for  their  monastery.  Until,  however, 
the  formation  of  the  Bedford  Level  Company  the  fens  remained 
practically  untouched.  Proximity  to  the  fens  gave  to  the  monas- 
teries of  the  district  a  certain  local  colour.  Each  house  had,  for  ex- 
ample, important  fen  fisheries,  those  of  Ramsey  being  valued  in 
Domesday  Book  at  £10.'  Again,  the  villeins  of  neighbouring  villages 
were  required,  as  part  of  their  regular  services,  to  cut  in  the  fen 
thorns  and  rods  for  enclosures,  estovers,  and  a  kind  of  reed  excel- 
lent for  thatching.  The  rights  of  common  pasture  for  their  cattle 
upon  the  coarse  grass  growing  in  the  drier  places  were  unfailing 
subjects  for  dispute  among  the  monasteries. 

South  of  Ramsey,  where  firmer  land  began,  almost  all  the  vills 
were  held  by  the  abbey.  The  only  interruptions  to  Ramsey  lands 
north  of  the  Ouse  were  the  royal  forest  of  Sapley,  the  Ely  soke  of 
Somersham,  including  the  five  manors  of  Somersham,  Pidley,  Fen- 
ton,  Earith,  and  Bluntisham,  and  the  royal  borough  of  Huntingdon. 
The  group  of  Ramsey  manors  extending  south  of  the  Ouse  to  in- 
clude the  Hemingfords,  was  the  largest  and  most  concentrated  held 
by  the  abbey;  it  included  Bury,  Wistowe,  Upwood,  two  Raveleys, 
Warboys,  Broughton,  Ripton,  Slepe,  where  the  fair  of  S.  Ives  was 
held,  Holywell,  Houghton  and  Witton,two  Hemingfords,  and  parts 
of  Stukeley  and  Sawtrey.  Except  in  the  cases  of  the  two  last 
named,  in  which  at  the  time  of  Domesday  Book  manors  were  held 
by  Eustace  and  by  that  Judith  tlirough  the  marriage  of  whose  daugh- 
ter Matilda  the  earldom  of  Huntingdon  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  kings  of  Scotland,  the  vills  in  this  group  were  held  intact  by 
the  abbot,  the  vill  and  manor  being  in  every  case  coterminous. 
Other  Ramsey  manors  were  scattered  through  the  counties  of  Hunt- 
ingdon, Cambridge,  Northampton,  Bedford,  Lincoln,  and  Norfolk, 
the  abbot  holding  also  one  manor  in  Suffolk  and  one  in  Hertford- 
shire.    These  outlying  manors  were  in  some  cases  coterminous  with 

'  D.  B.,  i.  205.  "In  Witelesmare  habet  abbas  de  Ramesy  i  navem  et  abbas  de 
burg  i  navem  et  abbas  de  Torny  ii  naves.  ...  In  Hontedunescire  piscarise  et 
marae  abbatis  de  Ramesy  preciantur  x  lib.  abbatis  de  Torny  Ix  sol.  abbatis  deBurg 
iiii  lib." 


10 


ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 


the  vill ;  often,  Ijowever,  other  lords  held  manors  in  the  same  vill, 
the  strips  of  the  tenants  lying  intermixed  in  the  open  fields.  Of 
the  numerous  Ramsey  manors  in  Cambridgeshire  only  two,  Gravele 
and  Cnapwell,  rated  each  at  five  hides,  included  the  whole  vill. 
The  following  table  has  been  made  from  Domesday  Book  of  the 
vills  at  that  time  held  entirely  or  in  part  by  the  abbot,  together 
with  the  amount  of  his  holding  and  the  holding  of  other  lords 
where  such  existed : 


County. 

Hundred. 

Vill. 

Tenant. 

Tenement. 

Huntingdon 

Hirstingstoni 

Bluntisham 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

J^hide 
6%  hides 

Bishop  of  Ely 

Stivecle^ 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

Eustace 

Judith 

7  hides 

1  virgate 
3  hides 

Riptune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

10  hides 

Broctune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
his  sokemen 

4  hides 

5  hides 

Wistov 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

9  hides 

Upehude 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

10  hides 

Haliewelle 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

9  hides 

Slepe 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

20  hides 

Hoctune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

7  hides 

Witune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

7  hides 

Wardebusc 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

10  hides 

Toselund 

Ghellinge 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Alberic  de  Ver 

5  hides 
5  hides 

Emingeforde 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
by  Radulf 
Eustace 
Alberic  de  Ver 

18  hides 
Ihide 
4  hides 
11  hides 

~ 

Radulf 

Ihide 

Alia  Eminge- 

Abbot of  Ramsey 

5  hides 

forde 

Upeforde 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Arnulf  Hesding 
by  monks  of  Cluny 
Judith 
Eustace 

4  hides 

10  hides 
3  hides 
3  hides 

Dellinctune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

6  hides 

Delestun 

Redinges 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

1  hide 

(Leystonestane) 

A  bbot  of  Ramsey 
William  Engayne 
Eustace 

7  hides 
i%  hides 
4%  hides 

Bierne 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

4  hides 

Breninctune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

4  hides 

Westune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Eustace 

10  hides 

1  hide  (soke  iu  Acu- 
mesberie) 

Elintune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

10  hides 

Normaucros 

Saltrede 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Eustace 
Judith 
Taini  Regis 

7%  hides  }4  virgate 
3  hides  3}i  virgates 
10  hides 
]/,  carucate 

Adelintune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

10  hides 

Lodintuiie 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

iVo  hides 

Cambridge 

Stov 

Bron 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Alan 

1  hide 

4  hides  1  virgate 

(Biune) 

Picot  de  Grentebrige 
Peter  de  Valongies 

1 

13  hides 

1  hide  3  virgates 

1  For  the  ungelded  demesne  lands  in  Hirstingston  Hundred  see  D.  B.,  i.  203,  and  Mr.  Round 
in  Domesday  Studies,  i.  96. 

2  The  Domesday  spelling  of  the  names  of  vills  has  been  retained. 


GENERAL    DESCRIPTION    OF    RAMSEY. 


11 


County. 

Hundred. 

ViLL. 

Tenant. 

Tenement. 

Cambridge 

Stov 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Alan 

2  hides 

134  virgates 
334  virgates 

Harduin  de  Scalers 

Papeword 

Gravele 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

5  hides 

Elesworde 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Gislebert  de  Gand 
Harduin  de  Scalers 

9  hides  1  virgate  5  acres 
34  hide  less  5  acres 

1  virgate 

Chenepewelle 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

5  hides 

Boehesworde 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

Alan 

Robert  Gernoun 

Gislebert  de  Gand 

Harduin  de  Scalers 

34  hide 

1  hide 

334  hides 

1  hide  1  virgate 

43^  hides 

Draitune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

Terra  Regis 

Alani 

Alan 

Gislebert  de  Gand 

Picot  de  Grentebrige 

3  virgates 
3^  hide 
3  hides 
43^  hides 
3  hides  1  virgate 
1  hide 

Cure 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Harduin  de  Scalers 
Picot  de  Grentebrige 
Judith 

10  hides  3  virgates 
2  hides  1  virgate 
34  hide 
J^hide 

Staplehov 

Burwelle 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

Cetriz 

Alan 

Alan 

Harduin 

10  hides  1  virgate 

Khide 

2}i  hides 

1  hide  1  virgate 

X  hide 

Norestov 

G  re  tune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

8  iiides  23^  virgates 
234  hides  >^  virgate 

Count  Moriton 

Picot  de  Grentebrige 

3  hides  3  virgates 

Two  hundreds  of 

Cetriz 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

3  hides  less  3^  virgate 

Ely 

Abbot  of  Ely 

2  hides  3^  virgate 

Wisbech 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Abbot  of  Crowland 
William  de  Warenne 
Abbot  of  Ely 

8  fishers  " 
3  fishers 
6  fishers 
2  fishers 

Hertford 

Odesei 

Furreuuelde 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

10  hides  1  virgate 

Suffolli 

Fabentga 

Lawesselam 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

8  carucates  with  soke 

Bedford 

Radeburnsoca 

Cranfelle 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

10  hides 

Flichtham 

Bertone 

Abbot  of  liamsey 

11  hides 

Pechesdene 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

10  hides 

Hereford 

Wiboldestune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Eudo  Dapifer 
Hugo  de  Belcamp 
Ricardus,  son  of  Gisle- 
bert 
The  wife  of   Radulf 

Taillebois 
Nigel  de  Albingi 

13^  virgates 
6  hides  3  virgates 
3^  virgate 

2  hides  34  virgate 

53^  virgates 
9  hides  1  virgate 

Bicheleswade 

Hereford 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Osbern,  son  of  Walter 

5  hides 
3  hides 

01  i  stone 

Clistone 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Bishop  of  Lincoln 
Eudo,  son  of  Hubert 
Nigel  de  Albingi 
Judith 

1  hide 

3  hides  y,  virgate 
63^  hides 

2  hides 
1  hide 

Sethlindone 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

10  hides 

Holewelle 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Abbot  of  Westminster 

334  hides 
6K  hides 
3^1iide 

Standon 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

Wife  of  Radulf  Taille- 

bois 

234  hides 

Northamp- 

ton 

Northampton 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

1  house 

Wilibroc 

Hala 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

13^  virgates 

Luditune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

34  hide 

Adelintune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

3^  hide 
1%  hides 

S.  Peter  of  Burg 

1  Not  mentioned  in  Inquis.  Com.  Cant. ;  the  manor  is  assessed  at  10  hides.    There  is  another 
Drayton  in  Chesterton  Hundred. 


12 


ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 


County. 

Hundred. 

VILL. 

Tenant. 

Tenement. 

Northamp- 

ton 

Pochebroc 

Hemintone 

Abbot  of  Ramsey- 

2^  hides 

Hochelav 

Bernewell  et 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

6  hides 

Dodintune 

King 

6  hides  1  virgate 

Wimerlev 

Wicetone 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

3  hides 

Brachefeld 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

Judith 
Judith 

1  house  belonging  to 
Wicetone     with     5 
acres 

Soke  of  %  acre 

3  virgates 

Liucoln 

Bishop  of  Bayeux 

3  virgates 

Cominctune 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

1  car.  6  bov. 

Bishop  of  Lincoln 

9  car.  23^  bov. 

Cranwelle 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
Gislebert  de  Gaud 

3^  car.  prati 
13'4  car. 

Trichingham 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

Gislebert  de  Gand 

Colswain 

Bishop  of  Durham 

Odo 

Vliuet 

%car. 

1  car. 

14  bov.  and  fraction 

5  bov.  and  fraction 

10  bov.  and  fraction 

5  bov.  and  fraction 

Norfolk 

Clachelosei 

Hidlingheia 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
William  de  Warenne 
Invas.  Hermeri 

2  car. 

22  acres 
6  acres 

Winebotsham 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 
William  de  Warenne 
Invas.  Hermeri 

2  car. 

IJ^  car. 

7  freemen  in  W.  and 
Stowe.  Hermer  had 
commendation  and 
half  soke. 

Snora 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

3^  car. 

Derham    "1 

Phorham  y  . 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

A  small  holding 

Utevelle  J 

Fredeburga 

Walsoca 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

1  car.  1  fishery 

Dochiiiga 

Broncestra 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

3,  (10  ?)  car. 

Smethdune 

Rinetede 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

2  car. 

Brodecros 

Bruneham 

Abbot  of  Ramsey 

A       small       holding 
through  Roger  Bigod 

The  few  changes  in  the  general  extent  of  Ramsey  lands  tliat  oc- 
curred after  Domesday  Book  may  be  observed  by  comparing  with 
Domesday  Book  the  lists  of  manors  given  in  the  Chartulaiy.^  In 
the  time  of  Abbot  Walter,  after  the  occupation  of  the  monastery  by 
Geoffrey  de  Mandeville,  the  greatest  number  of  alienations  was 
made,  but  even  at  this  time  the  total  amount  of  land  that  changed 
hands  was  not  great.  More  important  changes  were  the  result  of 
the  "  fission  of  vills."  Two  Raveleys,  berewics  of  Wistowe  and 
Upwood,  became  distinguished.  Caldecote  was  coupled  with  War- 
boys,  and  Wenyngton,  a  neighbouring  hamlet,  with  Ripton.  The 
Hemingford  and  Alia  Hemingford,  not  always  clearly  distinguished 
in  Domesday  Book,  became  Hemingford  Abbot's  and  Hemingford 
Gre}^  tlie  latter,  a  knight's  fee,  taking  its  name  from  Reginald  Gre}', 
who  held  it  of  the  Count  of  Oxford,  who  lield  it  of  the  abbot.     Two 


^  The  abbot  had  the  soke  of  the  hundred  and  half  of  Clachelose. 
^  iii.  208. 


GENERAL    DESCRIPTION    OF    RAMSEY.  13 

Giddings  (Redinges  ?)  are  probably  already  separated  in  Domesday 
Book.  The  three  Sawtreys,  Sawtrey  le  Moygne,  Monks'  Sawtrey 
and  Judith's  Sawtrey,  and  Great  and  Little  Stukeley  became  more 
clearly  defined.  Only  one  Ripton  appears  in  Domesday  Book. 
King's  Ripton,  a  manor  in  ancient  demesne,  was  afterwards  held  at 
farm  by  the  abbot  for  £8  a  year.^  The  abbot  held  also,  from  the 
time  of  Henry  II.,  the  hundred  of  Hirstingston  at  farm  for  four 
silver  marcs.^ 

The  exact  amount  of  land  under  cultivation  in  Ramsey  manors 
in  the  thirteenth  century  cannot  be  determined  because  the  hida- 
tion  of  the  manors,  given  in  the  extents,  represents  a  fiscal  assess- 
ment not  always  to  be  reduced  to  areal  terms.  The  confusion  be- 
tween the  fiscal  and  areal  hides  is  recognized  in  the  extents,  and 
various  expedients  are  used  to  reconcile  the  two  systems.  The 
manor  of  Barton,^  for  example,  was  rated  to  the  king  at  10  hides, 
to  the  abbot  at  lis  hides,  the  abbot's  assessment  agreeing  more 
nearly  with  Domesday  Book.  In  Cranfield,*on  the  other  hand,  the 
king's  assessment  of  10  hides  agrees  with  the  Domesday  assessment, 
but  the  manor  answered  to  the  abbot  for  Hi  hides.  The  abbot,  being 
nearer  to  the  land,  would  perhaps  make  an  assessment  more  nearly 
in  accordance  with  the  actual  conditions.  Usually,  however,  the 
number  of  virgates  to  the  hide  or  acres  to  the  virgate  was  increased 
or  decreased  until  the  territorial  and  fiscal  hides  agreed.  Although, 
therefore,  the  average  number  of  acres  to  the  hide  for  all  Ramsey 
manors  was  very  little  over  120,  yet  the  variation  in  individual  cases 
was  very  great.  In  Therfield  64  acres  made  a  virgate,*  in  I^awshall 
50  acres,  but  in  Ripton  only  151  acres  and  in  Shitlingdon  only  12 
acres.  In  Shitlingdon  the  hide,  containing  four  virgates,  that  is,  48 
acres,  was  unusually  small.  In  Barnwell,  Remington,  and  Gravele 
seven  virgates  were  required  to  make  the  hide,  in  Lawshall  only 
three  virgates.     Hides  on  the  same  manor  sometimes  differed.     In 

1  ii.  82  ;  i.  273.  »  ii.  84. 

'  i.  475  :  "  Villata  de  Barthona  defendit  versus  regem  pro  decern  liydis,  et  ver- 
sus abbatem  pro  undecim  hydis  et  dimidia  et  dimidia  virgata  prseter  crofterium  et 
cotlandiam." 

*  ii.  4  :  "In  Craunfeld  sunt  undecim  hydse,  una  virgata  et  dimidia,  et  una  cot- 
landa,  quae  continet  tertiam  partem  unius  virgatie,  praeter  dominicum  curiae,  quod 
non  scitur  quantum  contineat.  Sic  coniputatur  quantum  ad  abbatem.  Tota  etiam 
villata  cum  dominico  computatur,  quantum  ad  Eegem,  pro  decern  hydis."  See 
also  iii.  219,  314. 

^  For  figures  see  Table  of  Hidation,  iii.  208. 


14  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

Shitlingdon,  where  four  ^drgates  usually  made  a  hide,  one-half  hide 
of  four  virgates  occurred.^  In  Gravele'  seven  virgates  of  unknown 
acreage  made  a  free  hide,  64  virgates,  of  20  acres  each,  a  hide  in 
villenage.  A  virgate  in  Barton'  contained  at  most  28  acres,  at  least 
23  acres.  Brancester*  was  rated  at  10  hides,  hut  it  was  not  known 
how  many  virgates  made  a  hide  there  nor  how  many  acres  a  virgate. 
Even  if  the  expedients  of  the  compilers  of  the  extents  could  be 
trusted  to  remove  the  discrepancy  between  the  fiscal  and  areal  hides, 
it  would  still  be  impossible  to  reckon  the  extent  of  the  vill  since 
not  all  the  land  was  necessarily  included  in  the  fiscal  assessment. 
Privileged  tenements  on  most  manors  were  put,  or,  if  assart  land, 
allowed  to  remain,  unhided  (extra  hidam)  in  order  to  escape  the 
payment  of  hidage.  A  virgate  in  Broughton,  for  example,  ceased 
to  pay  hidage  when  fraudulently  put  extra  hidam  by  the  farmer  of 
the  vill,°  and  from  Domesday  Book®  it  appears  that  all  demesne 
lands  in  Hirstingston  hundred  were  exempt  from  the  payment. 
Manors  such  as  Hulme  and  Ringsted,  that  were  not  hided,  or  in 
which  land  was  held  usually  in  acre  lots,  as  in  Brancester  and  Chat- 
teris, paid  no  hidage.''  The  only  exception  to  the  rule  that  non- 
hided  land  paid  no  hidage  seems  to  have  been  one  virgate  in  War- 
boys.*  The  object  of  hidage  was  "  to  sustain  the  knights  of  the 
abbey  in  the  army  of  the  king,'"  and,  except  in  the  cases  of  occa- 
sional tenants  who  owed  both  scutage  and  hidage,^"  the  payment 
was  made  by  non-military  tenants  of  hided  land,  that  is  by  tenants 
at  money  rents  and  by  virgaters,  and  seems  thus  to  have  extended 
a  form  of  the  military  obligation  to  the  bulk  of  the  villeins.  The 
small  holdings  of  cottars,  crofters  and  lesser  tenants  being  given,  as 
a  rule,  in  acres,  and  paying  no  hidage,  were  probably  another  con- 
siderable item  omitted  in  the  hidation  of  the  vill. 

»  i.  459.  ^  iii.  214.  ^  i.  475.  *  i.  413,  438. 

^  i.  334  .  .  .  .  "  unam  virgatam  ....  quae  etiam  solebat  dare  hydagium, 
auxilium  vicecomitis,  et  pontagium.  Quae  servitia,  a  tempore  Johannis  Kussel, 
tunc  temporis  firniarii  de  Broughtone,  qui  eandem  virgatam  terrse,  ob  favorem 
Henrici  Pyncernne,  fraudulenter  posuit  extra  hydam,  omnia  hactenusdetinentur." 

6  D.  B.,  i.  203.  ^  i.  401,  404,  412,  429. 

*  i.  308:  "  Heres  Willelmi  .  .  .  tenet  unam  virgatam  extra  hydam  pro  duobus 
cotlandis,  pro  qua  dat  duos  solidos  per  annum  ;  .  .  .  .  dat  hydagium,  quotiens 
servitium  domini  Regis  exigitur  ab  abbatia  ;  dat  etiam  wodehac." 

"  i.  273  and  elsewhere.  Compare  especially  iii.  219  :  "  Ita  quod  tota  terra  nos- 
trae  abbatife  communicata  est  cum  ipsis  {i.e.,  the  military  tenants)  per  hidas  Jid 
istud  servitium  (of  four  knights)  perficiendum." 

^°  ii.  36  :  "Dat  scutagium  et  hydagium."     See  also  ii.  47. 


GENERAL    DESCRIPTION    OF    RAMSEY. 


15 


Although  little  territorial  value  can  be  safely  assigned  to  the 
tables  of  hidation  in  the  Chartulary,  yet,  because  the  Ramsey  manors 
were  situated  in  counties  where  the  boundaries  of  the  vills  have 
remained  for  all  practical  purposes  stationary,  some  idea  of  the  ex- 
tent of  the  old  vills  may  be  obtained  from  the  present  acreage  given 
in  the  reports  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  or  from  a  study  of  the 
ordnance  maps.  In  this  connexion  the  following  table  may  be  of 
some  interest.  It  is  taken  from  an  agricultural  description  of  the 
county  of  Huntingdon^  in  the  year  1811,  before  the  enclosure  of 
some  of  the  vills,  and  gives  the  total  acreage  of  the  important  group 
of  Ramsey  manors  in  Huntingdonshire,  together  with  the  amount  in 
arable,  waste,  wood,  heath,  and  fen  at  that  time.  Although  the  total 
acreage  may  have  remained  sufhciently  the  same,  the  proportion  of 
land  under  each  head  must  have  greatly  changed.  The  draining 
of  the  fens  would  make  a  large  difference  in  the  amount  of  arable. 


6 

<6 

w 

a 
o 

^ 

<D 

-o 

3 

03 

s 

a 

■s 

'S 

o 
o 

Total. 

< 

6 

o 
o 

K 

fe 

^ 

^ 

Brington 

980.  2.  36 

20 

10 

3 

1013.  2. 36 

Broughton 

1108 

200 

150 

1458 

Bury 

600 

100 

150 

150 

1000 

Bithorn 

1182 

150 

150 

18 

1500 

Hemingford  Grey 

1234 

666 

100 

2000 

Hemingford  Abbot's 

1500 

100 

400 

2000 

Houghton 

1760 

90 

150 

2000 

Ramsey 

7500 

1250 

3750 

12,500 

Raveley  Magna 

1140 

60 

80 

20 

1300 

Raveley  Parva 

310 

85 

85 

20 

500 

Ripton  Abbot's 

800 

1333 

1352 

15 

500 

4000 

Ripton  Regis 

1080 

20 

100 

1200 

S.  Ives 

1785 

150 

60 

5 

2000 

Stukeley  Magna 

1400 

300 

300 

2000 

Stukeley  Parva 

1000 

200 

600 

1800 

Upwood 

924 

280 

80 

200 

16 

1500 

Warboys 

3368 

1000' 

500 

300 

5168 

Wistowe 

1820 

60 

40 

80 

2000 

The  bonds  that  united  the  manors  with  Ramsey  were,  in  the 
main,  the  judicial  power  of  the  abbot  with  certain  franchises  spe- 
cially granted  him  by  the  king,  the  obligation  of  some  manors  to 
furnish  farms  or  food  supplies  to  Ramsey,  and,  within  each  manor, 
the  services  and  money  payments  owed  by  the  villeins  and  other 
villagers. 

The  abbot's  judicial  power  consisted  primarily  in  the  right  to  hold 
a  court  for  his  villeins  in  each  manor,  with  the  usual  accompanying 
privileges  enumerated  most  fully  in  Edward  the  Confessor's  charter 


1  Agriculture  of  the  County  of  Huntingdon,  Parkinson  (1811.) 


16  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

to  the  abbey/ — sac  and  see,  mundbryche,  feardwite,  fihtwite,  blod- 
wite,  mischenninge,  fritsocne,  hamsocne,  forstalle,  forhpheang,  with- 
pheang,  heangwite,  gridbriche,  uthleap,  infangenetheof,  scipbriche, 
tol  and  team,  and  the  rest,  with  the  right  to  a  gallows  and  pillory, 
and  sometimes  to  the  return  of  writs.  Over  the  banlieu  immedi- 
ately surrounding  the  abbey,  the  abbot  had  a  special  jurisdiction 
first  granted  by  Henry  I.,  although  the  wording  of  the  charter  im- 
plies that  already  some  rights  had  been  exercised  there.*  Theoret- 
ically the  banlieu  extended  for  a  league,  probably  a  mile  and  a  half, 
on  all  sides  from  the  abbey  as  a  centre,  but  from  the  Placita  Quo 
Waranto'  it  appears  that  the  abbot  had  extended  the  franchise  some- 
times over  two  leagues,  sometimes  over  three,  and  even  over  seven. 
Within  this  territory  the  abbot  had  a  very  complete  jurisdiction. 
The  land  was  freed  from  the  interference  of  sheriffs  and  royal  offi- 
cers, and  from  all  forest  restrictions  and  views  of  regarders  and 
foresters.  In  addition  to  sake  and  soke  and  the  other  usual  privi- 
leges, the  abbot  had  the  right  to  found  a  treasury  and  to  hold  pleas 
of  mort  d'ancestor,  novel  disseisin,  and  all  pleas  of  the  crown  with 
the  return  of  writs.  Instead  of  going  to  royal  courts,  all  pleas  orig- 
inating in  the  banlieu  were  held  at  the  abbot's  own  court  of  Smithes- 
croft  in  the  banlieu  before  justices  appointed  by  the  abbot.  The  ab- 
bot's liberties  being  admitted  by  the  county,  cases  originating  in  the 
banlieu  and  taken  before  the  king  were,  on  the  claim  of  the  abbot's 
"  baihffs  of  the  liberties  of  the  banlieu,"  remanded,  to  be  tried  at 
Smithescroft.  Pleas  of  mort  d'ancestor,  novel  disseisin,  trespass 
and  injury  to  grass  and  wood  held  before  this  court  are  recorded  in 
the  Chartulary.*  Besides  the  manorial  courts  and  the  court  of  the 
banlieu  the  abbot  had  an  overcourt  in  the  manor  of  Broughton, 
the  "  court  of  the  honour  of  Broughton,"  attended  by  the  freeholders 
of  the  abbey,  whose  main  function  was  to  elect  the  four  knights  to 


1  ii.  76. 

^  i.  243:  "Prseterea  leugata  terras  suse  circa  abbatiam  suam  ita  sit  quieta  et 
libera  ab  omni  episcopal!  et  secular!  potestate  sicut  uiKiuam  quietior  fnit  aliquo 
tempore  prredecessorum  meorum  regum  Angli;e  "  .... 

^  P.  Q.  W.,  301  :  "Et  Gislebertus  de  Thornton  qui  sequitur  pro  Rege  dicit 
quod  prcedictus  abbas  et  pra>decessores  sui  attraxenmt  sib!  de  corpore  comitatus 
extra  praedictara  banlencara  in  aliquo  loco  per  duas  leucas,  in  aliquo  loco  per  tres, 
alicubi  per  quinque,  alicubi  per  septem  leucas"  ....  For  boundaries  of  banlieu 
see  i.  214,  243. 

*  i.  223  ;  iii.  65.     For  a  court  roll  of  the  banlieu  see  the  appendix. 


eENERAL    DESCRIPTION    OF    RAMSEY.  17 

serve  for  the  abbey'  and  to  arrange  other  military  matters.  The 
court  was  held  every  three  weeks,  but  the  greater  number  of  suitors 
attended  at  two  great  sessions  at  Michaelmas  and  Easter,  Professor 
Maitland  has  shown  from  the  rolls  of  Broughton^  the  increasing 
difficulty  in  enforcing  the  attendance  of  important  suitors  at  the 
court.  The  rolls  are  full  of  essoins  and  of  repeated  distraints  of 
those  that  have  not  even  essoined  themselves. 

Another  important  privilege  of  the  abbot,  of  a  different  character,  •" 
was  the  right  to  hold  markets  and  fairs.  Markets  were  held  at  fre- 
quent intervals  on  most,  if  not  all,  manors.  They  formed  small 
local  centres  of  trade  attended  by  very  few,  probably,  besides  the 
inhabitants  of  the  immediate  neighbourhood.  Fairs  were  of  more 
general  interest.  Th^great  fair  of  S.  Ives,  ranking  with  Boston  next 
after  Winchester  and  Stourbridge,  was  held  each  year  in  the  old  Ram- 
sey manor  of  Slepe  on  the  river  Ouse.  The  origin  of  the  fair  is  ob- 
scure ;  according  to  Matthew  Paris^  a  fair  existed  from  a  very  early 
time,  although  the  bones  of  S.  Ives,  after  whom  it  was  named,  were 
not  discovered  in  Slepe  until  1002.*  Henry  I.^  confirmed  to  the 
abbot  in  1110  a  fair  to  be  held  for  eight  days  in  each  year,  beginning 
on  the  Wednesday  before  Easter.  In  John's  reign  an  additional 
fair  of  which  very  little  is  afterward  heard,  was  held  in  August 
during  the  octave  of  Saint  Lawrence.®  In  1252  the  king,  by  the 
advice  of  Robert  Passelewe,  disturbed  the  abbot  in  the  possession 
of  the  fair,  but  because  "  the  noble  house  of  Ramsey  incurred  thereby 
so  great  a  damage  that  it  would  rather  have  lost  any  of  its  manors,'" 
in  1258  an  arrangement  was  made  by  which,  on  the  immediate  pay- 
ment of  500  marcs  and  the  yearly  rent  of  £50,  the  abbot  regained 
his  privileges.®  Thereafter  the  fair  continued  as  long  as  the  abbot 
wished,  and  Ramsey  received  all  the  proceeds  that  had  before  gone 
to  the  king,  together  with  stallage,  the  right  to  receive  payment 
from  stalls,  tronage,  the  right  to  possess  a  beam  for  weighing  coarse 
goods,  and  all  plens,  forfeitures,  rents,  and  revenues.  No  royal 
bailiff  or  officer  entered  the  fair.     In  1286,"  under  a  plea  of  quo 

^  For  a  discussion  of  the  Ramsey  knight  service  see  Round,  Feudal  England, 
296-298. 

■^  Select  Pleas  in  Manorial  Courts,  court  rolls  of  Broughton. 
•''Chron.  Maj.,  v.  296-297. 

'Ramsey  Chronicle,  114.     Compare  Chron.  Maj.,  i.  480. 
Mi.  101.  6  ii.  297.  '  Chron.  Maj.,  v.  297. 

«  R.  C,  ii.  67  ;  Chron  Maj.,  v.  699.  »  R.  C,  iii.  56. 

2 


18  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

warranto,  the  abbot  was  summoned  before  the  itinerant  justices  to 
answer  the  claims  of  the  bailiffs  of  Huntingdon  borough  that  they, 
the  bailiffs,  were  in  seisin  of  the  tolls  taken  in  the  fair,  that  such 
tolls  belonged  to  the  royal  borough  of  Huntingdon  held  by  them  in 
fee  farm,  and  that  it  was  their  privilege  to  carry  a  black  rod  through 
the  fair  and  collect  the  tolls.  The  abbot,  while  admitting  that  they 
should  carry  the  rod,  denied  their  right  to  receive  tolls  except  at 
the  entrance  of  the  vill. 

The  vill  of  S.  Ives  was  divided  into  two  parts,  the  Street  of  the 
Bridge,  Vicus  Pontis,  and  the  Green,  grena.  During  the  fair  the 
Street  of  the  Bridge  was  probably  a  great  centre  of  trade.  Those 
that  held  houses  and  lands  facing  on  the  street  were  often  obliged 
to  hold  their  fronts  at  the  will  of  the  lord,  so  that  he  might,  if  de- 
sired, have  his  own  stalls  there  or  receive  the  proceeds^  from  the 
stalls  of  his  tenants.  Those  that  dwelt  in  the  Street  of  the  Bridge 
had  in  common  many  services,  and  at  least  the  one  privilege  of 
folding  their  own  sheep.^  The  Green  does  not  appear  in  the  extents 
of  S.  Ives  except  in  the  name  of  the  typical  virgater,  Nicholas  ad 
Grenam.^  In  a  court  roll  of  S.  Ives,  however,  the  distinction  be- 
tween street  and  green  is  clearly  made.  After  a  preamble  telling 
the  date  and  place  of  holding  the  court,  the  names  of  nine  jurors 
are  given,  and  after  these  the  names  of  eleven  jurors  for  the  Street 
of  the  Bridge  and  six  for  the  Green.*  Again,  in  the  same  roll,  in  a 
list  of  the  watches  owed  during  fair  time  by  the  villatce  ad  arma 
jurake,  two  constables  were  required  for  the  Street  of  the  Bridge  and 
for  the  Green.  Keeping  watch  at  S.  Ives  was  one  of  the  usual  ser- 
vices of  Ramsey  villeins. 

An  obligation  binding  many  manors  directly  with  Ramsey  was 
the  rendering  of  farms.  Professor  Maitland  has  shown  that  beside 
the  right  to  receive  wites  and  the  resulting  right  of  the  lord  to  hold 
a  court  for  his  villeins,  another  element  of  royal  superiority  alienated 
by  the  king  to  churches  in  the  original  grant  was  the  right  to  re- 
ceive a  farm  or  food  rent  from  the  alienated  land.*     Ramsey  farms 


'R.  C.   i.  287:  .   .  .   .  "  et  sustinet  frontem  ad  opus  domini  abbatis."     Again 

(ibid.)  .  .   .   "  tenet  duo  mesuagia  in  vico frontes  et  arreragia  dictoruni 

mesuagiorum  pro  voluntate  sua  locat  tempore  nundinaruni."     i.  291   .  .   .  .   "  et 
sustinent  tres  frontes  in  nundinis  ad  opus  Abbatis." 

2  i.   284:  .    .     .  "  et  bidentes  extraneoruni  et    eorum   qui  terram  non  habent 
in  vico  pontis  jacere  debent  in  falda  abbatis  et  non  alibi." 

3  i.  287.  ■•  Public  Kecord  Office,  Court  Rolls,  178,/  96. 
*  See  Domesday  Book  and  Beyond,  235. 


GENERAL    DESCRIPTION    OF    RAMSEY.  19 

must  then  have  had  a  long  history,  but  it  is  not  until  some  time 
after  the  Conquest  that  we  hear  of  them.  The  Chartulary  contains^ 
two  sets  of  undated  documents  in  which  the  farm  system  of  Ram- 
sey is  described  with  great  fulness.  The  preamble  of  one  set  fixes 
the  date  of  the  following  documents  later  than  Henry  I.,^  but,  judg- 
ing from  the  somewhat  antique  spelling  of  place  names,  it  is  perhaps 
later  by  not  many  years.  The  other  set  corresponds  in  general  con- 
tents with  the  first,  and  may  probably  be  ascribed  to  the  same 
period.  Other  occasional  references  to  farms  in  the  Chartulary  and 
Chronicle  are  of  less  importance.^ 

The  farm  system  as  it  is  described  in  the  Chartulary  documents 
was  as  follows :  all  the  manors  were  divided  into  two  groups,  the 
manors  assigned  to  the  convent  of  the  monks  to  provide  hospitality, 
and  the  manors  assigned  to  the  chamber  of  the  abbot.  A  number 
of  manors  in  the  second  group  belonged  to  the  barony  also.  The 
manors  assigned  to  the  convent  corresponded  with  those  assigned 
to  the  steward  or  cellarer,  and  wqre  the  manors  from  which  the  food 
supply  of  the  monastery  was  drawn.  There  were  due  from  them 
at  the  abbey  during  the  year  the  equivalent  of  thirteen  full  or  fort- 
nightly farms  (quindenx,  firmse  duarum  hebdomarum)  or  food  sup- 
plies, each  of  which  was  extended  by  the  cellarer  to  last  over  four 
of  the  fifty-two  weeks  of  the  year.  Eight  manors  owed  a  full  fiirm 
and  ten  other  manors  owed  a  fiirm  of  one  week.  The  farm  of  each 
manor  was  rendered  not  entire,  but  in  fixed  portions  at  appointed 
dates.''  In  October,  for  example,  parts  of  the  farms  of  Weston, 
Elton,  Therfield,  and  Burwell  were  due ;  the  remainder  of  Burwell's 
farm  was  rendered  in  January,  February,  and  July.  The  carriage 
of  the  farm  to  Ramsey  was  part  of  the  services  of  the  villein.  In 
Burwell,^  in  Cambridgeshire,  a  virgater  carried  the  farm  whenever 
the  Jirmarius  desired,  and  in  return  was  free  from  the  work  of  one 
day.  In  other  cases  the  villein,  at  the  will  of  the  firmnrius,^  furnished 
two  horses  to  carry  the  farm.  It  has  been  suggested'  that  the  re- 
markable extension  of  a  fortnight's  food  supply  over  four  weeks  was 
a  deviation  from  the  original  system,  and  was  due  to  the  poverty  of 
the  abbey  under  Abbot  Walter  after  Geoffrey  de  Mandeville's  occu- 

Mii.  160-;  230-.  Mii.  163. 

^  See  i.  65,  in  the  catalogue  of  books  of  the  lost  library  of  Ramsey  :  "antiquus 
pamfletus  de  firmis."     See  also  Chronicle,  40,  206. 

Mii.  234.  Mii.  310.  'iii.  301. 

'  Vinogradoff,  Villainage  in  England,  301. 


20  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

pation.  The  Chartulary  documents  would,  then,  date  from  this 
period.'  The  distress  described  in  the  Ramsey  Chronicle,  the  con- 
fusion of  the  monastic  life,  the  desolation  of  agriculture  and  the  re- 
sulting alienation  of  lands  after  the  withdrawal  of  Geoflfrey's  men,' 
makes  an  extension  of  the  farms  as  a  means  of  temporary  relief  a 
not  improbable  measure.  There  is,  however,  no  direct  evidence  in 
support  of  the  theory  in  the  Chartulary.^ 

The  composition  of  the  various  farms  is  practically  the  same  in 
the  two  sets  of  documents.  The  full  or  fortnightly  farm  included  : 
(a)  of  bread,  12  quarters  of  ground  wheat,  valued  at  20  s.,  to  be  used 
for  the  monks  and  their  guests  ;  2000  loaves  (^vokepanni)  for  the  ser- 
vants, valued  at  12  marcs  ;  (b)  of  ale,  50  mittx'-  of  barley,  valued  at 
32  s. ;  25  mittx  of  malt  at  24  s. ;  (c)  miscellaneous,  24  mittse  of  fod- 
der, 10  Ihs.  of  cheese,  10  Ihs.  of  lard,  2  treix  of  beans,  2  trdse. 
of  butter,  bacon,  honey,  10  fressings,  14  lambs,  about  125  hens, 
14  geese,  2200  eggs,  1000  herring.  Nine  manors  delivered  also 
five  cartloads  of  hay  each.  A  full  farm  included,  besides  the 
tribute  in  kind,  £4  in  money.  The  sum  of  the  money  equiva- 
lents of  the  articles  of  the  farm,  together  with  the  £4,  made  the  total 
value  of  the  full  farm  approximately  £17  ;  the  value  of  all  the  farms 
together  was  about  £221.  The  amount  of  food  received  at  Ramsey 
was  increased  by  certain  "  presents  "  made  from  the  manors.  The 
firviarms  who  had  the  management  of  the  farms  paid,  besides  the 
farm,  5  s.  less  1  d.  in  food  each  year,  and  also  at  the  three  festivals 
of  Christmas,  Easter,  and  S.  Benedict  "  presented  "  fixed  amounts  of 
cheese,  butter,  eggs,  wheat,  malt,  and  barley,  and  a  number  of  hens. 
Once  in  the  year  he  provided  also  thirty-six  men  to  work  in  the 
vineyard. 

'  The  hypothesis  is  perhaps  slightly  supported  by  the  fact  that  the  amounts  of 
the  farms  in  the  Chartulary  tables  (iii.  160)  are  in  every  case  written  over  era- 
sures. New,  smaller  amounts  may  possibly  have  been  substituted  for  the  older 
Qnes.  "  I^amsey  Chronicle,  334. 

3  The  statute  of  Abbot  Aldwin  (1091-1102),  confirmed  by  Reginald  (1114-1133) 
(iii.  163).  calls  the  manors  held  by  the  cellarer  farm  manors,  and  their  full  (plena) 
farm  corresponds  with  the  fortnightly  farm  described  in  the  second  set  of  docu- 
ments ( iii.  230).  The  number  of  manors  contributing  sui)plies  is  not  given  in  Abbot 
Aldwin's  statute.  A  curtailment  in  the  amount  from  each  manor  is,  however, 
more  probable  than  a  curtailment  in  the  number  of  manors,  and  probably,  there- 
fore, the  documents  either  date  from  the  same  period  or  show  unchanging  condi- 
tions.    Early  references  to  the  farm  system  occur  in  the  Chronicle,  40,  206. 

*  A  mUta  was  \isuallv  between  4  and  5  rings  (16  and  20  bushels). 


GENERAL    DESCRIPTION    OF    RAMSEY.  21 

The  manors  owinc;  a  full  or  fortnightly  farm  were  Elton,  Therfield, 
Burwell,  Elsworth,  and  Warboys.  Slepe  and  Houghton  rendered 
each  two  weeks'  farm,  of  which  one  week  was  a  "  lentfarm."  Wes- 
ton, Brington,  and  Bithorn  together  rendered  a  full  fortnightly  farm. 
Cranfield,  Upwood,  Gravele,  Broughton,  Ripton,  and  Halywell  ren- 
dered each  a  full  farm  of  one  week,  half,  that  is,  the  farm  of  two 
weeks.  Wistowe,  Cnapwell,  Hemingford,  and  Elington  rendered 
lent  farms  (lentefirm.se),  due  in  Lent  and  differing  frona  the  ordinary 
farm  of  one  week  only  in  the  fact  that  40  -s.  in  money  was  given  in- 
stead of  5  lbs.  of  cheese  and  5  lbs.  of  lard. 

Every  farm  manor,  whether  it  owed  a  farm  of  two  weeks,  of  one 
week,  or  a  lent  farm,  gave  16  d.  to  the  poor  from  the  eleemosynary  or 
Maundeacre  on  Maundy  Thursday.^  The  monks  had  for  their 
own  use  the  vineyards  and  orchards,  the  cow  and  pig  yards  on  the 
island,  the  fisheries  of  Wells  and  all  the  meres,  ponds  and  adjacent 
waters.  Hechmundgrave,  near  Ramsey,  and  the  island  of  Ramsey 
were  assigned  to  the  cellarer,  refectory  and  kitchen  of  the  monas- 
tery, and  the  arable  of  Hechmundgrave  and  Ramsey  to  the  suste- 
nance of  the  fowls  and  cattle  of  the  monks. 

The  assignment  of  manors  to  the  convent  as  farm  manors  was  ar- 
bitrary,^ and  any  discrepancy  in  the  various  lists  may  be  explained 
by  a  change  in  assignment.  The  classification  of  the  other  manors 
is  more  obscure.  They  were  assigned  to  the  chamber  of  the  abbot^ 
and  the  barony,*  and  might  belong  to  both.*  The  assignment  to  the 
chamber  of  the  abbot  was  arbitrary,®  but  in  no  case,  probably,  did 
a  manor  belonging  to  the  barony  owe  a  farm.  The  manors  belong- 
ing to  the  chamber  included,  in  the  main,  those  that  did  not  belong 
to  the  convent,  and,  like  those  assigned  to  the  convent,  were  subject 
to  change.  Their  functions  were :  to  defend  the  church  in  pleas 
arising  in  lay  or  ecclesiastical  courts,  to  supply  the  convent  Avith 
bread  and  ale,  and  to  cover  any  deficit  in  the  farms.' 

Occasional  assignments  were  made  to  other  departments  of  the 
abbey  also.^     Rents  were  received  by  the  almoner  and  pittancer,  the 

^  iii.  233:  "Ad  raandatum  pauperum  in  Ccena  Domini  sexdecim  denarios  de 
acra  elemosinse."     i.  458,  .  .  .   "Camerarius  Eameseipe  percipit  duas  acras  fru- 

menti,  nuncupatas  Maunde  acras,  in  meliori  loco  et  blado  purissimo." 

See  also  iii.  164. 

2  ii.  218,  232,  235,  240.  Mii.  1G9.  M.  267. 

*  iii.  169  ;  i.  267.    For  example,  Hemingford,  Brongliton,  Chatteris,  Ringsted. 

«ii.  219,  222,  223;  iii.  291.  'iii.  170.  »  Ramsey  Chronicle,  301. 


22  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

rents  and  church  of  Warboys  belonging  to  the  almoner  alone/ 
Other  important  obedientarii  of  the  abbey,  not  connected  with  the 
farm  system,  were  a  prior,  with  full  power  in  the  abbot's  absence,  a 
sub-prior,  two  monks,  the  abbot's  chaplains,  witnesses,  coadjutors, 
and  advisors  in  all  matters,  and  a  monk  who  kept  the  seal  of  the 
abbey.  External  affairs  were  managed  by  two  monks  and  the 
seneschal  of  the  house  who  referred  any  doubtful  matter  to  the 
abbot.  Within  the  abbey  one  monk  under  the  cellarer  had  charge 
of  the  bread,  ale  and  wine  ;  another  of  the  bake-house  and  brewery, 
the  hay  and  candles.  All  the  money  belonging  to  the  chamber  was 
given  to  three  treasurers,  to  be  reserved  by  them  for  the  use  of  the 
monastery  and  to  make  good  any  deficit  in  the  returns  of  the  con- 
vent. To  these  treasurers  the  farmers,  who  paid  a  lump  sum  to  the 
abbot  as  a  composition  for  the  proceeds  of  a  manor,  were  accus- 
tomed to  pay  at  certain  times,  being  warned  "  to  make  no  waste  in 
wood  or  demesne,  and  to  oppress  no  one  unjustly  whereby  the 
chamberlain  or  almoner  should  receive  an  injury."^  No  manor 
belonging  to  the  convent  or  chamber  could  be  put  at  farm  without 
the  common  consent  of  the  convent,  nor  could  any  customary  land 
be  made  free  or  any  land  alienated. 

The  judicial  powers  and  special  franchises  of  the  abbot  and  the 
farms  represent  the  external  organization  of  the  Ramsey  fief,  the 
relation  of  the  manors  as  a  whole  to  the  abbot.  Another  connex- 
ion between  the  abbot  and  his  men,  more  important  for  the  study 
of  economic  conditions,  existed  within  each  manor  in  the  work 
done  by  villagers  on  the  lord's  demesne  and  the  payments  made  to 
the  abbot's  representative  in  the  manor.  The  discussion  of  this 
phase  of,  Ramsey  manorial  life  will  form  the  second  part  of  this 
paper. 


CHAPTER  II. 


Economic  Conditions  in  the  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth 
Centuries. 

The  special  value  of  the  study  of  economic  conditions  within  tlie 
Ramsey  manors  lies  first  in  the  fact  that  the  Chartulary  extents,  the 
chief  sources  of  information,  cover  a  large  number  of  manors,  and 

1  ii.  204. 

^  Theaefirmarii  should  not  be  confused  with  the  firmarii  who  managed  the  farms. 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  23 

secondly  in  the  fact  that  the  two  series  in  which  the  extents  are 
contained,  being  separated  by  many  years,  furnish  on  comparison 
evidences  of  certain  economic  changes  and  developments.  The 
extents  of  the  first  series^  are  undated,  but  their  approximate  period 
may  be  determined.  They  describe  not  only  the  conditions  at  the 
time  of  writing,  but  also  those  "  in  the  time  of  King  Henry."  The 
villagers  that  held  land  when  the  extents  were  written  were  usually 
removed  by  one  generation^  from  those  holding  land  in  Henry's 
reign.  It  does  not  immediately  appear  which  Henry  is  meant, 
although  the  fact  that  no  distinguishing  number  is  added  to  the 
name  perhaps  implies  Henry  I.  More  certain  evidence  is  obtained 
when,  as  occasionally  happens,  the  name  of  King  Henry  is  coupled 
with  that  of  a  contemporary  abbot  whose  date  can  be  ascertained 
from  the  Chartulary.  The  extent  of  Elington,  for  example,  tells 
how,  after  the  death  of  King  Henry,  the  church  of  Elington  acquired 
one  virgate  of  land  from  Abbot  Walter.^  Walter  was  abbot  from 
1133-1160,  Henry  I.  died  in  1135;  the  date  of  the  first  series  is 
therefore  probably  fixed  in  the  generation  after  Henry  I.,  during  the 
reign  of  Stephen  or  early  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.*  After  the  con- 
fusion and  devastation  of  Geoffrey  de  Mandeville's  occupation  the 
abbot  may  well  have  desired  to  have  the  obligations  of  his  men  and 
the  extent  of  his  lands  clearly  defined. 

The  extents  of  the  second  series*  are  usually  dated,  and  may  be 
generally  ascribed  to  the  second  half  of  the  thirteenth  century. 
Between  the  first  and  second  series,  therefore,  about  a  hundred 
years  intervened.  In  addition  to  the  two  important  series  there  are 
a  few  scattered,  usually  undated,  extents®  and  a  short  series  of  "  ver- 
dicts "  of  the  latter  part  of  the  twelfth  century.''  The  thirteenth 
century  extents  show  the  Ramsey  manorial  system  in  its  typical 
form,  the  villata  bound  to  the  lord  by  heavy  labour  service  still 
actually  performed.     In  this,  as  in  the  earlier  period,  the  conditions 

1  iii.  257. 

2  iii.  258,  270,  272,  273,  283,  301,  309,  313,  and  elsewhere.  Occasionally  the 
land  was  still  held  by  the  tenant  of  Henry  I.  (iii.  258  [bis),  261)  ;  occasionally  it 
had  already  descended  to  the  second  generation,     (iii.  258,  261.) 

^  iii.  305  :  "  Et  ecclesia  possidebat  tunc  (T.  E.  H. )  novem  acras et  post 

mortem  Regis  Henrici  Osmundus  Presbyter  acquisivit  Ecclesiae  unam  virgatam  ab 
Waltero  Abbate."     See  iii.  176  for  date  of  Abbot  Walter. 

*  iii.  304  :   "  Henrici  Regis  Senioris  "  is  mentioned.     See  also  iii.  25-1. 

*  i.  251—.  «  iii.  289,  292,  296.  ^  iii.  241—. 


24  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

described  by  the  extents,  even  of  manors  far  apart  territorially,  are 
generally  uniform. 

The  results  gained  by  a  study  and  comparison  of  the  extents  of 
the  two  centuries  should  aid  in  determining  whether,  in  the  twelfth 
and  thirteenth  centuries,  the  general  tendency  in  the  Ramsey  manors 
was  towards  an  increase  or  decrease  of  villein  obligations.  A  de- 
crease would  lend  some  support  to  the  theory  of  an  originally  ser- 
vile condition  of  English  peasantry  ;  an  increase,  on  the  other  hand, 
would  indicate  a  depression  of  at  least  a  part  of  that  peasantry,  and 
the  hardening  and  tightening  of  villein  obligations.  Before  dis- 
cussing the  directions  in  which  these  tendencies  might  appear,  how- 
ever, it  will  be  necessary  to  describe  a  difference  in  the  form  of  the 
series  of  extents— a  difference  wdiich,  although  in  itself  perhaps  sig- 
nificant, makes  comparison  difhcult. 

The  earlier  extents  are  very  short.  They  usually  contain  a  state- 
ment of  the  hidation  of  the  manor,  a  list  of  the  free  tenants  and  ten- 
ants holding  by  money  rent,  the  services  and  payments  incumbent 
upon  them,  the  amount  of  land  in  villenage,  the  labour  services  of  the 
typical  virgater,  and  of  the  cottars  and  lesser  holders.  Sometimes 
an  account  of  the  live  stock  of  the  manor  is  added.  The  descrip- 
tion of  the  villein  services  is  in  almost  every  case  very  brief,  rarely 
covering  more  than  a  quarter  to  a  half  page.  The  week  work, 
ploughings  and  reapings,  carrying  service  and  customary  payments 
are  given  in  bare  outline.  The  thirteenth  century  extents,  on 
the  other  hand,  are  long  and  full ;  they  describe,  often  in  minute 
detail,  the  normal  life  of  the  manor.  The  order  of  their  contents  is 
usually  as  follows :— After  an  account  of  the  land  held  by  the  village 
church  and  the  various  tithes  due  to  the  priest,  the  manor  is  de- 
scribed topographically.  A  long  list  is  given  of  the  culturae  or  fields 
of  the  demesne,  the  names  of  which  are  usually  indicative  of  local 
characteristics.^  The  number  of  ploughs  necessary  for  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  demesne  is  given,  followed  by   a   description   of  the 


1  Compare,  for  example,  the  extent  of  Wistowe,  i.  353:  "Domiuicum  Abbatis 
de  Wystowe  consistit  in  subscriptis  culturis  videlicet ;  Briggefnrlange  ;  Helre- 
stube'  ;  Clayhulle  abuetans  super  Lowewey  ;  alia  cnltnra,  qufe  appellatur  ("hahelle 
....  Brocfurlange  ;  Henepelande  ....  Stoneeroft ;  Bernewellcshalu  ;  Kelne- 
weye ;  cultura,  quae  appellatur  Nientiene  ....  super  Stonilande,  quinque  sel- 
liones;  ad  Langgebeggho  ....  Byssopeswonge  ....  Kyngeslond  .... 
Fulbrocfurlauge  ....  Mulnefurlange  ....  Littlehylle  ....  Nomannes- 
lande."  .... 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  25 

meadows,  woods,  and  marshes.  The  total  hidation  of  the  vill,  in 
which  the  demesne  is  sometimes  included,  is  next  stated,  the  re- 
mainder and  bulk  of  the  extent  being  filled  with  a  list,  by  name,  of 
the  tenants  of  the  manor,  their  services  and  holdings.  The  descrip- 
•  tions  of  the  labours  and  obligations  of  the  typical  virgater  usually 
cover  several  pages ;  any  small  variations  in  the  services  of  other 
men  of  the  class  are  carefully  noted,  and  the  obligations  of  cottars 
and  lesser  men  are  fully  described. 

The  existence  of  a  second  series  of  extents  is  itself  suggestive. 
To  justify  the  abbot  in  making  new  extents  for  so  many  manors  the 
older  series  must  have  been  proved  insufficient.  Certain  changes 
in  the  hidation  of  vills,  in  the  tenants,  and  in  the  creation  of  new 
tenements  had  occurred,  but  were  probably  not  in  themselves  of 
sufficient  importance  to  necessitate  a  whole  series  of  new  extents. 
It  seems  more  probable  that  the  lord  was  finding  the  old  extents  too 
indefinite.  He  was  anxious  to  exact  the  uttermost  from  the  villeins, 
and  in  order  to  leave  no  loophole  of  escape  or  option  he  caused  the 
exact  services  of  each  tenant  to  be  written.  If  a  decrease  in  the 
earlier  obligations  appear,  these  new  extents  may  seem  to  repre- 
sent a  struggle  on  the  lord's  part  to  retain  what  is  passing  from  him  ; 
if  an  increase,  they  may  mark  a  step  forward  on  the  lord's  part  dic- 
tated by  his  desire  to  ensure  what  he  has  already  gained. 

Economic  changes  implying  such  an  elevation  or  depression  of 
the  condition  of  peasants  between  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  cen- 
turies will  then  be  sought  in  the  two  following  directions :  first,  in 
an  increase  or  decrease  in  the  amount  of  land  and  number  of  tenants 
at  labour  service ;  secondly,  in  an  increase  or  decrease  in  the  weight 
of  the  obligations  of  those  owing  such  service. 

1.  Tenants  and  tenements. — Three  main  classes  of  tenants  are  de- 
scribed in  the  extents :  the  holders  of  free  lands,  the  tenants  at  a 
money  rent  (censuai-ii),  and  the  villeins  or  unfree. 

The  largest  free  tenements  were  held  by  military  service.  The 
Le  Moygnes  held  in  all  eleven  hides,'  the  Engaynes  ten  and  a-half 
hides.^  In  Hemingford  the  Count  of  Oxford  held  five  hides.  Non- 
military  tenements  rarely  exceeded  one  or  two  hides,  and  many 
were  much  smaller.^  Large  freeholders  held  land  in  demesne  with 
free  tenants,  censuarii,  and  villeins.**     In  Stukeley  two  freeholders 

'  i.  267.  2  iii.  219. 

»i.  283  ;  iii.  307,  and  elsewhere.  *i.  491,  286. 


26  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

held  demesne  land  that  was  estimated  at  more  than  three  hides.^  From 
the  tenants  by  military  service  the  knights  of  the  abbey  were  chosen, 
other  freeholders  owing  homage  and  following  the  hundred  and 
county  courts  and  the  court  of  Broughton.  Sometimes  the  free 
hide  paid  a  money  rent^  and  occasionally  performed  light  labour 
services.*  The  censuarii,  as  their  name  implies,  paid  a  money  rent 
for  their  land.  The  class  was  a  large  one,  extending  from  those 
that,  while  paying  a  rent  for  their  land,  followed  the  courts  like  the 
freeholders,  to  those  that  paid  a  trifling  rent,  and  in  their  labour  ser- 
vices are  hardly  to  be  distinguished  from  villeins.  In  the  thirteenth 
centur}'  a  large  number  of  cottars,  crofters  and  lesser  men  held  their 
land  by  a  mone}^  rent.  The  villeins  included  the  virgaters,  the 
chief  support  of  the  manorial  system,  and  those  cottars  and  crofters 
whose  land  was  held  on  a  labour  tenure. 

Although  the  essential  obligation  of  each  division  of  the  tenants 
is  clear,  it  is  often  difficult  to  classify  an  individual  tenant.  The 
classes  shade  into  one  another,  or,  rather,  the  censuarii  overlap  on 
the  one  side  tlie  free,  on  the  other  the  villeins.  Great  difficulty  in 
comparing  the  number  of  tenants  in  each  class  at  the  two  periods 
results,  a  difficulty  which  is  further  increased  by  the  inaccuracy  and 
confusion  resulting  from  the  uncertaint}''  of  the  hidation,  in  the 
figures  indicating  the  amount  of  tenements.  The  sum  of  hides  and 
virgates  rarely  equals  the  given  hidation  of  the  vill.''  Any  evidence 
based  upon  a  comparison  of  the  amount  of  land  free  or  in  villenage, 
or  of  the  number  of  tenants  in  the  different  classes,  is  more  or  less 
unreliable,  and  an  elaborate  comparison  of  the  series  would  proba- 
bly be  useless.  A  general  tendency  with  many  exceptions  may 
probably,  however,  be  discerned.  The  most  stable  element  in  the 
extents  is  the  land  held  by  virgaters,  ad  opus.  In  a  number  of 
manors  this  land  had  appreciably  increased  between  the  time  of 
King  Henry  and  the  thirteenth  century.  In  Stukeley  9  out  of  28 
virgates  were  ad  opus  in  the  twelfth  century,  122  out  of  26i  virgates 
in  the  thirteenth.^  In  Shitlingdon,  in  the  same  time,  32i  virgates 
ad  opus  had  increased  to  47  virgates,  with  a  probable  decrease  in  the 
land  free  or  ad  censum.^  In  Wistowe  land  ad  opus  had  increased 
from  27  virgates  to  30^,'  in  Broughton  from  28  virgates  to  30,®  and 


M.  393.  Mii.  307.  M.  343  (6is). 

*  iii.  278,  Houghton  and  Witton.    i.  281,  S.  Ives.  *  iii.  274  ;  i.  392. 

6  iii.  307  ;  i.  458.  '  iii.  271  ;  i.  351.  » iii.  273  ;  i.  330. 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  27 

in  Elington  from  24  virgates  to  27*/  In  Houghton  and  Witton  the 
free  and  censuarii  had  probably  lost  3  virgates.''  In  S.  Ives,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  amount  of  free  land  and  land  ad  cenmm  had  in- 
creased,* perhaps  through  the  influence  of  the  fair.  In  Hemingford 
5  hides  of  the  demesne  had  been  rented  by  the  thirteenth  century, 
so  that  the  land  ad  censum  had  increased.*  In  Holywell  8  virgates 
out  of  23  virgates  ad  opus  in  the  time  of  Henry  I.  had  been  rented 
by  the  thirteenth  century.^  One  virgate  ad  opus  in  Girton  was  lost 
between  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries.®  Figures  obtained 
from  other  extents  are  too  uncertain  to  be  of  value. 

The  evidence  of  land  passing  from  one  condition  to  another  is  not 
entirely  dependent  upon  the  addition  of  single  holdings.  It  is 
sometimes  expressly  stated  that  land  once  ad  opus  has  become  free 
or  been  placed  ad  cens^im.  Such  statements,  however,  referring  to 
occasional  holdings  only,  are  not  numerous  enough  to  counterbal- 
ance the  evidences  of  an  increase  in  the  virgates  ad  opus.  In  Wis- 
towe,  Witton  and  Stukeley,  for  example,  one  virgate  ad  opus  had 
been  put  ad  censum;  one  virgate  in  Kurwell,  two  cotlands  once  ad 
opus  in  S.  Ives,  and  five  virgates  once  ad  censum  in  Burwell  had  be- 
come free.''  The  largest  increase  in  rents  was  probably  among  the 
cottars,  crofters,  and  smaller  holders.  The  number  of  such  tenants 
holding  ad  opus  or  ad  censum  was  much  larger  in  the  thirteenth 
century  than  in  the  twelfth.  In  Barton*  11  cotsetles  became  13  cot- 
lands  ;  21  crofts  at  rent  and  labour,  and  27  crofts  held  by  virgaters  ap- 
pear. In  Shitlingdon®  only  3  crofts,  once  at  labour,  are  mentioned  in 
the  earlier  extent,  13,  all  ad  opus,  are  mentioned  in  the  later,  together 
with  a  number  of  trifling  tenements  of  rods,  fractions  of  acres, 
corners  and  forelands.  In  Houghton^"  there  were  20  cotlands  at 
work,  one  cotland  free  (once  ad  censum),  17  tofts  at  work  and  2  crofts 
ad  censum  in  the  twelfth  century  ;  13  "  cotagia,"  23  crofts,  10  cotlands 
and  9  tenants  holding  each  a  manse  and  18  or  more  acres,  in  the 
thirteenth  century."    In  almost  all  the  later  extents  there  is  a  large 

'  iii.  304  ;  ii.  23. 

^  iii.  278  ;  i.  363.  In  Witton  25  virgates,  according  to  the  extents,  were  ad  opus 
in  the  thirteenth  century  ;  only  6  in  the  twelfth.  The  figures  are  probably  wrong, 
however,  for  not  all  the  virgates  are  accounted  for  in  the  twelfth  century. 

'  iii.  280;  i.  281.  M.  380.  ^iii.  281  ;  i.  293.  ejii,  313  .  j    491 

'  See  extents  for  these  manors  quoted  above.  *  iii.  274  ;  i.  474. 

»iii.  307  ;i.  458.  '  10  iii.  278;  i.  363. 

"  Other  examples  are  in  Holywell,  iii.  281 ;  i.  293  ;  in  Broughton,  where  almost 
no  small  holders  are  entered  in  the  twelfth  century,  iii.  273 ;  i.  230  ;  in  Stukeley, 


28  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

number  of  tenants  of  pytels,  buttes,  gores,  forelands,  and  otber  odds 
and  ends  of  land,  who,  although  they  may  have  existed  in  the 
twelfth  century,  are  not  mentioned  in  the  extents  of  that  period. 
The  twelfth  century  nativi  do  not  appear  as  such  in  the  thirteenth 
century. 

Although,  tlierefore,  any  very  definite  conclusion  in  regard  to  the 
amount  of  land  in  villenage  or  at  money  rent  in  the  two  centuries 
is  impossible  because  the  statements  of  the  extents  may  not  in  every 
case  be  complete,  yet  a  general  tendency  to  change  in  the  amount  of 
land  held  ad  opus  may  probably  be  discerned.  It  is  sufficiently  clear 
that  the  average  amount  of  land  ad  opus  did  not  decrease,  but  rather 
increased,  during  the  period,  and  tluit  the  increase  in  lands  made 
free,  although  apparent  in  several  manors,  was  neither  uniform  nor 
very  great,  being  most  evident  among  the  smaller  holders.  The  ab- 
sorption of  land  from  the  waste  would  probably  account  for  many 
of  the  new  censuarii.  If,  during  the  period  under  consideration, 
the  services  of  the  tenants  had  been  constantly  becoming  less  bur- 
densome, a  general  tendency  towards  the  increase  of  the  freer  forms 
of  land  tenure  would  probably  have  been  expected  rather  than  the 
evident  tendency  in  the  opposite  direction. 

2.  Villein  Obligations. — The  comparison  of  the  labour  services  at 
the  two  periods  gives  more  reliable  and  definite  results  than  the 
comparison  of  tenants  and  tenements.  The  thirteenth  century  ex- 
tents contain,  as  has  been  said,  unusually  full  and  clear  descriptions 
of  the  villein  services  ;  the  twelfth  century  extents,  also,  although 
shorter,  contain  the  essential  information, — the  number  of  days  of 
work  required  by  the  lord.  Before  observing  the  changes  that  oc- 
curred during  the  interval  between  the  series,  however,  it  will  be 
convenient  to  describe  the  labour  services  as  they  were  in  the  thir- 
teenth century.  An  acquaintance  with  the  details  of  these  services 
is  not  only  necessary  to  a  comparison  of  conditions  at  the  two 
periods;  it  has  also,  on  account  of  the  large  number  of  manors  on 
which  the  conditions  are  described,  an  intrinsic  value.  From  the 
thirteenth  century  extents  of  Ramsey  an  unusually  clear  under- 
standing may  be  gained  of  the  life  of  peasants  in  east  central 
England. 

iii.  274  ;  i.  392  ;  in  Heniingford,  iii.  275  ;  i.  380.  Probably  the  very  large  decrease  in 
S.  Ives  (iii.  280  ;  i.  '281)  is  due  to  tlie  fact  that  the  later  extent  is  not  complete.  In 
Cranfield  it  is  hard  to  judge  of  the  increase  ;  already  in  the  twelfth  century  there 
were  nearly  700  acres  of  assart  land  of  50  censuarii. 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  29 

The  labour  obligations  of  the  typical  villein,  the  virgater  or  semi- 
virgater,  may  be  divided  into  the  two  usual  main  divisions  of  week 
work  and  boon  work. 

Week  work,  the  most  oppressive  obligation  of  the  villein,  was  the 
regular  labour  required  by  the  lord  for  the  cultivation  of  the 
demesne  from  each  villein  on  certain  days  in  every  week  of  the 
year,  the  number  of  days  so  required  varying  in  different  manors 
and  at  different  seasons.  Week  work  may  be  divided  according  to 
the  kind  of  labour  performed  into  (a)  ploughing,  (6)  miscellaneous 
works,  such  as  sowing,  harrowing,  reaping  and  threshing,  and  (e) 
carting. 

(a)  Ploughing.  A  greater  proportion  of  the  villein's  time  was 
consumed  in  ploughing  than  in  any  other  single  kind  of  labour,  one 
day  in  every  week  during  most  of  the  year  being  reserved  for  this 
purpose.  The  day  so  reserved  was,  in  almost  every  case,  Friday.^ 
In  Burwell,  in  the  twelfth  century,  the  villein  ploughed  on  Mon- 
day.^ In  Weston  a  bailifi'  attempted  to  defer  the  ploughing,  but 
the  villeins  insisted  that  on  Friday  only  could  such  labour  justly  be 
required  of  them.^  In  Abbot's  Ripton,  on  the  other  hand,  the  lord 
could  at  his  will  defer  the  ploughing,  or  receive  it  in  one  week  for 
several  weeks  following.*  Two  interruptions  in  the  regular  weekly 
ploughing,  for  which  provision  was  usuall}'^  made,  were  the  incidence 
of  a  feast  day  on  Friday  or  the  occurrence  of  bad  weather.  If  Fri- 
day were  a  feast  day,  the  ploughing  was  sometimes  omitted  entirely 
or,  more  often,  made  up  in  some  way  afterwards.  In  S.  Ives  the  lord 
had  no  compensation ;  a  Friday  feast  day  was  a  dead  loss.^     In 


1  Haliwell,  i.  299  ;  Warboys,  i.  310 ;  Broughton,  i.  335  ;  Hemmingford,  i.  384 ; 
Stukeley,  i.  393  ;  Shitlingdon,  ii.  460  ;  Barton,  ii.  475  ;  Girton,  i.  493 ;  Whiston, 
i.  55  ;  Cranfeld,  ii.  17  ;  Elton,  ii.  23  ;  Weston,  ii.  35.  In  a  few  cases  the  day  is 
not  specified  ;  for  example,  i.  288,  345,  35t5,  398.  ^  [^  309 

*  ii.  38  :  ''Dicunt  tamen,  quod  non  debent  aliquam  aruram  de  jure,  nisi  die 
Veneris,  nee  debet  aliquo  tempore  aliqua  arura  prorogari  nisi  pro  trituratione 
quarterii."  Cf.  ii.  44  :  "  Prseterea  dicunt  quod  de  jure  non  debet  arura  prorogari 
ab  uno  tempore  usque  ad  aliud,  nisi  tempus  impedierit,  nisi  trituratio 
quarterii."     .... 

*  i.  323:  "Arabit  .  .  .  qualibet  hebdomada  .  .  .  unam  sellionem,  si- 
cut  jungitur,  quam  aruram  dominus  differre  poterit,  pro  voluntate  sua,  vel  earn  in 
una  septimana  pro  duabus  vel  tribus  septiraanis  sequentibus  ad  libitum  suum 
recipere. ' ' 

^  i.  288: "  et  quinta  die  arabit,  si  necesse  fuerit,  nisi  dies  festivus 

hoc  irapediat,  quem  diem  non  reddet." 


30  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

Hemingford  and  King's  Ripton  one  day  so  lost  went  to  the  lord, 
that  is  to  say,  was  paid  later ;  the  next  day  went  to  the  villata  and 
was  not  paid.'  In  Houghton  when  Friday  was  a  feast  day  the 
abbot  could  call  for  the  ploughing  on  one  of  the  preceding  work 
days  of  that  week,  Monday,  Tuesday,  or  Wednesday,  but  in  this 
case  the  ploughing  counted  both  for  itself  and  for  the  work  that 
would  otherwise  have  been  performed  on  the  substituted  day.'  Dur- 
ing the  important  festival  seasons  ploughing  was  almost  always 
omitted  entirely,  at  Christmas  sometimes  for  fifteen  days,  sometimes 
for  eight  only,  at  Easter  for  a  week  and  occasionally  longer,  and  at 
Pentecost  for  a  week.^  In  Halywell  the  conditions  were  very  strin- 
gent ;  ploughing  omitted  at  Christmas  was  made  up  in  the  follow- 
ing week.*  If  bad  weather  interfered,  the  loss  was  sometimes  to  the 
lord,  sometimes  to  the  villata.  Ploughing  omitted  in  Therfield  be- 
tween Michaelmas  and  Christmas  on  account  of  rain  or  frost  was 
not  paid  later,  and  between  Christmas  and  Michaelmas  a  villein  did 
not  plough  at  all  for  the  lord  unless  he  ploughed  for  himself.*  In 
Warboys  before  Christmas  he  repaid  all  ploughings  prevented  by 
bad  weather,  unless  it  were  by  ice ;  after  Christmas  he  repaid  all 
delayed  ploughings.*     In  Broughton,  when  omitted  for  bad  weather 

^  i.  39S  : "  arabit  uno  die     .     .     .     et  hoc  nisi  festum  impediat. 

Et  tunc  per  totum  annum  computabitur  unum  festum  domino,  et  aliud  sibi,  praeter- 
quam  qiiindecini  diebus  Natalis  et  quindecim  diebus  Pasch»,   et  Pentecostes,  in 

quibus  nee  arabit,  nee  aliud  genus  operis  faciet."     i.  492: "  et  si 

festum  intervenerit  in  his  diebus  unus  locabitur  domino,  et  alius  hominibus  villae." 

^  i.  360:  "Quinta  vero  die,  scilicet  die  Veneris,  arabit,  .  .  .  nisi  festum 
impediat,  et  tunc  poterit  dominus  habere  ipsam  arurara  die  Luna>,  vel  IMartis, 
vel  Mercurii  prsecedente  ;  et  computabitur  ei,  tarn  pro  opere  illius  diei,  quam  pro 
arura  sua. ' '     Cf .  i.  393. 

»  i.  323,  393,  398,  408. 

*  i.  299  :  .  .  .  .  "in  qualibet  anni  septimana  semel  ad  voluntatem  domini 
prseter  octo  dies  Natalis  Domini,  arabit,  pro  qua  arura  in  Natali  remissa  in 
proxima  hebdomada  sequenti  operabitur  per  unum  diem." 

*  i.  4ti  :  "  Et  debet  omnis  dimidia  virgata  arare  pro  opere  suo  semel  in  septi- 
mana infra  festum  S.  Michaelis  et  Natalis  nisi  impediatnr  propter  gelu  vel  plu- 
viam.  Et  si  contingat  non  arare  infra  dictum  tempus  propter  gelu  vel  hujus 
modi,  imposterum  dictam  aruram  solvere  non  tenetur.  Et  si  contingat  dimidia 
virgata  infra  Natale  et  festum  S.  Michaelis  non  arare,  domino  non  tenetur  arare, 
nisi  sibimet  araret." 

«  i.  312  :  "Reddet  etiam  omnes  aruras  ante  Natale  Domini  in  respectu  positas 
propter  aeris  intemperantiam  vel  aliam  causam,  prseterquam  propter  glaciem. 
Post  Natale  autem  reddet  omnes  aruras  quoounque  modo  in  respectu  positas." 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  31 

or  any  other  reasonable  cause,  ploughing  was  not  repaid.'  During 
certain  seasons  of  the  year  ploughing  was  often  omitted  intention- 
ally, other  work  being  substituted  on  the  ploughing  days.  This 
happened  most  often  during  the  harvest  when  the  villata  was  hard 
pressed  with  reaping  and  gathering  in  the  crops,"  but  occasionally 
it  happened  also  in  the  winter.^  The  importance  of  ploughing  is 
again  shown  by  the  fact  that  it  was  usually  the  only  work  required 
during  illness.  If  a  villein  were  ill  for  a  year  and  a  day,  he  was 
exempt  from  all  service  during  that  time  but  ploughing  and,  some- 
times, part  of  his  harvest  work,  but  if  his  illness  continued  longer 
his  regular  services  were  required  as  before.* 

The  amount  of  ploughing  to  be  done  in  a  day  by  each  plough  was 
often  defined  in  terms  of  strips,  half  acres,  or  rods.*  If  a  villein  had 
not  a  full  plough  team  of  his  own  he  joined  with  other  members  of 
the  \allata,  the  same  amount  of  work  being  then  required  from  two 
or  more  villeins  together  that  would  have  been  done  by  each  with 
a  full  plough.®  The  total  amount  of  work  was  distributed  according 
to  the  number  of  ploughs,  demesne  and  in  villenage,  of  the  manor, 
not  according  to  the  number  of  villeins.  Each  plough,  whether  fur- 
nished by  one  or  more  villeins,  was  responsible  for  its  own  share  of 
the  work.  Even  when  ploughing  had  been  commuted,  a  censuarms, 
if  his  cattle  belonged  to  a  plough  team,  was  required  to  make  the 

^  i.  336:  .  .  .  "singulis  septimanis  anniar  abit  super  terram  domini  uno 
die  sicut  super  propriam.  Quam  aruram  non  admissam  propter  aeris  intemperan- 
tiam  vel  aliam  causam  rationabilem,  reddet  in  subsequent i  septimana  ad  sum- 
monitionem  servientis." 

^  i.  310:  "  Quolibet  .  .  .  die  Veneris  cujuslibet  septiman??  per  annum 
prseter  Nataleet  quinque  septimanasinautumno  .  .  .  arabit  diraidiaiu  acram." 
See  also  i.  347,  3f:;7,  399. 

*  i.  475  :  .  .  .  .  .  "  et  die  Veneris  arabit  .  .  .  except©  quod,  inter  Natale 
et  Purificationem  non  arabit,  sed  operabitur  pro  arura."     See  also  i.  493. 

*  i.  337  :  "  Et  quotiens  infirmetur,  erit  quietus  ab  omni  opere  praeter  aruram- 
Et  si  ejus  aegritudo  per  annum  duret  et  diem,  toto  illo  tempore  ab  omni  opere 
erit  quietus,  prseterquam  de  arura.  Post  annum  vero  et  diem,  a  nuUo  opere  per 
aliquam  infirmitatem  excusabitur."  Cf.  i.  301,  303,  312,  325,  347,  359,  and  else- 
where. 

*  i.  357  :  "  Qualibet  autem  die  arabit,  aliquando  unam  sellionem,  aliquando 
unam  sellionem  et  dimidiam,  vel  plus,  secundum  majoritatem  et  minoritatem 
terras."     See  also  i.  32:!,  398,  50  ;  ii.  28,  and  elsewhere. 

*  i.  493:  "  Et  in  qualibet  hebdomada,  arabit  die  Veneris,  scilicet,  si  habeat 
carucam  unum  sellionem,  si  non,  quotquot  fuerint  associati  ad  unum  (.si'c)  caru- 
cam,  arabunt  unam  sellionem  sicut  jacet  in  campis."     See  also  i.  310,  345. 


32  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

ploughing  himself  unless  it  could  be  done  without  him  by  the  others 
belonging  to  the  plough.'  Good  ploughing  was  required ;  if  the 
Weston  villein  ploughed  badly  through  ignorance  he  gave  a  plough- 
share, if  he  ploughed  badly  from  custom  he  gave  more,  in  propor- 
tion to  the  greatness  of  the  fault.^ 

The  lord  did  not  depend  upon  villein  ploughs  only  for  the  culti- 
vation of  the  demesne ;  he  had  also  in  each  manor  ploughs  of  his 
own,  belonging  to  the  curia.  These  demesne  ploughs  were  worked 
by  a  special  class  of  tenants,  the  akermanni  or  carucarii,  who  held 
their  land  on  condition  of  "  following  the  lord's  ploughs."  Each 
acreman  probably  directed  the  work  of  one  demesne  plough.'  The 
acremen  were  usually  semi-virgaters ;  in  Cnapwell,  in  the  twelfth 
century,  they  were  cottars.*  When  a  man  served  as  acreman, 
although  exempt  from  some  villein  services,*  his  ploughing  duties 
were  very  binding.  In  Upwood  he  was  obliged  to  go  to  the  ploughs 
on  every  day  when  it  was  necessary.  On  his  death  his  widow  paid 
no  heriot  but,  instead,  supplied  another  acreman  to  take  his  place.* 
In  Warboys  provision  was  made  for  the  ploughing  of  the  acreman's 
own  land.  "  In  every  second  week  of  the  year,  except  Christmas 
and  five  weeks  in  autumn,  he  (the  acreman)  shall  have  a  ploughing 
with  a  full  plough  as  the  villeins  are  joined,  on  Friday,  on  his  own 
land,  and  as  many  acremen  as  there  are  shall  have  this  same 
custom.'" 

'  i.  468  :  (4.T  virgates  ar^  censwm)  .  .  .  "  si  averia  habeant  conjuncta  caru- 
cis  illorum  qui  aruram  debeant  domino,  solvent  arura,  si  vero  aliis  non  solvent." 

'  ii.  42  :  "  Consuetude  apud  Westone  talis  est,  quod  si  contingat  aliquem  igno- 
ranter  male  arare,  dabit  unum  voraerem  ;  sed  si  ex  consuetudine  male  araverit, 
dabit  plus,  secundum  (juod  deliquerit."     See  also  i.  464. 

^  In  Broughton  and  Wistowe  there  were  four  demesne  ploughs  and  four  acremen  ; 
in  Upwood  there  were  seven  ploughs  and  seven  acremen.     See  i.  332,  349,  356. 

*  iii.  oOO  :  (11  cotlands)  .  .  .  "  de  quibus  firmarius  faciet  sihi  [tres?] 
aratores." 

*  i.  318  :  "  Et  sciendum,  quod  si  aliquis  istorum  acremannorum  sit  pr>opositus 
vel  bedellus,  erit  quietus  ab  omni  opere,  quamdiu  in  tali  officio  extiterit,  praeter 
aruras  quse  dicuntur  bedesolewes.  Et  si  aliquis  istorum  sit  carucarius  in  curia, 
omnino  erit  quietus  ab  onmi  opere  et  aruris,  pntter  hydagium." 

*  i.  349:  ....  "  eunt  ad  canicas  abbatis  quolibet  die  per  annum  cum  necesse 
fuerit  ;  et  si  ad  carucas  non  eant  ante  prandium,  et  post,  facient  opera,  qu»e  eis 
fuerint  inpmcta."  .  .  .  i.  350  :  "' Relictjie  vero  eorum  non  dant  herietum,  quia 
in  crastino  obitus  suorum  maritorum  invcuient  sufficientes  carucarios  locis  de- 
functorum." 

^  i.  318:  "  Et  in  qualibet  sccunda  scptimana  anni,  i>noter  Natale  et  quinque 
septimanas  in  autumno,  habebit  aruram,  una  cum  una  caruca  Integra  sicut  villani 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  33 

From  the  extent  of  Shitlingdon  it  is  evident  that  in  the  thirteenth 
century  and  before,  the  lord  sometimes  hired  outside  labour  to  help 
plough  his  land.  "  There  is  no  one  in  the  vill,"  the  extent  states, 
"  nor  ever  has  been,  who,  to  defend  his  land,  goes  or  should  go  to 
the  ploughs  of  the  abbot.  Nevertheless,  if  any  virgater  or  other 
man  of  the  lord  abbot  should  wish,  on  account  of  poverty,  to  drive 
or  keep  the  lord's  ploughs,  he  shall  receive  wages  as  though  he  were 
a  hired  outsider.'" 

(6)  Miscellaneous  Works.  The  greater  part  of  the  remainder  of 
the  villein's  week  work  was  spent  in  miscellaneous  services  directly 
or  indirectly  connected  with  agriculture.  Beginning  at  Michaelmas 
Avhen  the  harvest  was  stored,  the  year's  work  was  generally  divided 
into  two  great  periods,  from  Michaelmas  to  the  Gules,  that  is,  the 
first  of  August,  the  beginning  of  harvest,  and  from  the  first  of  August 
to  Michaelmas  again.  Minor  divisions  were  often  made  in  each 
period.  On  many  ni^nors  week  work  was  counted  from  Michael- 
mas to  weeding,  fromjYeeding  tojiaying,  from  haying  to  harvest; 
occasionally  from  Michaelmas  to  Christmas  was  a  separate  period.^ 
In  harvest  time  the  feast  of  the  Nativity  of  the  Virgin  (September  8) 
sometimes  marked  a  division.^  The  lines  of  division  were  drawn 
according  to  the  number  of  days  of  work  a  week  required  from  the 
villein  in  each  period. 

The  number  of  days  of  work  a  week,  not  counting  the  Friday 
ploughing,  required  between  Michaelmas  and  the  Gules  of  August 
on  some  of  the  important  manors,  was  as  follows  : — In  Stukeley, 
Barton,  Girton,  Whiston,  Elton,  two  days,  Monday  and  Wednesday  ; 
in  Warboys,  Abbot's  Ripton,  Upwood,  and  Houghton,  three  days, 
Monday,  Tuesday,  and  Wednesday;  in  Cranfield,  Monday,  Tuesday, 
and  Thursday. 

In  Burwell,  Hemingford  and  King's  Ripton  the  villein  worked 
only  one  day  a  week  besides  ploughing.  In  S.  Ives  and  Shitling- 
don  the  system  was  more  complicated.     In  S.  Ives  a  villein  worked 

junguntur,  die  Veneris,  super  terram  suam.     Et  cum  plures  fuerint  carncarii,  ean- 
dem  habebunt  consuetudinem."    See  iii.  257. 

1  i.  473  :  "  Non  est  autem  aliquis  in  villa,  nee  unquara  consuevit,  qui  pro  terra 
sua  defendenda  ad  carucas  domini  Abbatis  eat,  nee  ire  debeat.  Verumtamen,  si 
quis  forte  virgatarius,  vel  alius  hominuni  domini  Abbatis,  propter  indigentiam, 
carucas  domini  voluerit  fugare,  vel  tenere,  accipiet  pro  stipendiis  tanquam  extra- 
neus  conductus,  et  terram  suam  sumptibus  propriis  defendet,  vel  operibus." 

2  i.  4G0,  492.  *  ii.  28. 

3 


34  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

in  one  week  four  days,  in  the  next  week  only  two  ;'  in  Shitlingdon 
he  worked  four  days,  Monday,  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  and  Thursday, 
in  every  third  week  ;  during  the  intervening  fortnight  he  worked  on 
Mondays  and  Wednesdays  only."  The  marked  increase  in  the  labour 
in  other  parts  of  the  year,  especially  at  weeding,  haying,  and  har- 
vest, will  be  discussed  in  connexion  with  the  boons. 

The  kind  of  work  performed  on  the  lord's  days  depended  neces- 
sarily  upon  the^ season  of  the  year.  Between  Michaelmas  and 
Christmas  iell  a  large  part  of  the  threshing  of  the  grain.  Each  vil- 
lein threshed  a  certain  number  of  sheaves,  sometimes  within  the 
lord's  curia,  sometimes  without.  In  Brancester  he  threshed  be- 
tween Michaelmas  and  Christmas,  and  again  between  Purification 
and  Easter,  three  quarters  of  whatever  kind  of  grain  the  bailiff 
wished,  and  for  this  service  he  received  a  loaf  of  moderate  size  and 
a  bundle  of  straw,  containing  no  more  than  he  could  carry  without 
dropping.  If  any  fell,  he  lost  the  straw  and  was  in  the  lord's  mercy. 
If  the  lord  did  the  threshing  himself,  that  is  to  say,  hired  labour  to 
do  it  for  him,  the  villein  paid  3  d.^  In  Therfield  the  villein  threshed 
or  ground  32  sheaves  of  wheat  inside  the  curia,  24  outside,  24  sheaves 
of  barley,  4  of  here,  24  of  beans,  6  of  peas  and  36  of  wheat.*  Early 
winter  or  late  fall  was  the  time  of  the  first  ploughing  of  the  year 
and  the  sowing  of  the  winter  wheat,  before  which  the  ground  was 
prepared  and  harrowed.  At  this  season,  too,  nuts,  ripened  in  the 
woods  of  the  manors,  were  collected,^  the  nut-gathering  at  Wistowe 


1  i.  288:  "  A  festo  etiam  Sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  Pentecosten  una  septimana 
operabitur  per  quatuor  dies,  et  die  quinta  arabit.  In  alia  septimana  per  duos  dies 
et  tenia  die  arabit  ;  a  Pentecoste  usque  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis,  qualibet  sep- 
timana continue  per  quatuor  dies  operabitur  et  quinta  die  arabit  .   .   .   .'' 

^  i.  460:  "  .  .  .  .  operabitur  ....  in  qualibet  septimana  per  duos  dies  Luna' 
et  Mercnrii,  excepto  quod  etiam  qualibet  tertia  septimana  operabitur  per  quatuor 

dies."  ... 

■^  i.  415:  "A  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  Natale,  quocunque  tempore  ei 
pr.Tceptum  fuerit,  triturabit  tria  quarteria  de  quocunque  genere  bladi  ballivus 
voluerit,  et  habebit  unum  panem  mediocris  quantitatis,  et  unum  fesciculum  stra- 
minis,  quantum  ipse  vel  socius  portare  poterit.  Ita  scilicet  quod  si  fesciculus  stra- 
minis  confringatur  infra  portam  curia?,  perdet  stramen,  et  erit  in  misericordia, 
prout  melius  tinire  poterit.     Et  si  dominus  voluerit,  quod  ipse  trituret,  tuncdabit 

pro  trituratione  tres  denarios Et  eodem   modo  triturabit  inter  Purifica- 

tionem  et  Pascha,  vel  dabit  tres  denarios."  *  i-  •I''- 

^  i.  30t» :  "  Et  si  nuccs  fuerint  abundantcs  in  bosco  abbatis,  colliget  unain  calli- 
gam  mediocris  quantitatis,  plenam  nucibus  bene  mundatis  .   ..   ."   See  also  i.  290. 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS,  35 

being  performed  regularly  on  holidays.'  About  Christmas  time  the 
villeins  made  malt  for  the  lord,  and  carried  it  to  Ramsey  to  be  ap- 
proved or  rejected  by  the  abbey  brewer.'^  Other  winter  works  were 
cutting  wood  or  underbrush,  and  gathering  rods,  reeds,  thorns,  and 
sticks  in  the  marshes.^  At  some  time  during  the  year  when  the 
frost  was  not  in  the  ground  the  villein  dug  ditches,  probably  in 
order  to  drain  the  waters  of  the  fens  from  the  fields.  New  ditches 
were  dug  in  unbroken  land,  and  old  ones  were  dug  over  again.  A 
ditch  in  new  land  in  Holywell  was  one  perch  long,  with  a  depth  of 
two  "spadegrafs"  and  a  width  at  the  top  of  five  feet  and  at  the 
bottom  of  one  foot.  An  old  ditch  was  two  perches  long,  and  the 
same  width  and  depth.*  Scattering  manure  was  another  winter 
service.^  In  the  spring,  usually  in  early  Lent,  the  second  plough- 
ing of  the  year,  and  the  sowing  of  barley  and  oats,  and  harrowing, 
occurred.  At  Easter  the  fair  of  S.  Ives  was  held,  and  during  fair 
time  certain  services  were  required  of  the  villeins  of  neighbouring 
manors.  Each  manor  owed  a  certain  number  of  watches  at  S.  Ives, 
a  list  of  which  is  found  in  the  court  roll  already  mentioned.*  The 
document,  headed  Villatce  o,d  nrma  jiiratce,  gives  the  names  of  the 
constables  and  the  number  of  watches  owed  by  each  manor. 
Broughton,  Ripton  Abbot's,  Hemingford  Abbot's,  and  Houghton 
owed  each  eight  watches,  Elsworth  and  Holywell  six,  Wodehurst 
and  Waldhirst  three,  and  Cnapwell  only  two.  The  number  owed 
by  Warboys  and  Wistowe  is  not  given.     If  the  S.  Ives  villein  kept 

^  i.  358:  "Etsinuces  fuerint  abundantes  in  boscis  de  Sunderlande  et  Rokes- 
grave,  colliget  etiam  in  eisdem  quartam  partem  unius  bnsselli  nucum  die  Decolla- 
tionis  Sancti  Johannis  Baptistae,  vel  alio  die  festivo,  si  dominus  voluerit." 

2  i.  300,  322,  357,  394,  432. 

*  i.  324:  "Si  secare  debeat,  que  reus  secabit  usque  ad  nonam."  i.  30ri,  432. 
i.  345:  ".  .  .  .  a  festo  ....  Sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  Hokeday  colliget  qua- 
tuor  fescicula  spinaruui,  et  portabit  ad  curiam  ;  et  post  Hokeday  colliget  quinque 
.  .  .  .  et  quotiens  coliigit  virgas  in  marisco,  sive  in  bosco,  portabit  quatuor  fesci- 
cula ad  propinquiorem  locum,  ubi  carrecta  curiae  sibi  facilius  poterit  occurrere  ;  et 
cum  ad  curiam  virgas  portaverit,  colliget  duo  fescicula,  quae  bene  mundabit ; 
eodem  modo  faciet  de  sudibus  colligendis  sicut  de  virgis  ad  clausturam  faciendam 
in  campis."     Cf  i.  310,  311,  325,  415. 

*  i.  299  :  "Si  fossare  debeat  in  plana  terra,  faciat  unam  perticam  fossati  pro  uno 
opere,  habentis  profunditatem  duorum  spadegrafs,  et  latitudinem  in  summitate 
quinque  pedum  et  in  fundo  unius  pedis.  Et  si  in  veteri  fossato  duas  perticatas 
faciat  ejusdem  latitudinis  et  profimditatis."  i.  288,  335,  486  and  elsewhere.  See 
also  Wells,  Bedford  Level,  Appendix.  *  i.  324,  476  and  elsewhere. 

6  Public  Eecord  Office,  Court  Rolls,  178/96. 


36  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

watch  the  night  before  a  work  day  he  was  excused  from  work  the 
next  day.^  Some  manors  owed  another  service  at  the  fair.  The 
Hemingford  villein  collected  in  the  wood  of  S.  Ives,  on  a  day  in 
Passion  Week  chosen  by  himself,  a  bundle  of  rods  or  thorns,  which 
he  carried  to  S.  Ives  to  help  enclose  the  fair.^  In  Wistowe  the  vil- 
lein collected  rods  on  Maundy  Thursday  and  on  the  morrow  of 
Easter,  to  make  hurdles  and  a  wall.  The  length  of  the  hurdle  made 
by  each  villein  was  nine  or  eleven  feet;  the  wall  was  required  to  ex- 
tend between  two  stall  posts.  The  gathering  of  rods,  thorns  and  reeds 
at  other  times  in  the  year  for  the  use  of  the  curia  was  an  important 
part  of  villein  labour.  Such  material,  gathered  in  the  woods  and 
marshes  and  often  removed  in  a  boat,  was  used  for  enclosures,  sheep- 
folds,  and  for  fences  round  the  curia  or  in  the  fields  to  keep  the  cat- 
tle off  the  arable.^  In  Houghton  a  virgater  paid  a  bundle  of  rods 
and  a  bundle  of  thorns  whenever  demanded ;  with  the  thorns  he 
made  enclosures  at  any  time  when  necessary,  with  the  rods  he  made 
enclosures  from  Hokeday  to  Michaelmas.*  The  washing  and  shear- 
ing of  the  sheep  in  early  summer  was  usually  done  by  the  lord's 
own  servants  or  by  hired  labour.  When  performed  by  the  villeins 
it  was  regarded  as  a  favour  on  their  part,  though,  probably,  a  favour 
that  could  not  well  be  refused.  The  Holywell  villein  sent  one  man 
to  shear  ex  gratia,  f  the  Warboys  villein  in  the  twelfth  century  re- 
ceived 4  d.^  for  shearing.  On  Norfolk  manors,  where  sheep  farming 
was  most  extensive,  guarding  the  lord's  fold  was  as  important  a  duty 
as  guarding  the  lord's  plough.    When  the  Ringsted  villein  guarded 


'  i.  290  :  ....  "  quotiens  etiam  vigilaverit  in  feria  vel  alio  tempore  ad  latrones 
custodiendos,  quietus  ab  opere  fuerit,  in  crastino  illius  noctis"     See  also  i.  301. 

2  i.  290,  301,  347,  359.  Compare  i.  366:  "In  nundinis  Sanoti  Ivonis  claudent 
villata?  de  Iloughtone  et  de  Wythone  medium  parietem  in  ordine  franc'  contra 
Leycestriam,  et  facient  deyas  ad  aperturas  seldarum  de  Leycestria  versus  aquil- 
onem  ;  et  colligent  virgas  ad  idem,  ubi  provisum  fuerit  a  ballivo  abbatis.  Ita 
scilicet  quod  virgas  colligere  debent  ad  diem  proprium,  et  claudere  ad  diem  fir- 
marii."  Mii.  312 ;  i.  416. 

*  i.  367  :  "Qua-iibet  etiam  virgata  colliget  nnum  fesciculum  de  spinis,  et  idem 
faciei  sepeni  vel  clausturam  singulis  temjioribus  anni,  cum  necessc  fuerit.  Et  col- 
iget,  similiter,  unum  fesciculum  de  virgis  singulis  teniporibus  anni.  Sod  non  faciet 
sepem  vel  clausturam  de  virgis,  nisi  ab  Hokeday  us<iue  ad  festum  S.  Michaelis.''  .   . 

*  i.  302:  "  Et  si  dominus  voluerit,  super  tempore  tonsionis  Indentium  ut  sin- 
guli  eorum  mittent  aliquem  de  suis  ex  gratia  ad  bidentes  lavandos  et  tondendos." 

*  iii.  256:  "  Et  lavat  oves  abbatis,  et  tondet,  et  habet  quatuor  deuarios,  cum 
sociis  suis."     Compare  tbe  Washyngpens  of  the  Wistowe  Kolls. 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  37 

the  fold  he  received  as  wages  one  acre  and  a  rod  of  grain,  the  third 
best  lamb  from  the  fold,  and  the  best  fleece  from  the  lord's  fleeces. 
He  might  have  a  fold  on  his  own  land  during  the  fifteen  days  before 
Christmas,  the  fifteen  days  of  Christmas,  and  the  fifteen  days  after 
Christmas.^  The  obligation  to  fold  sheep  in  the  lord's  fold  was 
usually  a  sign  of  servile  tenure ;  free  tenants  and  most  tenants  ad 
censum  had  their  own  folds.^  In  other  counties  all  strangers,  at  least, 
and  those  that  held  no  land  in  the  vill,  were  obliged  to  keep  their 
sheep  in  the  abbot's  fold,^  a  requirement  extended  in  Abbot's  Rip- 
ton  to  cottars  and  those  that  held  no  land  in  the  arable,*  in  S.  Ives 
to  those  that  held  no  land  in  the  Street  of  the  Bridge.^ 

(c)  Carting. — A  villein's  carrying  service,  or  carting,  was  usually 
included  in  his  week  work.  Carting  was  of  two  kinds — to  points 
within  the  manor  and  to  points  outside  it.  Carting  within  the 
manor  was  part  of  the  routine  of  agriculture.  Rushes,  thorns,  and 
rods  cut  in  the  woods  and  marshes  were  carted  to  the  curia,  or  car- 
ried there  by  boat,  if  necessar}^®  and  loads  of  hay  and  crops'  were 
brought  in  to  be  stored.  Carrying  service  beyond  the  manor  was 
the  villein's  chief  means  of  communication  with  the  outside  world, 
and  is  therefore  important.  The  extents  distinguish  between  "long 
carriages  "  and  "  short  carriages."*  Short  carriages  to  adjoining 
manors,  markets,^  or  mills^"  were  due  from  the  villeins  on  every 

^  i.  408  :  "  Si  dominus  voluerit,  cnstodiet  faldam  suam,  vel  sequetur  carucam 
suam,  et  tunc  quietus  erit  de  praedictis  operibus  ;  et  si  custodierit  faldam,  habebit 
pro  stipendiis  suisduossolidos,  et  unain  acram  siliginis,  et  unam  rodam  hordei,  de 

meliori  siligine  et  hordeo  post  femicium Habebit  etiani  tertiuni  agnum 

meliorem  de  falda  et  melius  vellus  de  velleribus  domini.  Et  habebit  faldam  super 
terram  propriam  per  quindecim  dies  ante  Natale,  et  per  quindecim  dies  Natalis, 
et  per  quindecim  dies  post  Natale."     Compare  i.  495. 

'^  Compare  Edward  the  Confessor's  charter  of  liberties  in  Norfolk,  i.  219  :  "  And 
ealle  tha  men  tha  beon  motwurthi,  ferthwurthi  and  faldwurthi  .  .  .  ."  and  see 
Maitland,  Domesday  Book  and  Beyond,  76,  77. 

^  i.  ;i08  :  .  .  .  "omnes  bidentes  extraneorum,  et  eorum  de  villata  terram  non 
habentium,  jacebnnt  in  falda  domini,  et  non  alibi."     See  i.  343  and  elsewhere. 

*  i.  321:  .  .  .  "bidentes  cottariorum  et  extraneorum  terram  in  campis  non 
habentium,  alibi  quam  in  falda  domini  non  jacebnnt." 

^  i.  284  :  .  .  .  "  bidentes  extraneorum  et  eorum,  qui  terram  non  habent  in  vico 
pontis,  jacere  debent  in  falda  abbatis  et  non  alibi." 

«  i.  3.58,  M66,  394,  432,  476.         '  i.  289,  311,  346,  and  elsewhere.         «  i.  462. 

®  i.  477  :  "  Faciet  etiam  averagia  ad  vicina  mercata,  vel  alibi  prope,  qiiando 
dominus  voluerit,  et  computabitur  pro  opere  unius  diei." 

^^  i.  290  :  "Ducetunam  ringam  frumenti  ad  molendinum  de  Houcthtone  ;  qnam 
unus  cottarius  de  Sancto  Ivone  custodiet  salvo,  quousque  illud  frumentum  re- 


38  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    KAMSEY    MANORS. 

manor,  the  time  and  destination  of  such  carriages  being  left  to  the 
will  of  the  lord.^  Ramsey,  only  a  short  carriage  from  most  manors, 
was  the  common  destination  of  the  villeins.  Here  were  brought 
the  fortnightly  or  weekly  farms,^  and  numerous  loads  of  hay^  and 
measures  of  malt/  In  Hemingford,  during  every  week  while  the 
grain  lasted,  the  villeins  carried  a  load  to  Ramsey  or  elsewhere.^ 
From  Chatteris  in  Cambridgeshire  carriage  by  water  was.  made  to 
Ramsey  four  times  in  the  year.*  On  arrival  at  Ramsey  the  villein 
often  received  some  compensation  for  his  labour,  usually  food  for 
himself  and  fodder  for  his  horses.  When  the  villata  of  Therfield 
carried  in  common  to  Ramsey  each  villein  was  freed  from  work  for 
two  days,  received  bread  and  ale,  and,  at  the  pleasure  of  the  cel- 
larer, either  fish,  eggs,  cheese,  or  meat.'  In  short  carriages  the  vil- 
lein usually  went  alone  with  his  own  cart  and  horse ;  occasionally 
he  joined  with  one  or  more  other  villeins  to  furnish  a  cart  and 
horses.  On  more  distant  carriages  the  villein  always  joined  with 
others;  in  Broughton  he  was  one  of  six  virgaters  to  cart  to  London 
and  elsewhere.*  Long  carriages  are  mentioned  in  most  of  the  ex- 
tents. London,  Cambridge,  St.  Albans,  and  Bury  St.  Edmunds  were 
among  the  most  frequent  destinations.  From  Broughton  villeins 
carried  to  London,  Shitlingdon  or  more  distant  places;  from  Shitling- 
don  long  carriages  were  made  between  Michaelmas  and  the  first  of 
August  to  London,  St.  Albans,  and  Cambridge.®  Carriage  to  Lon- 
don was  made  also  from  Barton'"  and  Cranfield,''  the  Cranfield  vil- 

dactum  fuerit  in  farinatn,  quam  post  modnm  .  .  .  recipiet  ibidem  et  ducet  apud 
Rameseiam.  VA  si  illud  cariagium  fiat  per  diem  suum  operabilem,  alind  opus  ab 
ipso  eodem  die  non  exigetur." 

'  i.  325,  394,  and  elsewhere. 

^  i.  488  :  "  Item  omnes  operarii  carriabunt  quicquid  pertinet  ad  firraam  Rame- 
sejae,  cariando  debito  tempore,  prater  gallinas,  reeentem  caseum  et  ova."  iii.  310  : 
"Etportabit  firman  Abbatis  ad  Rameseiam,  cum  custamento  suo,  quotiens  fir- 
marius  voluerit."  ^  i.  29it,  324,  346,  357,  and  elsewhere. 

*  i.  323,  345,  357,  and  elsewhere.  ^  i.  384.  «  i.  432. 

'  i.  40.     See  also  i.  4G2. 

"  i.  330  :  "  Si  apud  Londoniam,  Shitlyngdone,  vel  alibi  in  tara  longinquis  parti- 
bus,  ipse  et  quinque  virgatarii  facient  unum  averagium  cum  equo  uno  ;  et  erunt 
(juieti  ab  omni  opere  quousque  domi  redeant."  .... 

**  i.  4(52:  "  Faciet  etiam  duodecim  averagia  infra  festum  Sancti  Michaeliset 
(iulam  Augusti,  qua?  longa  appellantur,  apud  liOndoniam,  Sanctum  Albanum,  et 
(.'antebrigiain  ;  et  pro  quolibet  averagio  habcbunt  averantes  quatuor  denarius  de 
consuetiuliue.  .  .  .  Summaginm  autem,  tam  longi  averagii  quam  curti,  cujuslibet 
generis  bladi,  erit  diinidiuiii  quartei'ium  de  manerio." 

'«  i.  476.  '1  ii.  17. 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  39 

lein  being  free  from  work  for  a  fortnight  afterwards.  From  Ther- 
field  carters  went  to  London,  Cambridge  and  Ware,  from  Holywell 
to  Burwell,  or  Reach,  or  to  Colchester,  Ipswich,  or  Bury/  In  Cran- 
field  and  Therfield  the  villata  went  sometimes  together,  that  is,  all 
at  the  same  time,  making  thus  a  full  (plenum)  carriage  to  London 
or  Ramsey,  each  villein  receiving  some  compensation.^  A  villein  of 
Abbot's  Ripton  was  paid  by  those  remaining  at  home  when  he  made 
carriage  beyond  the  water  of  S.  Ives  and  Huntingdon  f  and  so  the 
Barton  villeins,  whenever  they  made  carriage  to  sell  corn,  received  A 
penny.'*  In  Burwell  a  villein  was  liable  to  carry  to  any  point  within 
twenty  leagues  of  the  manor,  either  carting  his  load  or  carrying  it  on 
his  back.^  As  a  rule,  carriage  on  the  back  (super  dorsum)  was  limited 
to  the  cottars  and  lesser  holders.  The  amount  of  the  load  to  be 
carried  thus  is  usually  defined,  and  it  is  also  stated  whether  the  car- 
riage should  count  for  a  day's  work  or  not.  Custom  in  the  latter 
case  seems  to  have  varied  somewhat,  but,  as  a  rule,  carriage  counted 
for  week  work,  especially  if  it  occurred  on  a  work  day.  Occasion- 
ally carriages  for  other  than  agricultural  purposes  are  mentioned. 
A  freeholder  in  Bythorn  was  liable,  in  the  twelfth  century,  to  carry 
the  abbot's  letters  through  the  county  and  to  Northampton.* 

Precarise  or  boon-services,  the  second  great  division  of  the  labour 
obligations  of  the  villeins,  were  almost  universally  required  on 
Ramsey  manors  in  the  thirteenth  century.  The  chief  boons  were: 
(a)  those  required  at  certain  periods  of  the  year  to  complete  the 
ploughing  of  the  demesne,  and  (h)  those  required  at  harvest  to  reap 
and  gather  in  the  crops.  The  autumn  boons  are  much  more  fully 
described  in  the  extents  than  the  boon  ploughings. 

Boon  ploughings  (precarias  carucarum).  The  boon  ploughings  were 
not  incidental  services  occurring  only  when  the  week  work  proved 
insufficient,  but  were  necessary  and  fixed  aids  to  the  ploughing  of  the 
demesne.  It  is  usually  stated  in  the  extents  that  the  demesne  of  the 
abbot  requires  for  its  cultivation  its  own  ploughs,  the  customary 

1  iii.  282.  ^  i.  45,  46 ;  ii.  17,  18. 

•^  i.  325  :  "  Et  quotiens  ultra  aquam  Sancti  Ivonis,  vel  Huntyngdone,  averagium 
faciat,  habebit  uniuii  denarium  de  illis  qui  domi  remanent."  *  i.  476. 

^  i.  50  :  .  .  .  "et  debet  averare  per  viginti  leucas  circa  mauerium  domini  ad 
voluntatein  domini,  tam  per  averia  sua,  quara  per  pedes ;  et  si  pernoctet,  dominus 
inveniet  sibi  et  aiJro  suo  sustentationem."  .... 

®  iii.  313:  .  .  .  "  portabat  brevia  abbatis,  et  praesenta,  per  comitatum,  et 
usque  ad  Norhamtonam."     Compare  i.  494. 


40  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

ploughing  of  the  villata  (i.e.,  the  weekly  ploughing)  and  boon  plough- 
ings/  Although  the  number  of  such  boons  varied  on  different  ma- 
nors, and  was  left  in  some  cases  to  the  will  of  the  lord,'  yet  as  a  rule 
the  tenant  ploughed  a  certain  number  of  acres  or  rods,  or  it  may  be 
during  a  certain  number  of  days,  three  times  a  year.  The  first  of  these 
special  ploughings  fell  in  early  winter,  ad  hybernagium  or  in  hyemale, 
the  second  in  early  spring,  ad  tramesiavi,  and  the  third  in  summer, 
ad  warredum.^  In  one  instance  the  periods  of  the  ploughings  are 
more  accurately  defined ;  a  villein  was  to  plough  about  the  time  of 
the  feast  of  Saint  Martin  (November  11),  about  mid-Lent,  and  about 
the  time  of  the  feast  of  Saint  John  Baptist  (June  24).  The  plough- 
ings were  called  lovebones.*  On  the  manor  of  Aylington  (Elton) 
the  periods  of  the  ploughing  were  a  little  different.  Both  the  Hun- 
dred Rolls  and  the  Chartulary  mention  on  this  manor  a  boon  plough- 
ing about  Christmas  time  as  well  as  the  one  in  November.^  The 
winter  ploughing  about  Martinmas  took  place  at  the  sowing  of 
wheat  (fmmentum),  the  ploughing  ad  tram.esiam  in  the  spring,  at  the 
sowing  of  barley  and  oats ;  the  ploughing  ad  warredum  may  have 
been  a  stirring  of  the  field  ploughed  in  the  spring  and  left  fallow.^ 
If  the  three  field  system  prevailed,  there  would  be,  then,  one  field 
sown  in  early  winter  with  wheat  to  be  reaped  in  the  fall,  a  second 
field  sown  in  the  spring  with  barley  and  oats  to  be  reaped  in  the 
fall,  and  a  third  field  lying  in  fallow. 

1  i.  331  :  "Dorainicum  Abbatis  de  Broughtone  .  .  .  cum  consuetudinibus 
villse,  et  duabus  precariis  carucarum  vel  tribns,  possimt  quatuor  carucse  snfBcienter 
lucrari."     For  similar  statements  see  i.  282,  304,  353,  and  elsewhere. 

■^  i.  324:  "Precariam  carucarum  faciei,  quotiens  sibi  prsEcipiatnr,  ad  diem 
domini  in  septimana,  ad  cibum  domini."     .     . 

M.  441 :"  Arabit  ter  per  annum,  .  .  .  scilicet  in  hyerae,  Quadragesima  et 
sestate  in  quolibet  tempore  serainis."  ii.  11:  "  Arat  tres  lovebones  ;  et  unam  ad 
hybernagium,  aliam  ad  tramesium,  tertiam  ad  warrectum." 

*  i.  50  :  "  Et  debet  tres  aruras  per  annum,  videlicet,  circa  festum  Sancti  Martini 
et  circa  mediam  Quadragesimam,  et  circa  festum  Sancti  Johannis  Baptistse,  et  vo- 
cantur  lovebones." 

*  i.  488 :  "Tota  villata  .  .  .  facient  precarias  cum  canica  circa  festum 
Sancti  Michaelis  ad  cibum  domini.  Et  si  dominus  opus  habuerit,  aliam  precariam 
contra  Natale."  Rot.  Huml,  ii.  (JoT  :  "  Veniet  ad  tres  precarias  carucanun  si 
dominus  voluerit,  serael  post  festum  Sancti  Michaelis,  secundum  qua  Natale,  tertio 
post  Pascham  ad  cibum  domini." 

•*  i.  296:  .  .  .  "et  arabit  etiam  per  annum,  scilicet  ad  semen  frunienti 
nnam  acram,  ad  semen  hordei  unara  acram,  et  tempore  warrecti  unam  acram." 
See  also  i.  343,  346. 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  41 

A  widespread  custom  on  the  manors  was  that  the  tenant  should 
SOW  with  his  own  seed  whatever  he  ploughed  ad  hybernagium.  At 
the  Lent-ploughing,  on  the  other  hand,  he  sowed  with  the  lord's 
seed/  The  seed  furnished  by  the  tenant  himself  was  called  benesed,^ 
and  in  one  case  was  paid  for  by  a  sheaf  of  corn — as  much  as  could 
be  tied  with  one  strand — given  him  the  next  harvest  from  the  land 
he  had  ploughed  and  sown  the  preceding  fall.^ 

It  is  difficult  to  determine  how  often  at  the  boon-ploughings  the 
lord  observed  the  custom,  universal  at  the  harvest-boons,  of  provid- 
ing food  for  the  workers.  Most  of  the  custom aries,  in  their  brief 
descriptions  of  boon-ploughings,  pass  over  the  matter  in  silence.  In 
the  few  cases  where  it  is  mentioned  the  lord  usually  provided  the 
food." 

The  Wistowe  account  rolls  contain  some  additional  information 
concerning  the  number  of  ploughs  used  in  a  precorin  on  that  manor 
and  the  food  received  from  the  lord.  The  roll  for  1297^  shows  two 
boon-ploughings,  one  of  twenty -seven  ploughs,  the  other  of  eighteen. 

*  i.  384:  .  .  .  "Arabit  unam  rodam  hybernagium  et  seminabit  frumento 
proprio  ;  arabit  etiam  ad  tramesiam  unam  rodam  ad  avenam,  et  seminabit  illam 
avena  domini."  See  also  iii.  276:  "  Et  in  hieme  .  .  .  arat  unam  rodam,  et 
seminat  illam  cum  semine  suo  :  et  in  Quadragesima  similiter,  unam  rodam  sine 
semine." 

^  i.  461:  "In  tempore  vero  hyemali  de  consuetudine  arabit  unam  rodam,  et 
proprio  semine,  quod  dicitur  benesed,  seminabit." 

'  i.  399  :  "  Ad  hybernagium  seminabunt  duo  terram  tenentes  unam  rodam  de 
frumento  proprio,  et  habebunt  singuli  eorum  in  autumno  sequenti  unam  garbam 
de  eodem  frumento,  quantum  poterit  ligare  uno  ligamine,  pro  suo  semine.'' 

*  For  exceptions  see  i.  441  :  "  Arabit  ter  per  annum  .  .  .  in  hyerae,  Quad- 
ragesima, et  aestate  ...  ad  cibum  proprium."  i.  475  :  "  Qua?libet  caruca 
arabit  ad  cibum  proprium  unum  sellionem  ...  ad  hybernagium  .  .  .  et 
vocabitur  beneerthe." 

In  a  few  cases  the  amount  and  kind  of  food  furnished  by  the  lord  is  specified. 
In  Brancester,  for  instance  (i.  415) :  "  ad  hybernagium  .  .  .  habebit  qua?libet 
caruca  pro  singulis  aruris  tres  panes  debitae  quantitatis  et  decem  allecia.  Ad 
tramesiam  .  .  .  sicut  ad  hybemiagium."  In  Houghton  (i.  366)  the  villeins 
ploughed  "ad  cibum  domini,  et  si  eos  non  pascat,  non  arabunt."  The  tenants 
received,  in  this  case,  three  farthings  for  each  day's  ploughing  ad  tramesiam  and 
ad  warrectum.  In  Ringsted  a  villein  ploughing  after  All  Saints  received  pasture  in 
the  croft  until  the  middle  of  the  following  March,  i.  406  :  "  Faciet  unam  aru- 
ram  una  die  post  festum  Omnium  Sanctorum,  cum  quot  capitibus  habet  in  caruca 
et  pro  ilia  habebit  pasturam  in  crofta,  ita  tamen  quod  custodiat  averia  sua  a  damno 
domini  usque  ad  medietatem  Martii."  This  seems  to  correspond  to  the  graserth 
ploughings  of  other  chartularies.  *  Appendix,  p.  8. 


42  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

The  food  received  by  the  workers  was  valued  at  15s.  Id.,  and  con- 
sisted chiefly  of  bread,  ale  and  fish.  In  1324'  there  was  one  precaria 
of  twent}^  ploiijjjhs  with  eighty  men  receiving  food.  In  135P  there 
were  two  precarlas,  each  of  twenty-four  ploughs,  in  the  time  of  fallow 
(warectatio),  two  precarise,  each  of  twenty-four  ploughs,  in  the  time  of 
reploughing  (rehinatio),  and  one  precaria  of  twenty-three  ploughs  in 
the  time  of  the  second  reploughing.  In  1368^  there  was  one  precaria 
of  twenty  ploughs,  each  plough  with  three  men  and  twenty-one 
famuli,  a  second  and  a  third  of  twenty-one  ploughs  each,  with  the 
same  workers.  The  roll  of  1466*  shows  five  precarise,  of  which  three 
were  antiquse  and  had  each  fifteen  ploughs  with  two  men,  besides 
famuli  and  others,  and  two  were  novse  and  had  each  fourteen  ploughs 
with  two  men,  besides  famuli  and  others.  The  boon  ploughings  in 
Wistowe  must  have  been  a  heavj'  obligation. 

Harvest-Boons  {-precarise  autumni).  The  harvest  l^egan  about  the 
first  of  August  and  lasted  on  into  September.  During  this  time  all 
the  crops  on  the  demesne  were  cut,  stacked,  carried  to  the  manor- 
house,  and  stored  in  the  grange.  To  meet  the  pressure  of  work  as 
far  as  might  be,  it  was  the  custom  on  many  manors  to  largely  in- 
crease the  week-work.  Where  during  the  rest  of  the  year  the  vil- 
lein had  worked  perhaps  three  days  in  the  week,  during  harvest  he 
worked  five  days,  that  is  to  say,  every  day  but  Saturday.^  Not 
only  was  the  number  of  his  days  increased,  but  also  the  number  of 
men  he  furnished  to  work  on  those  days.  If  during  the  rest  of  the 
year  he  had  worked  alone  or  furnished  a  man  to  work  in  his  place, 
during  harvest  he  furnished  two  or  more  men.  On  one  manor  he 
worked  every  day  in  the  week  with  one  man,  or  every  other  day 
with  two  men.®  In  many  cases  reaping  was  substituted  for  his 
weekly  ploughing.  In  the  face  of  this  large  amount  of  work  for  the 
lord  it  is  difficult  to  see  how  a  villein's  own  harvesting  was  accom- 
plished. References  to  such  harvesting  are  rare ;  such  as  there 
are  go  to  show,  however,  that  there  were  a  number  of  working  men 
in  every  household  not  all  of  whom  would  be  required  by  the  lord. 

^  Appendix,  p.  56.  *  Appendix,  p.  61. 

'  Appendix,  p.  77.  *  Appendix,  p.  94. 

*  See,  for  instance,  on  the  manor  of  S.  Ives,  i.  288  ;  Warboys,  i.  310  ;  Broughton, 
i.  335  ;  Upwood,  i.  345  ;  Barton,  i.  475. 

®  i.  299  :  "...  a  Gula  Augusti,  quolibet  altero  die  hebdomadee,  quain[diu] 
messis  durabit,  inveniet  duos  homines,  vel  (juolibet  altero  die  septimo  pro  volun- 
tate  domini  inveniet  unum  hominem,  excepto  Sabbato." 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  43 

In  Hemingford'  all  the  men  of  the  vill  were  required  to  aid  the 
Jinnarius  with  his  harvest,  but  not  until  they  had  finished  their  own 
reaping.  Again  on  the  same  manor  a  tenant  went  to  the  precarioe 
with  all  that  reaped  on  his  own  land. 

A  simple  increase  in  the  week-work,  however,  was  not  sufficient 
for  the  reaping.  As  in  ploughing,  so  in  harvesting,  the  lord  depended 
largely  on  special  services.  In  autumn  the  days  on  which  such 
services  were  rendered  were  called  bene-,  or  boon-days.  The  number 
of  these  days,  although  occasionally  left  to  the  will  and  discretion 
of  the  lord,  was  usually  fixed  for  every  manor.  In  the  large  num- 
ber of  cases  three  such  days,  or  two  and  a  third  if  necessary,  were 
appointed  ;  sometimes  as  many  as  four  might  be  required,''  the  time 
of  their  occurrence  depending  upon  the  ripeness  of  the  grain  and  the 
state  of  the  weather.  An  advantage  of  boon  services  over  week-work 
lay  in  the  fact  that  the  days  for  boon  services  were  not  irrevocably 
fixed,  but  could  be  appointed  when  it  seemed  best  to  the  lord.  In 
one  extent,  the  times  at  which  they  would  best  occur  are  stated.^  The 
first  was  to  fall,  if  possible,  in  the  third  week  of  harvest,  that  is, 
usually,  the  third  week  in  August ;  the  second  in  the  fourth  week, 
and  the  third  in  the  fifth  week.  Of  these  the  first,  or  "  great  preca- 
ria,^^  was  the  most  important.  The  villein  furnished  more  men  to 
it  than  to  the  others,*  and  in  many  cases  it  was  the  only  precaria 
attended  by  the  wealthier  tenants,  the  censuarii.  On  the  manor  .of 
Houghton  all  in  the  vill  that  could  work  except  the  free  went  to  the 
first  p-ecar/rt,  to  the  second  and  third  all  that  held  lands,  with  all 
the  efficient  members  of  their  families  except  their  wives.* 

Since  the  greater  part  of  the  labour  of  the  harvest-boons  fell  to  the 
villein,  the  customaries  describe  his  duties  in  detail.  He  went  to  the 
fields  himself  with  all  his  family  except  his  wife  or  some  one  who 

^  iii.  311  :  "  Et  si  homines  villse  citius  compleverint  messionem  suam  quam  fir- 
marius,  omnes  venient  et  adjuvabunt  cum  cotidie. " 

^  i.  56  :  .  .  .  "debet  quatuor  preoarias  in  autumno,  vel  plus  ad  voluntatem 
domini."     See  also  i.  811,  377. 

^  i.  463  :  "In  tertia  septimana  ...  in  qua,  si  commode  possit  fieri,  erit  magna 
precaria  messis.  In  quarta  hebdomada  .  .  .  erit  secunda  precaria  .  .  .  in  quinta 
septimana  ...  in  qua,  si  necesse  fuerit,  poterit  esse  una  precaria." 

*  i.  447:  .  .  .  "  veniet  ad  magnam  precariam  cum  tota  familia,  quae  potest  ope- 
rari.     Ad  secundam  inveniet  duos  homines.     Ad  tertiam  unum  hominem." 

^  i.  367  :  "  Praeterea,  si  firmarius  facere  voluerit  tres  precarias  in  autumno,  ad 
primam  illaruni  venient  quotquot  sunt  in  villa,  qui  operari  poterunt,  praeter 
liberos  ad  illam  ;  etiam  et  ad  duas  alias  veniet  quilibet  terram  tenens,  cum  tota 
familia  quae  operari  potest,  praeter  uxorem." 


44  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

stayed  at  home  to  guard  the  liouse.  If  he  were  ill  he  remained 
at  home,  his  wife  either  remaining  with  him  to  tend  him,  or  going 
herself  to  the  fields  in  his  place. ^  In  one  case  he  might,  if  he  wished, 
stay  at  home  himself,  provided  he  furnished  four  men  to  work.^ 

Some  additional  light  is  thrown  on  the  number  of  labourers  in  the 
harvest-boons  by  the  Wistowe  rolls.  In  each  of  the  two  autumn 
precarise  of  1351,^  102  workmen  received  as  food  from  the  lord  two 
cows,  six  rings  (?".e.  24  bushels)  of  wheat,  five  rings  of  barley,  eight 
cheeses  and  two  geese.  In  1368*  there  was  one  precarin  of  ninety-one 
workers  (operarii),  beside  eighteen  famuli  and  others,  for  which  6  s. 
10  d.  worth  of  food  was  bought,  and  ten  bushels  of  wheat,  eight 
buvshels  of  barle}'  and  one  goose  were  taken  from  the  stock  of  the 
manor.  In  the  roll  of  1466*  one  precaria  is  mentioned  of  sixtj'^ 
workers.  On  many  manors  the  food  was  distributed  according  to  a 
set  system,  the  kind  received  varying  regularly  on  difi'erent  boon- 
days.  As  a  rule,  but  one  meal  a  day  was  provided,  "  nonemetes," 
but  there  are  occasional  references  to  food  received  at  vespers  also.* 
At  the  first  precaria  bread,  cheese,  smoked,  fresh,  or  salted  meat,  ale 
&nd potagium,  a  kind  of  drink  made  principally  from  beans  and  peas, 
were  distributed  to  the  workers  ;  at  the  second,  bread,  cheese  and 
fish,  usually  herring.  On  several  manors  (Hemmingford,  Stuke- 
ley,  and  Barton)  meat  was  received  at  the  second  precaria  as  well 
as  at  the  first.  On  the  third  boon-day  the  same  food  was  distributed 
as  on  the  first,  and  on  the  fourth,  if  there  were  a  fourth,  the  same  as 
on  the  second.'     The  food  was  graduated  according  to  this  system 

^i.  3.%:  "  Ad  omnes  etiam  precarias  autiimni  veniet  ipse  vel  uxor  ejus,  cum 
tot  operariis  quot  habet ;  et  si  minus  quam  tres  operarios  habeat,  alter  eorura 
operabitur,  et  si  plures,  deferet  virgam  ultra  suos  operarios  etnon  uxor  ;  et  si  ipse 
infirmetur,  uxor  ejus  douii  remanebit  ad  ipsura  custodiendum  ;  et  nihilomiuus 
omnes  operarios  mittet  ad  precariara." 

^  i.  oOO  :  "  Et  sciendum,  quod  quotiens  invenit  quatuor  homines,  bene  licet  ei 
domui  remanere,  si  voluerit." 

^  Ai)pendix,  p.  (53.  *  Appendix,  p.  79.  ^  Appendix,  p.  96. 

"i.40"):  "Ad  vesperani  liabebit  duos  l)illinges  et  caseura,  vel  duo  allecia."  i. 
414  :  "  Habebunt  singuli  ad  vesperam  duos  panes,  et  duo  allecia,  vel  ca.seum." 

'  i.  300  :  "Veniet  etiam  ad  priraam  precariam  in  autumno  cum  quatuor  honii- 
nibus,  et  habebunt  panem,  servisiam,  potagium,  carnem  et  caseum  ;  et  duo  liomines 
habebunt  tres  panes  ita  quod  quantitas  panis  unius  duobus  ad  prandium  sufficiat  ; 
et  panis  erit  de  frumento  et  siligine,  ita  quod  major  pars  sit  frumentum.  Veniet 
autem  ad  secundam  precariam,  sicuti  ad  priniam,  (jua>  erit  ad  panem,  potagium, 
aquam,  allecia  et  caseum  ;  ...  ad  tertiam  autem  precariam  veniet  sicuti  ad  pri- 
mam,  si  dominus  voluerit ;  ad  quam  habebunt  in  omnibus  sicut  ad  primam."  See 
also  i.  337,  324. 


TOHHIVERSIT  i 

COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  45 

on  almost  all  the  manors,  the  most  striking  exception  being  at 
Barnwell,  in  Norfolk,  Avhere  at  the  first  precaria,  or  "  bedryp  "  as  it 
was  called  there,  bread,  fish  and  water  were  received,  at  the  second 
bread,  meat  and  ale/ 

Extra  Boon-Services.  The  food  provided  at  the  harvest  precarias 
seems  in  origin  to  represent  the  thanks  of  the  lord  for  the  special 
services  performed  by  the  tenants  at  his  request.  By  the  thirteenth 
century,  however,  the  giving  of  food  had  become  an  obligation  to 
which  the  lord  was  as  much  bound  as  were  the  tenants  to  the  ren- 
dering of  boon-services.  This  transformation  of  a  voluntary  gift 
into  an  obligation  gave  rise  to  a  new  group  of  boon-services  by 
means  of  which  the  lord  probably  tried  to  recompense  himself  for 
the  food  he  gave  to  the  tenants.  In  the  extents  of  the  thirteenth 
century  there  is  frequent  reference  to  extra  days  of  service  demanded 
as  a  return  for  the  food  given  at  the  regular  harvest  j)recar?'«.  There 
is  no  evidence  to  show  that  such  days  were  demanded  after  the 
boon-ploughings,  perhaps  because  the  food  received  at  those  times 
was  a  less  considerable  factor  and  bore  less  heavily  as  an  obligation 
upon  the  lord.  These  extra  services  are  called  in  most  of  the  ex- 
tents lovebones.  The  term  lovebone  is  not  limited  to  extra  services 
of  this  kind,  but  is  applied  to  any  service,  outside  the  regular  work, 
performed  at  the  need  and  demand  of  the  lord.  It  is  worthy  of 
note,  however,  that  although  usually  given  to  the  boon  ploughings, 
it  is  never  used  for  the  ordinary  harvest  precarise.  The  lovebone 
after  the  harvest  precarisn  fell,  as  a  rule,  on  the  morrow  of  the  first 
boon-day,  but  occasionally  it  was  rendered  at  the  worker's  own 
pleasure.^  The  service  was  avowedly  to  pay  for  the  food  received 
at  the  precarise.  On  such  occasions  the  villein  providing  his  own 
food  worked  in  person  or  furnished  a  man  to  work  to  pay  for  the 
food  received  from  the  lord  on  the  preceding  day.^  In  S.  Ives,  if 
the  precaria  fell  before  the  first  of  August,  the  villein  worked  on  the 
morrow  with  one  man  ;  if  after  the  first  of  August,  he  worked  with 

M.  49  :  ...  "  primum  bederipe  cum  pane,  allece  et  aqua  ;  et  alium  bene 
faciet  sine  cibo,  et  alium  bederipe,  si  placet  domino  ;  sed  secundum  bederipe  cum 
pane,  carne  et  cervisia  ;  et  inveniet  sibi  et  familiae  suse  unum  ciphum  ad  potan- 
dum  dum  comedit,  et  feret  secum  domui  suae  plenum  ciphum  suum  de  cervisia, 
quamvis  sit  de  una  lagena   ..." 

^i.  399:  .  .  .  "etad  diem  proprium  mittet  quilibet  unum  hominem  ad  me- 
tendum,  ad  reddendum  cibum  pracariaj." 

^  i.  300  :  "  Et  inveniet  unum  hominem  in  crastinum  ad  reddendum  cibum  diei 
prsecedentis."     See  also  i.  289,  311,  368,  395. 


46  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

two  men ;'  in  most  cases,  however,  only  one  man  had  to  be  pro- 
vided. All  the  villata,  except  usually  the  libere  feudati,  were  liable 
to  sucli  lovebones.  In  Barton  every  man  whose  house  opened  on 
the  street  furnished  a  worker  to  the  lovebone  whether  he  held  by 
money  rent  or  by  labour.'  Cenmarii  often  worked  after  the  first  pre- 
caria  only,  whereas  in  many  cases  the  villein  worked  after  all.' 
Reaping*  was  the  usual  service  performed,  but  occasionally  a  "  love- 
fother.p  or  carrying  service,  was  rendered  instead  of,  or  as  well  as, 
the  reaping.  On  the  manor  of  Hemingford  such  carrying  service 
was  rendered  in  return  for  meat  and  ale  received  at  the  precaria.^ 

These  extra  boon  services  seem,  then,  to  imply  an  increase  and 
hardening  of  services  in  the  thirteenth  century.  The  boon  works 
first  asked  for,  and  then  demanded,  carried  with  them  an  obligation 
of  food  which  in  turn  became  burdensome  to  the  lord.  The  origi- 
nal voluntary  character  of  this  obHgation  having  been  lost  sight  of, 
the  lord  apparently  compensated  himself  for  the  food  given  by  the 
imposition  of  new  services,  thus  increasing  the  labours  of  the  ten- 
antry. This  explanation  would  account  for  the  fact  that  in  Ramsey 
extents  of  a  date  earlier  than  the  thirteenth  century  such  harvest 
lovebones  do  not  occur. 

Although  the  boon-services  thus  far  mentioned  were  the  most  ex- 
tensive, there  were  others  of  minor  importance  and  more  or  less 

M.  289:  "  Et  si  ista  precaria,  ob  maturitatem  temporis,  capiatur  ante  Gulara 
August! ,  quod  aliqnando  accidit,  in  crastino  illius  precarife  operabitur  cum  uno 
homine  in  recompensatione  prandii  precaripe  pra?cedentis,  sine  cibo  ;  et  si  post 
Gulam  Angusti  eadem  capiatur  precaria,  inveniet  duos  homines  operantes  eodem 
modo  quo  prius.' 

M.  488  :  "Item  qujelibet  donius,  habens  ostium  apertum  versus  vicum,  tam  de 
malmannis  quam  de  cotmannis  et  operariis,  inveniet  unum  liominem  ad  lovebone, 
sine  cibo  domini."  Professor  Vinogradoff,  Villainage  in  England,  p.  '.184,  makes 
this  passage  refer  to  the  regular  harvest  pre^ame.  Tliis  seems  improbable,  how- 
ever, for,  as  has  been  said,  the  term  lovebone  is  never  used  for  the  harvest  boon- 
days,  and  in  no  instance  does  a  reaper  work  on  a  regular  boon  without  receiving 
food  from  the  lord. 

^See  i.  289,  where  the  villein  works  one  day  after  each  of  three  precarifp. 

*  The  Ih'inralfaker,  the  reaping  of  the  half  acre,  mentioned  by  Professor  Vini)- 
gradoff,    Villainage  in  Kngland,  p.  285,  seems  to  belong  to  such  lovebone  services. 

•^i.  385-6:   "  Veniet  ad  prima m  precarinm Inveniet  ad   diem  proprium 

unum  hominem  ad  metendum  pro  cibo  prccaria\  Carriabit  etiam  ail  diem  proprimn 
unam  carrectatam  bladi,  quae  vocatur  lovefotlier.  Si  dominus  necesse  habuerit 
facere  secundam  precariam,  veniet  ad  illam.  .  .  .  Et  si  habuerit  carnem  et  cervisiara 
sicutad  primam,  inveniet  unum  hominem,  et  faciet  lovefother,  sicut  ad  primam." 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  47 

sporadic  occurrence.  In  the  weeding  and  haying  seasons,  for  in- 
stance, the  villein  performed  sometimes  slight  boon  services  instead 
of  increasing  his  week  work,  or,  it  may  be,  in  addition  to  such  in- 
crease. For  the  lovebone  at  haying  (lovebone  de  falcatione)  the  villein 
usually  received  some  compensation,  in  most  cases  twelve  pence 
from  the  abbot's  purse  for  "  sythale  "  or  "  scotale,"  and  as  much 
grass  as  he  could  lift  on  his  scythe  without  bending  the  scythe  to 
the  ground  or  breaking  it.'  The  customaries  refer  to  boons  or  love- 
bones  of  harvesting,  of  carrying  rods,  threshing  and  planting  beans.^ 
Special  ploughings  are  called  "  benerth  "^  or  "  wudobene,"*  special 
reapings  "  beneryp."*  Such  services  are  called  indifferently  boon- 
or  ben-services. 

The  boon  services,  although  falling  most  heavily  on  the  villeins, 
were  by  no  means  confined  to  them.  Cottars  and  croftmen  also 
attended  the  precariss,  going  usually  either  alone  or  with  one  worker. 
Censuarii,  too,  all  the  rest  of  whose  labour  services  had  been  commu- 
ted, had  still  to  appear  at  the  boons,  in  many  cases  at  both  the 
ploughing  and  the  harvest  boons.  Some  difference  was  made,  how- 
ever, between  the  censuarius  and  the  ordinary  villein.  The  villein 
at  the  harvest  boons  worked  in  the  fields  with  his  own  hands, 
whereas  the  censuarius  "  bore  a  rod  over  the  workers  to  admonish 
them  that  they  should  work  well."^  Usually,  too,  the  censuarius 
dined  in  the  hall  at  the  table  of  the  firmarius,  but  the  villein  dined 


^  Most  extents  mention  such  customs  at  haying.  See,  for  instance,  i.  298,  307, 
324,  460  ;  ii.  39 ;  iii.  65. 

'^  iii.  254:  "  Et  herciat  ad  luvebone  duobus  diebus,  et  portat  virgas  apud 
Sanctum  Yvonem  ad  hivebone  una  die  ;  et  purgat  bladum  una  die  ad  luvebone," 
etc. 

^  i.  475  :  "  Quselibet  caruca  arabit  ad  cibum  proprium  unum  sellionem.  Et  vo- 
cabitur  beneerthe. ' ' 

*i.  ;-!10  :  "In  secunda  septimana  post  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  arabit  dimidiam 
acram,  quae  appellatur  Wodebene."  i.  487:  "  Quselibet  virgata  operaria  arabit 
dimidiam  acram  in  hyeme  quod  dicitur  beene.  Et  in  instate  aliam  dimidiam 
acram,  quod  dicitur  wudobeene.'" 

*i.  358:  "  Metet  etiam  duas  rodas  fruraenti,  quod  dicetur  beneryp,  ligabit,  et 
domi  carriabit,  sine  cibo  domini." 

®  i.  308  :  "  .  .  .  veniet  ad  omnes  precarias  autumni,  deferens  virgam  super 
operarios,  eodem  die  ill  curia  comesturus."  i.  354  :  "  Et  veniet  in  propria  per- 
sona, cum  duobus  honiinibus  suis  operantibus,  ad  primam  precariam  in  autumno  ; 
et  erit  ultra  operantes,  ad  monendum  eos  ut  bene  operentur."  See  also  i.  336, 
405  ;  ii.  47,  and  elsewhere. 


48  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    KAMSEY    MANORS. 

in  the  field  with  the  other  workmen.'  A  further  distinction  is  some- 
times found  in  cases,  already  mentioned,  where  the  censuarius  at- 
tended only  the  first  precaria.  Thus  attendance  at  the  boon-services 
was  the  last  prtedial  labour  of  the  censuarius  to  be  commuted.  There 
are  even  occasional  instances  of  the  attendance  of  freeholders  at  the 
precarix.  On  the  manor  of  Upwood  the  holder  of  a  free  hide  of  the 
abbey,  beside  the  usual  services  of  a  freeholder,  ploughed  and  was 
present  himself  or  sent  his  bailiff"  or  reeve  to  the  first  harvest  preca- 
ria to  see  that  his  tenants  worked  well.^ 

That  the  precariae  should  be  the  last  rural  service  to  be  commuted 
is  not  surprising.  While,  on  account  of  its  cumbersome  nature,  it 
was  an  advantage  to  both  lord  and  tenant  that  the  week  work  be 
commuted,  the  lord  would  be  reluctant  to  surrender  services  so  im- 
portant and  convenient  as  the  boons.  Tlie  week  work  could  occur 
on  stated  days  only ;  the  boon  services  could,  within  certain  limits, 
be  demanded  at  the  lord's  discretion,  and  hence  could  be  regulated 
by  the  weather  and  the  condition  of  the  crops.  As  a  rule,  the 
ploughing-boons  seem  to  have  been  commuted  before  the  harvest 
precarias,  for  in  many  cases  the  tenant  rendered  only  the  harvest- 
boons.^  There  are  a  few  instances,  however,  of  attendance  at  the 
boon  ploughings  where  the  harvest  boons  are  not  mentioned.* 

Before  comparing  the  week  work  and  boon  services  of  the  villeins 
in  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries,  a  little  more  should  be  said 
of  the  services  of  the  cottars  and  lesser  holders.  The  distinction 
between  cottars  and  crofters  is  not  always  ver}'-  clear.  If  the  extents 
are  to  be  trusted,  many  of  the  cottars  of  the  twelfth  century  were 
called  crofters  in  the  thirteenth,  and  occasionally  the  extents  evi- 
dently use  the  terms  as  interchangeable.*    In  the  main,  however, 

^  i.  368  :  "  Ad  singulas  etiam  istarum  precariarum  veniet  tarn  Tancredus,  quam 
heres  Warini  Blundi,  cum  tota  familia  sua,  qufe  operari  potest,  practer  iixores,  et 
ipsi  deferent  virgas  suas  super  operarios.  Familiae  vero  eorum  operabuntur  sicut 
et  alii.  Ipsi  etiam  comedent  in  aula  cum  firmario,  familis  vero  eorum  cum  ope- 
rariis  aliis."     Cf.  i.  492. 

'■'i.  318  :  "Alexander  .  .  .  tenet  unani  hydam  pro  qua  facit  houmgium  Abbati 
et  forinsecum  servitium  sicut  alise  hydj*"  libera^  in  Abbatia  .  .  .  Diias  aruras  faciet 
.  .  .  Et  quilibet  ejus  tenentium  inveniet  unum  hominem  ad  primam  precariam 
autumni,  ad  oibum  domini ;  et  ipse,  vel  ejus  ballivus  vel  pra'i^ositus,  erunt,  ad 
illam  precariam,  custodes  ad  videndum  (]uod  bene  operentur." 

» i.  287,  308,  333,  492  ;  iii.  245.  *  i   334,  344. 

*  i.  397.  A  number  of  men  are  described  as  bolding  crofts  ;  a  little  later  they 
are  called  coUarii.     See  also  i.  489. 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  49 

the  Gotland  was  larger  than  the  croft ;  it  contained  anywhere  from 
five  to  twelve,  or  more,  acres,  and  was  sometimes  computed  as  a 
half  virgate/  It  frequently  itself  included  a  croft.  The  croft  rarely 
contained  more  than  two  or  three  acres.  The  services  of  the  cottar 
can  often  not  be  distinguished,  except  in  quantity,  from  those  of 
the  virgater.  One  or  two  days  of  week  work  and  one  day  of  weekly 
ploughing  were  often  required  of  him,  besides  precarige  and  custom- 
ary payments.^  The  ploughing  duties  probably  imply  that  he  held 
land  in  the  arable,  and  in  one  case  his  plough  beasts  are  mentioned.' 
Other  cottars  worked  only  on  Mondays,  whence  they  were  called 
Lundinarii  or  Monday  men.  In  every  case  a  cottar's  carrying  service 
was  mside super  dorsum,,i.e.,  on  foot.  His  load  is  sometimes  defined.* 
Crofters  performed  services  that  were,  in  kind,  much  like  the  cot- 
tars, but  their  obligations  were  lighter  and  they  did  not  plough. 
Holders  of  pytels,  manses,  and  other  trifling  tenements,  sometimes 
worked  in  proportion  to  their  holdings,  but  more  often  paid  a  small 
money  rent.  It  is  a  question  how  these  smallest  tenants  were  able 
to  support  themselves  unless  they  worked  for  pay  on  the  demesne 
or  elsewhere. 

The  daily  life  described  in  the  thirteenth  century  extents  is  in  no 
important  way  peculiar  to  the  Ramsey  villeins,  and  the  only  special 
value  of  a  study  of  it  lies  in  the  unusual  fulness  and  detail  of  the 
extents.  From  a  short  comparison  of  the  thirteenth  century  extents 
with  those  of  the  twelfth  century  more  interesting  results  may,  how- 
ever, be  obtained.  The  difference  in  the  form  of  the  extents  of  the 
two  periods,  the  greater  fulness  and  definiteness  in  the  thirteenth 
century,  and  the  evident  increase  in  the  amount  of  land  ad  opus,  have 
been  already  described  ;  a  much  more  important  change  had  taken 
place  during  the  intervening  century  in  the  amount  of  work  actually 
performed.     In  the  week  work  the  villein  worked  a  larger  number 

^  i.  368,  371:  "Item  ibi  sunt  decern  cotlandaj  quaruni  qujelibet  computatur  pro 
dimidia  virgata."  i.  452  :  .  .  .  "tenet  dimidiam  virgatam,  quae  solet  esse  una 
cotlanda  ;  sed  augetur  cum  uno  crofto." 

2  i.  302,  368,  444  ;  ii.  21.     Compare  iii.  279,  280,  300,  301. 

'  i.  368  :  "  De  duodecini  .  .  .  cotagiis  operatur  quodlibet  singulis  septimanis 
a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  Gulam  Augusti,  prjeter  tredecim  dies  Natalis, 
per  unum  diem,  in  omnibus,  sicut  virgata,  pro  uno  die,  et  alio  die  arabit,  cum 
quot  capitibus  habet  in  caruca,  sicut  virgatarius. ' ' 

*i.  483  :  "  Faciet  averagia  in  dorso  in  suo  turno  usque  Londoniam,  vel  Rame- 
seiam  et  portabit  quinque  capones,  vel  sex  gallinas,  vel  tres  aucas,  vel  centum  ova." 
See  also  i.  329,  362,  369,  449. 

4 


50  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

of  days  in  the  thirteenth  than  in  the  twelfth  century.  In  the  boons 
the  change  is  still  more  evident;  in  the  twelfth  century  there  were, 
with  the  exception  of  an  occasional  preces  and  a  few  small  special 
ploughings  or  reapings,  no  boons  ;  in  the  thirteenth  century  there 
was  a  fully  developed  system  of  boons  and  a  further  addition  of  love 
boons.  The  differences  in  week-work  and  boons  in  the  two  coun- 
tries may  be  most  concisely  expressed  in  the  table  on  page  51. 

The  most  marked  increase  shown  by  the  table  is  clearly  the  uni- 
versal appearance  of  the  heavy  obligation  of  ■precarise  ;^  but  the  in- 
crease in  week  work,  though  less  striking,  is  very  appreciable.  From 
Michaelmas  to  August  week  work  increased  in  Hemingford,  Upwood 
and  Warboys  by  one  day  a  week,  in  Shitlingdon  by  one  day  every 
third  week,  in  S.  Ives  by  one  day  till  Pentecost,  after  Pentecost  by  two 
days  a  week.  Harvest  week  work  increased  by  one  day  in  Brough- 
ton,  by  two  days  in  Brancester,  Warboys  and  Barton,  and  slightly 
in  Wistowe  and  Holywell.  A  corresponding  increase  occurred  in 
the  work  of  cottars  and  crofters. 

The  evidence  gained  from  a  comparison  of  the  Ramsey  extents  is 
then  distinctly  in  favour  of  an  appreciable  and  steady  depression  in 
the  condition  of  the  villeins  ;  it  is  against  Mr.  Seebohm's  theory 
that  precarix  were  "  the  necessary  corollary  to  the  limitation  of  week 
work."  As  the  number  of  days  on  which  a  villein  worked  for  his 
lord  became  fixed  by  custom,  the  lord,  in  Mr.  Seebohm's  theory, 
demanded  special  services  to  fill  up  the  gaps  left  by  the  decreasing 
week  work.  The  week  work  and  precarice,  thus  stood  to  one  another 
in  inverse  ratio,  the  one  decreasing  as  the  other  increased.  On 
Ramsey  manors,  however,  not  only  did  the  week  work  not  decrease 
between  the  middle  of  the  twelfth  and  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth 
century ;  it  even  increased,  along  with  the  appearance  and  develop- 
ment of  the  boons.  The  obligations  of  the  Ramsey  villein  in  the 
thirteenth  century  seem  to  have  been  in  every  way  heavier  than  in 
the  twelfth  century,  and  the  fact  already  stated  that  the  amount  of 
land  ad  opus  was  probably  somewhat  greater,  certainly  not  less,  in 
the  thirteenth  than  in  the  tAvelfth  century  points  in  the  same  direc- 
tion of  a  depressed  i)easantry. 

It  is  true  that  the  account  rolls  of  Wistowe  show,  in  the  fifteenth 

1  Before  the  thirteeeth  century  extonts  the  following  references  to  preces  occur  : 
iii.  243,  27H,  300,  .301,  308,  312,  314.  An  early  lovebone  is  mentioned  in  a  Hem- 
ingford extent  of  the  end  of  the  twelftli  century,  iii.  243  :  .  .  .  "  Et  crastina 
die  erit  ad  luvehone  "     .     . 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS. 


51 


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52  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

century,  when  the  reguhir  week  work  had  been  practically  abolished 
though  some  labour  services  still  remained,  that  the  number  of  pre- 
cariee  had  slightly  incre.-ised,  two  new  ploughing  boons  having  been 
added.  During  the  whole  of  the  fourteenth  century  the  week  work 
and  boons  had  continued  side  by  side  in  Wistowe  with  surprisingly 
little  change  from  the  earlier  conditions.  As  late  as  the  first  half  of 
tlie  fifteenth  century  a  new  system  of  money  rents  was  for  the  first 
time  largely  adopted.  The  fact  that  precariai  then  remained  when 
week  work  had  disappeared  under  the  altered  conditions  shows 
only  the  surprising  tenacity  of  old  customs  on  Ramsey  manors,  and 
the  fact  that  the  precarise  were  the  last  services  to  be  relinquished  by 
the  lord.  They  were  less  unwieldy  than  the  week  work,  the  lord 
having  more  power  over  the  time  of  their  occurrence,  and  would 
naturally,  therefore,  be  retained  later  than  the  week  work.  There  is 
no  evidence  in  the  Wistowe  rolls  of  an  increase  in  precarise  at  the 
expense  of  week  work. 

Customary  payments.  In  addition  to  his  labour  services  the  villein 
owed  certain  annual  payments  in  money  and  kind.  The  money 
payments  were,  in  general,  of  three  kinds — those  paid  to  the  king, 
those  paid  to  the  abbot,  and  those  paid  to  the  village  church. 
Man}?^  of  these  payments  were  the  same  in  the  twelfth  and  in  the 
thirteenth  centuries.  The  royal  payments  in  Hirstingston  hundred 
before  the  grant  of  that  hundred  to  the  abbot,  first  recorded  in 
Henry  II. 's  reign,'  went  to  the  king,  and  are  therefore  not  mentioned 
in  the  twelfth  century  extents  of  Hirstingston  manors.  Other  pay- 
ments resulting  from  the  occasional  commutation  of  labour  services 
l)robably  appeared  in  the  interval  between  the  extents.  All  the 
payments  are  more  uniformly  entered  and  full}^  described  in  the 
thirteenth  century. 

Payments  to  the  abbot.  Perhaps  the  most  universal  and  certainly 
the  most  obscure  payment  made  by  villeins  to  the  abbot  was  heusire. 
The  word  occurs  as  heusire,  heusyre  and  eusier^  in  the  extents,  as  hen- 
srJiire,  henthyre  and  heusire  in  the  Hundred  Rolls,  and  as  heweschire, 
heuschire,  in  the  WistoAve  account  rolls.'  Only  villeins,  including 
virgaters,  cottars,  and  crofters  ad  opus,  were  liable  to  pay  heusire.  A 
Hemingford  tenant  in  the  twelfth  century  withheld  his  share  because 
he  had  become  a  censuarius,*  and  in  Holywell  certain  censuarii  shared 

1  ii.  84.  2  iii   244. 

''  Rot.  Hund.     ii.  (iO.S,  (131,  ()")7  ;  ;in(l  Appendix,  pp.  1,  19,  81,  and  elsewhere. 
*  iii.  242  :   ".Johannis  Liber  Homo  tetictdiias  virgatas  ct  dimidiam  j)ro  quinqne 
solidis     .     .     .     et  participat  cum  villata  et  detinet  eusier." 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  53 

with  the  villata  in  all  save  heusire.^  The  reeve  of  Abbot's  Ripton  was 
freed  from  the  payment.^  The  only  clue  to  the  meaning  of  heusire 
is  found  in  the  extent  of  S.  Ives:  a  virgater  does  not  give  heusyre 
because  he  has  not  a  croft  pertaining  to  his  messuage^ — a  croft  be- 
ing the  close  surrounding  a  dwelling-house.  The  passage  suggests 
that  heusire  was  a  kind  of  rent  paid  for  the  villein's  house  and  gar- 
den in  the  village,  his  "  house  hire.''*  The  usual  amount  of  the 
payment  was  12d.  from  a  virgater,*  or  16d.,®  paid  sometimes  at  Mar- 
tinmas (November  11),  Annunciation  (March  25)  and  the  Nativity 
of  S.  John  Baptist  (July  24),  sometimes  at  the  feast  of  S.  Andrew 
(November  30)  and  of  S.  Benedict  (March  21).' 

Merchet^  the  payment  made  by  the  villein  on  the  marriage  of  his 
daughter,  although  usually  a  distinctive  villein  payment,  on  actount 
of  a  few  exceptions  cannot  be  taken  as  a  test  of  villein  status.  In 
Cranfeld  it  was  uncertain  whether  a  censuarius  who  still  owed  labor 
services,  owed  merchet.'  Again  in  Wistowe  a  censuarius  holding  a 
virgate  for  6  s.  but  still  ploughing,  gave  merchet.'"  No  free  tenant, 
however,  nor  one  all  of  whose  services  had  been  commuted,  owed 
merchet."  The  amount  of  the  payment  was  not  fixed,  but  it  did 
not  exceed  5  s}^  It  was  a  disadvantage  to  the  lord  to  lose  any  of 
his  tenants,  and  therefore  more  merchet  was  paid  if  the  daughter 
married  a  man  of  another  vill.     The  Brancester  villein  paid  2  s.  if 

^  i.  297  :  ' '  Eobertus  .  .  .  tenet  unam  virgatam  .  .  .  pro  qua  dat  duos 
solidos.     .     .     .     Et  participat  in  omnibus  cum  villanis  praeter  heusyre. ' ' 

^  i.  326  :  .  .  .  "  Si  sit  prsepositus.  .  .  .  Erit  etiam  quietus  de  lieusyre 
et  foddercorn. " 

*  i.  292:  .  .  .  "  Robertus  non  dat  heusyre  .  .  .  quia  non  habet  croftam 
pertinentem  messuagio  suo." 

*  This  explanation  of  the  extent  and  chartulary  forms  is  partly  due  to  Prof. 
Maitland.  The  dropping  of  the  "  h  "  in  eusier  is  not  remarkable,  but  if  the  guess 
be  correct,  the  "  n"  forms  in  the  Hundred  Rolls  must  be  a  mistake  or  a  misread- 
ing, although  the  u  in  the  Wystowe  forms  might  easily  be  read  as  n. 

=  i.  287,  and  in  most  cases.  ^  iii.  278,  311,  312. 

'  ii.  25  ;  i.  287,  and  elsewhere. 

*  For  a  discussion  of  the  etymology  and  meaning  of  merchet  see  Pike,  in  intro- 
duction to  Year  Book,  15  Edward  III.,  pp.  xv.-xliii. 

9  ii.  6.  "  i.  356. 

'°  i.  449  :  .  .  .  "  nee  dat  merchetum,  quia  liber  est,  et  manens  super  terram 
suam  de  Laushille." 

^^  i.  384:  "Dat  merchetum  pro  filia,  sicut  melius  finire  poterit,  ita  tamen  quod 
non  excedet  summan  quinque  solidorum,  sive  maritando  fuerit  infra  villam,  sive 
extra."     See  also  i.  472. 


54  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

his  daughter  married  within  the  vill ;  if  she  married  without  the 
vill,  he  made  the  best  arrangement  possible/ 

Leyrwite,  another  universal  villein  payment,  was  a  fine  for  incon- 
tinence. The  amount  was  usually  2  s.^^  but  the  offender  was  often 
excused  on  account  of  poverty.^ 

Germma,  when  a  payment  made  by  a  father  on  his  daughter's 
marriage,  is  difficult  to  distinguish  from  merchet.*  The  word  is 
more  often  used,  however,  in  another  meaning  of  money  paid  to  the 
lord  for  right  to  enter  into  possession  of  the  land  of  a  deceased 
tenant.^  Even  a  son  or  daughter  might  be  liable  to  pay  a  gersuma 
for  ingress  to  the  land  of  a  deceased  father.^  In  Houghton,  certain 
land  in  villenage  passed  to  the  widow  of  a  tenant,  but  on  the  death 
of  a  father  or  mother  the  land  might  at  the  will  of  the  lord  be  "  ger- 
suraata  "  to  the  younger  son,  or,  if  there  were  none,  to  the  nearest  of 
blood  according  to  the  custom  observed  on  the  manor.'  Gersuma 
was  sometimes  used  in  a  general  sense  of  money  paid  in  an  agree- 
ment over  and  above  the  sum  agreed  upon.* 

On  the  death  of  a  customary  tenant  the  widow  usually  paid  a 
heriot  either  in  money  or  in  the  best  of  her  cattle  to  the  lord.^  For 
this  she  was  for  thirty  days  excused  from  all  work  except,  some- 
times, ploughing.  The  heriot  in  money  for  a  virgater  was  usually 
5  s.  In  Wistowe  the  wife  of  a  crofter  paid  no  heriot,  but  continued 
her  services  as  before.^"  In  Brancester  the  lord  received  the  best  of 
the  cattle,  if  there  were  any,  the  widow  holding  the  land  by  the  ani- 
mal given  to  the  lord.  If  there  were  no  cattle  the  widow  paid  32  d. 
If  she  had  a  son  or  daughter  the  widow  received  only  half  the  land, 
and  for  the  other  half  the  son  or  daughter  made  the  best  arrange- 
ment possible." 

^  i.  416  :  "Si  filiam  suani  maritaverit  infra  villain,  dabit  pro  mercheto  ad  plus 
duossolidos,  si  extra  villain,  finiat,  ad  melius  quod  poterit."     See  also  i.  384,  432. 

''  i.  416,  432. 

^  See  Maitland,  Select  Pleas  in  Manorial  Courts,  92,  93. 

*  i.  298  :  "Dabit  etiam  pro  filia  sua  niaritanda,  gersumani."  .  .  .  See  also 
ii.  245. 

^  ii.  245  :  "  Et  scieiuluin,  ipiod  si  aii(|uis  ciistiiiuarius  sine  lierede  tie  progenie 
sua  exeunte  decesserit,  nos  tradamus  terram  suam  et  niessuagiuni  snuin  cuicuiique 
volueriuius,  et  gersniiiam  inde  provcnientem  penes  nos  retinueblnuis."  See  also 
i.  334.  «  i.  432. 

'  i.  372:  "  Erit  auteiii  dicta  terra  post  mortem  ])atris  vel  matris  gersuinata  ad 
voluntatem  domini  filio  jnniori."     . 

^  ii.  279.     Cf.  Round,  Geoffrey  de  Mandeville,  3(!0.  . 

"  i.  312,  325,  337,  and  in  most  cases.  '"  i.  361.  "  i.  416. 


COMPARISON    OP    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  55 

Another  impoi'tant  group  of  customary  payments  was  made  to 
the  abbot  in  commutation  of  old  hibour  services,  or  of  payments 
made  in  kind. 

Fishsilver  occurs  also  as  fissilver,  phisshesilver/  haringsilver/ 
money  ad  allec^  and  adpiscem  or  adpisces  emendos*  and  in  the  Hundred 
Rolls  as  fissilver.^  The  amount  of  the  payment  was  usually  a  frac- 
tion of  a  penny."  Sometimes  the  total  amount  due  from  the  villata 
is  given  in  the  extents.'  Sometimes  a  number  of  virgates  are 
grouped  together  as  a  unit,  five  hides  in  Elton  giving  4  d.  at  Easter.* 
In  Wistowe  a  rotatory  system  prevailed ;  a  virgater  paid  in  each 
turn  2  d.,  a  turn  falling  sometimes  once  in  two  years,  sometimes  once 
in  three.®  The  payment  was  usually  made  in  Lent,  and  was,  per- 
haps, a  commutation  for  fish  once  given  to  the  abbot  at  that  season. 
Occasionally,  however,  fishsilver  was  paid  at  Easter,'"  and  once  at 
Christmas." 

Brewingsilver  is  called  also  maltsilver,^*  and  a  "  toll  for  barley  for 
making  the  ale  of  St.  Mary."'^  In  the  Hundred  Rolls  onaltsilver^*  and 
mitesilver^^  occur.  In  Warboys  certain  lands  called  "  malt  lands  " 
were  held  by  a  labour  service  tenure,  but  gave  as  fixed  rents  (redditus 
assissn)  15  d.  for  malt.'*  The  amount  of  the  payment  varied,  but  did 
not  exceed  a'few  pence."  Maltsilver  may  have  been  a  commutation 
on  some  manors  of  the  malt  delivered  by  the  villein  at  Ramsey.'* 

»  i.  52.  *  i.  298,  322,  and  elsewhere. 

^  iii.  248,  and  elsewhere.  *  iii.  254,  259,  271,  272. 

»  Eot.  Hund.  ii.  603  {bis),  626. 

6  iii.  250,  254;  ii.  31;  i.  287,  298,  and  elsewhere. 

^  iii.  248,  278  ;  i.  371.  *  iii.  259  ;  i.  487. 

*  i.  356  :  .  .  .  "in  quolibet  turno  ad  fyssilver  in  Quadragesima  dat  duos  de- 
narios.  Qui  turnus  accidit,  aliquando  semel  in  duobus  annis,  et  aliquando  in 
tribus." 

10  i,  487.  "  i.  299. 

^'^  i.  46:  "De  maltsilver  dat  decern  denarios,  vel  faciet  duas  mittas  gruti,  vel 
brasei." 

^*  i.  489  :  .  .  .  "  molendinarius  colliget  ova  de  qualibet  domo  ad  voluntatem 
dantis  et  ad  opus  domini,  per  sic  quod  sint  quieti  de  theoloneo  braysire  ad  cervi- 
siam  Beatse  Mariae  faciendam."  "  Rot.  Hund.  ii.  600  {bis)  603. 

15  Eot.  Hund.  ii.  601,  657.  '«  Rot.  Hund.  ii.  602. 

"  Rot.  Hund.  ii.  600,  657  ;  R.  C.  i.  302,  335,  474,  and  elsewhere. 

'*  i.  345:  .  .  .  "  faciet  unam  mittam  et  dimidiam  braesii,  quam  recipiet  ad 
domuni  siiam,  bene  mundatam ;  et  illam  carriabit  apud  Rameseiam  ;  de  cujus  de- 
fectu,  si  in  ipso  fuerit  inventus,  braciatori  de  suo  proprio  satisf aciet. "  See  also 
i.  322,  335. 


56  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

Wynyardsilver,  argentum  vinese,  is  described  in  the  Wistowe  rolls  as 
a  commutation  of  the  villein's  work  of  one  day  a  year  in  the  Ramsey 
vineyard. 

Wodepenny,  to  be  distinguished  from  wodehac,  an  obscure  royal 
payment,  was  paid  by  villeins  in  place  of  going  to  the  wood.  It  is 
mentioned  in  the  extents  of  Brington  and  Bithorn.^  In  Whiston 
two  hens  were  given  for  wodesgonge.^ 

A  villein  paid  also  in  various  ways  on  his  live  stock — his  sheep, 
his  cattle,  and  pigs. 

The  payment  pro  multone^  ad  arietem*  called  also  wether  silver,^  was 
probably  paid  in  place  of  sheep  or  rams  originally  delivered  to  the 
cellarer  of  Ramsey.®  Werthale,  or  ivether  hale,''  should  be  distinguished 
from  wethersilver.  From  the  extent  of  Barton  it  is  evident  that 
werthale  was  money  given  to  the  villata  by  the  lord,  instead  of  a 
sheep,  for  the  mowing  of  a  certain  meadow.  The  passage  in  the 
extent  declares  that  when  the  meadow  of  the  lord  was  mown,  if  the 
lord  pastured  his  flocks  there  the  villata  received  a  sheep ;  if  not,  the 
villata  received  6  d.  (wetherhale)  for  that  sheep.  The  sheep  was  set 
free  in  the  middle  of  the  meadow,  and  if  the  villeins  could  catch  it 
they  kept  it,  if  they  could  not  they  lost  it  for  that  year.^  Werthale 
may  be  compared  with  sitheale,  the  payment  often  made  to  the 
mowers  of  certain  "  bene  "  meadows  in  order  that  they  might  buy 
ale. 

A  payment  on  wool  is  mentioned  in  the  extents  of  Elton.  The 
name  of  the  payment  varies.  In  the  twelfth  century  the  virgater 
paid  half  penny  ad  lanain^  in  the  thirteenth  century  extents  he  paid 
a  half  penny  ad  willesilver  at  Pentecost,'"  in  the  Hundred  Rolls  he 
paid  a  half  penny  pro  wallesilver}^ 

The  customary  wardpenny,  wardsilver,  warpenny,  or  ivarthsilver  is 

»  ii.  37,  43. 

^  i.  56  :  Compare  for  woodpenny  Rot.  Hund.  ii.  ()29:  "  dabit  duos  denarios  per 
annum  pro  wodepenny  vel  operabitur  per  duos  dies  more  consueto." 

=*  i.  309.  *  iii.  254,  271.  ^  i.  314,  345,  and  elsewhere.  "  iii.  271. 

■^  See  extent  of  Girton,  i.  493:  "  Et  tota  villata  habebit  sexdecim  denarios, 
quadrantem,  quae  vocantur  wertliale,  wetherhale." 

•*  i.  476:  "Ad  diem  etiam,  quo  falcaut  pratum  domini,  habebunt  unum  niul- 
tonera  et  si  dominus  habuerit  ibidem  bidentes,  et  si  non  habuerit,  habebunt  sex 
denarios  pro  nuiltone.  Ita  scilicet  quod  ipse  multo  libere  pouetur  in  prato  in 
medio  eorum,  et  si  comprehendere  possunt,  habebunt  ilium,  et  si  evadere  possit, 
eo  anno  perdent  ilium." 

«  iii.  259.  '"  i.  487.  "  Rot.  Hund.  ii.  657. 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  57 

probably  the  same  payment  that  was  made  by  the  greater  tenants 
in  place  of  watch  and  ward,  and  should  therefore  be  included  among 
the  royal  payments.*  Professor  VinogradoflF,  however,  finds  a  dif- 
ference. The  customary  wardsilver  he  considers  a  payment  on  the 
villein's  cattle.^  Wardsilver  had  certainly  some  connexion  with 
cattle,  but  probably  only  in  the  method  of  its  assessment.  A  vil- 
lein was  rated  to  wardsilver  according  to  the  number  of  animals  he 
owned.  In  Hemingford  the  virgater  or  crofter  who  at  Martinmas 
had  cattle  to  the  value  of  30  d.  gave  a  half  penny  for  wardsilver.^ 
There  was,  however,  a  distinct  payment  on  oxen,  pro  botie,  in  War- 
boys  and  Wistowe,*  and  a  payment  called  bvsaginin  on  each  cow  in 
Hulme.^  Wardpenny  may  have  been  sometimes  a  commutation  of 
the  duty  of  watching  at  S.  Ives  in  fair  time. 

Pannage,  the  payment  for  keeping  pigs  and  for  license  to  feed 
them  on  the  mast  of  the  manor  woods,  was  practically  universal. 
The  villein  paid  for  his  pigs  according  to  their  age.  In  Warboys  a 
pig  of  one  year  and  over  cost  2  d.  pannage,  a  pig  of  a  half  year  and 
over  1  d.,  and  a  pig  of  a  quarter  year  and  over  a  half  penny.®  The 
amount  of  the  pannage  sometimes  depended  upon  the  time  of  year 
at  which  the  pig  was  killed  or  sold.'  If  the  nuts  were  plentiful  in 
the  wood  the  villein  sometimes  kept  his  pigs  at  home,  but  paid  his 
pannage  as  before.* 

Other  payments  were  made  by  the  villein  to  the  abbot's  courts. 

The  curious  payment  ca]\ed  fidstiiigpound  is  found  on  the  manors 
of  Cranfield,  Burwell,  Shitlingdon,  Barton,  Elton,^  and  probably 
Therfield.      By  the   payment   of  an  annual   sum,  fulstingpound, 

^  See  Rot.  Hund.  ii.  680,  where  wardsilver  is  paid  to  the  bailiff  of  Toulyslund 
Hundred  from  Hemingford  Abbot's.  ^  Villainage  in  England,  291. 

*  i.  390.     Compare  i.  354,  365,  and  elsewhere. 

*  iii.  292  :  "  Pro  quolibet  bove  de  carruca,  sive  vacca  lac  praebente,  tres  obolos 
per  annum,  excepto  primo  anno,  quo  non  dat  nisi  obolum  pro  bove  sive  juvenca." 
Cf.  iii.  269,  315. 

^  i.  402  :  .  .   .    "si  habuerint  vaccas  dant  ad  busagium,  unnm  denarium."  .    .  . 

®  i.  309:  "Dat  pannagium  pro  porco  super  annum  duos  denarios,  pro  porco 
dimidii  anni  unum  denarium.  Et  pro  porco  unius  quarterii  obolum  ;  et  licet  por- 
cos  suos  domi  retinuerit  in  anno  quo  copia  glandis  f uerit,  nihilorainus  pro  eis  dabit 
pannagium." 

'  ii.  37  :  "Si  ipsum  (porcum)  occiderit,  vel  vendiderit,  inter  Gulam  Augusti 
et  Purificationem,  (dabit)  imum  obolum  die  Sancti  Martini  pro  pannagio.  Si  post 
Purificationem  nihil  dabit."     Cf.  ii.  43. 

»  See  above,  i.  309,  and  compare  i.  345,  356.  »  Eot.  Hund.  ii.  607. 


58     •  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

the  villagers  compounded  with  the  manorial  court,  so  that  in  all 
cases  of  misdemeanour  they  should  pay  only  6  d.  before  trial,  and 
after  trial,  if  they  awaited  judgment,  only  12  d.'  Exemption  from 
a  heavier  fine  did  not  extend  to  theft  or  bloodshed,  but  to  minor 
matters,  such  as  the  omission  of  suit  at  the  mill  or  trangressions  in 
ploughing  and  harvest  work.^  Tlie  total  amount  in  Cranfield,  and 
probably  in  Therfield,  was  20  s.,  in  Barton,  30  s.  In  1254,  during  a 
vacancy  of  the  abbey,  40  s.  was  received.^  The  free  did  not  pay 
fulstingpound/ 

Chevagium,  capitagium,  or  headpenny,  was  the  common  payment 
made  at  the  view  of  frank  })ledge  by  the  chief  pledges  of  the  tith- 
ing for  those  not  attending  the  view."^  By  the  payment  of  head- 
penny  the  cottager  in  Houghton  was  freed  from  attendance  at  all 
halimots  in  the  year  except  two,  the  one  held  next  before  the  Gules 
of  August  and  the  one  next  after  Michaelmas,  when  pleas  were  held 
super  se.^ 

The  royal  payments  need  little  discussion.  The  most  important 
were  sheriff's  and  hundred's  aid,  hidage,  pontage,  wardpenny  and 
wodehac.  Wodehac,  which  should  not  be  confounded  with  wode- 
penny,  was  clearly  a  royal  payment  made  to  the  sheriff  of  Hunt- 
ingdonshire from   manors  within  that  county.'     It  was  due  from 

1  i.  441 :  "Villa  dat  ad  viginti  solidos,  qui  dantur,  quod  cum  aliquis  cadat  in 
misericordia  domini,  det  ante  judicium  sex  denarios.  Et  post,  si  expectet  judi- 
cium, duodecim  denarios,  nisi  sit  pro  furto  vel  aliqua  maxima  transgressione.  Sci- 
endum quod  non  omnes  dant  ad  viginti  solidos,  et  ideo  non  omnes  sunt  facturi 
finem  .   .  .   uno  et  eodein  modo." 

*  i.  473:  "Si  vero  convictus  fuerit,  quod  debito  modo  ad  molendinum  domini 
sectam  non  fecerit,  ante  judicium  dabit  sex  denarios;  et  si  judicium  sustinuerit, 
dabit  duodecim  denarios." 

i.  464 :  "Ad  festura  Sancti  Andrea;  dat  quatuor  denarios  nt  super  transgressionibus 
operum  convictus,  ut  arura3,  messis,  et  aliorum  hujusmodi,  ante  judicium  amer- 
cietur  sex  denarios,  post  judicium  duodecim  denarios." 

ii.  22  :  "  Tota  villfita,  praeter  liberos,  dat  in  festo  Sancti  Andreas  viginti  solidos, 
qui  vocatur  filstinpound  ;  et  per  hoc  qnieti  debent  esse  de  omnibus  misercordiis, 
ante  judicium  pro  sex  denariis  et  post  judicium  pro  duodecim  denariis  nisi  pro 
effusione  sanguinis  vel  pro  excisione  qnercus,  pro  furto."     See  also  i.  46. 

3  iii.  12.  *  See  above,  i.  473,  and  compare  i.  486. 

*  i.  309,  and  elsewhere. 

*  i.  369  :  "  Et  per  pra'dictum  hovedpeny  qnieti  dobont  esse  a  secta  onmiinn  bali- 
motorum  per  annum  praeterquam  duoruni,  scilicet  cujusdam  proximi  ante  (Julam 
Augusti,  et  proximi  post  festum  Sancti  Michaelis,  ubi  habeant  placitum  super 
se."  .... 

'  iii.  324  :  "Item  solutae  vicecomiti  lluntindoniaj  pro  Wodehac,  x  marcse." 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  59 

freeholders  and  censuarii  as  well  as  villeins,  and  was  often  included 
under  forinsec  services.*     The  meaning  of  the  word  is  obscure. 

Church  Payments. — The  payments  to  the  parish  church  were  as 
follows : 

On  the  death  of  a  villein  the  priest  often  received  the  best  of  the 
cattle  ;  if  the  wife  died,  the  priest  received  the  second  best.'^ 

Peter^s  Pence,  like  ward  penny,  was  assessed  according  to  the  value 
of  the  villein's  cattle.  A  married  man  having  cattle  valued  at  30 
d.  paid  usually  a  penny,  St.  Peter's  Penny  ;  an  unmarried  man  paid 
half  as  much.* 

A  payment  called  ploualnies  was  levied  on  ploughs.  In  S.  Ives, 
Holywell  and  Broughton  for  every  plough  yoked  between  Easter 
and  Pentecost,  and  in  Wistowe  for  every  plough  yoked  between 
Michaelmas  and  Christmas,  the  priest  received  1  cL*  In  Broughton 
ploualmes  was  paid  in  bread,  one-third  going  to  the  church,  two- 
thirds  to  the  poor.*  In  Upwood  the  priest  received  nothing  from 
the  ploughs.® 

Every  man  with  a  hearth  paid  something  toward  lighting  the 
church  (ad  Iwninare  or  ad  candelam).  The  villein  whose  wife  was 
living  paid  more  than  the  widower.' 

Tithes. — The  most  important  church  dues  were  the  tithes  from  the 
lord  and  villagers.  The  tithe  sheaves  due  from  the  lord's  demesne 
were  usually  paid  in  the  form  of  acres  already  planted  in  special 
fields.  The  priest  received  several  acres  of  one  grain  in  the  field 
post  femicium,  others  of  another  grain  in  the  field  next  that  chosen 
for  the  seed,  and  still  others  near  the  Maundy  acre.*    Tithes  due 

^  i.  297:  .  .  .  "  facit  homagium  abbati,  et  sectaiu  curiae  de  Broughtone,  et 
forinsecimi  servitium  cum  wodehac."  .  .  .  See  also  i.  286,  288,  296,  aud  else- 
where. ^  i.  294,  352,  and  elsewhere. 

*  i.  331  :  "  Quilibet  autem  maritus  habens  in  vigilia  Natalis  Domini  averia 
gradentia  pretii  ad  minus  triginta  denarios,  dabit  ad  Ad  Vincula  Sancti  Petri 
unum  denarium  ;  qui  quidem  denarius  appellatur  denarius  Sancti  Petri ;  et  vir 
sine  sponsa  et  vidua,  dabunt  obolum  ;  pro  catallis  autem  dictus  denarius  non 
dabitur."     See  also  i.  282,  321,  and  elsewhere.  *  i.  282. 

*  i.  331  :  "  Deferunt  autem  omnes  parochiani,  tarn  liberi  quam  villani,  in  festo 
Nativitatis  Beatae  Maria;,  ad  ecclesiam,  tot  panes  quot  habent  capita  in  caruca 
juncta  post  Natale,  exceptibus  capitibus  equorum  ;  de  quibus  panibus  tertia  pars 
remanebit  ecclesise  .  .  .  et  duae  partes  per  parochianos  pauperibus  distribuentur." 
See  also  353.     (Soloualmes.) 

6  i.  341.  ■f  i.  282,  341,  and  elsewhere. 

®  i.  364  :  "Et  percipit  persona  .  .  .  pro  decimis  garbarum  de  dominico  Abba- 
tis  duodecim  acras  inbladatas  ;  scilicet  de  frumento  post  femicium  et  post  culturam, 
quam  firmarius  vel   serviens  Abbatis  eligere  voluerit  ad  semen,  et  post  acram 


GO  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

from  villein  land  were  of  various  kinds.  The  church  usually  re- 
ceived a  tithe  of  the  hay,  a  tithe  of  the  products  of  the  garden  and 
curtilage,  of  the  wool  and  linen,  a  goose,  pullets,  hens,  or  a  tithe  of 
the  monej'^  values  of  these,  and  on  every  tenth  day  of  the  year  a 
tithe  of  milk.' 

A  few  payments  in  kind  were  due  to  the  abbot.  The  most  com- 
mon were  hens  at  Christmas  and  occasionally  on  other  great  days, 
eggs  at  Easter,  and,  in  some  manors,  barley  for  ale.  The  abbot  re- 
ceived various  kinds  of  grain,  wheat  measured  in  cumbs,  rings, 
erthendales,^  or  tolfats,*  and  fodder.*  Occasionally  rents  were  paid 
in  ploughshares  or  bowls  of  honey ,^  sometimes  in  fishes  and  eels.® 
In  Walsocn  the  abbot  received  the  third  part  of  all  fish  caught.  He 
received  in  the  time  of  King  William  a  third  of  a  dolphin,  and  in 
the  reign  of  Stephen  the  smaller  of  two  fish,  the  division  being 
made  in  the  manorial  court.  As  spoils  from  a  shipwreck  in  Wal- 
socn, the  abbot  once  received  a  ninth  part,  5  s.,  and  a  trey  of  corn.' 

Only  that  side  of  the  villager's  life  in  which  he  came  into  contact 
with  the  lord  can  be  described  with  fulness  or  certainty.  With  the 
other  side  of  his  life,  the  cultivation  of  his  own  strips  of  arable  and 
his  personal  interests  apart  from  the  lord,  the  extents  have  nothing 
to  do,  and  any  information  concerning  it  is  largely  accidental. 
From  an  occasional  passage  we  learn  that  a  villein  ploughed  the 
lord's  land  with  all  the  beasts  with  which  he  ploughed  his  own,^ 
that  an  acreman  ploughed  his  own  land  once  every  second  week 
with  the  lord's  plough,'  or  that  in  the  harvest  the  villein  worked 
for  the  lord  every  day  but  Saturday,  Saturday  being  reserved  for 
his  own  reaping.'**      The  week  work  and  boons  undoubtedly  con- 

mandati,  sex  acras ;  de  hordeo  quatuor  acras,  et  de  avena  duas  acras  post  culturas 
hordei  et  avense,  quas  balliviis  domini  abbatis  eligerit  ad  opus  abbatis."  i.  474  : 
"  Et  persona  percipit  duas  partes  totius  deciuite  bladi  de  dominico.  Ita  scilicit 
quod  in  autumno  inensuratur  totum  dominicum  per  acras,  et  de  omnibus  acris 
decimalibus  percipit  persona  duas  partes  et  Abbas  tertiam."  See  also  i.  405,  458, 
and  elsewhere.  ^  i.  330-331,  284,  294,  320. 

Mii.  247.  *iii.  280.  *iii.  271,  2«2,  and  elsewhere. 

*  iii.  270.  «  iii.  29t5.  '  iii.  289.  »  i.  336. 

®  iii.  257,  and  i.  318  :  "  Et  in  qualibet  secunda  septimana  anni  ....  habebit 
aruram,  una  cum  una  caruca  Integra,  sicut  villani  junguntur,  die  Veneris,  super 
terram  suam." 

'"  ii.  24:  "Item  tempore  messionis  inveniet  quolibet  die  in  septimana  unum 
hominem,  ad  metcndum  ad  cibum  proprium,  excepto  die  Sabbati,  in  quo  opera- 
bitur  opus  proprium." 


COMPARISON    OF    ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS.  61 

sumed  a  large  part  of  the  villein's  time,  but,  perhaps,  not  as  much 
as  at  first  appears.  The  extents  do  not  always  require  that  the  vir- 
gater  shall  work  himself,  often  he  is  only  to  "  furnish  a  man  to 
work."  Then,  as  has  been  said,  in  every  household  there  must 
have  been  a  number  of  other  workmen  beside  the  virgater,  for  in 
times  of  special  stress  more  than  one  man  was  furnished.  Famuli 
et  alii  always  accompanied  the  Wystowe  villein  to  the  boons. 
Again,  work  on  the  lord's  land  did  not  always  require  a  whole  day  ; 
the  villein  often  stopped  at  noon.^  On  most  manors,  too,  there  was 
in  the  thirteenth  century  a  large  class  of  very  small  holders,  the 
tenants  of  the  odds  and  ends  of  land  alread}^  mentioned,  who  paid 
a  rent  and  held  no  land  in  the  arable.  These  men  were  very  nu- 
merous to  be  always  sure  of  hired  work  on  the  demesne,  and  it 
seems  possible  that  the  villein  might  engage  their  labour  on  his  own 
land.^ 

For  the  villein's  live  stock,  his  plough  beasts,  cows,  pigs,  and 
sheep,  rights  of  common  in  the  pasture  lands  of  the  manor  were  re- 
quired. The  thirteenth  century  extents  define  these  rights  very 
strictly.  After  the  hay  was  cut  the  meadows  were  usually  thrown 
open  as  pasture  to  the  free  and  villeins  alike.  In  S.  Ives,  horses 
might  be  tied  among  the  haymows  even  before  the  hay  was  re- 
moved.' Sometimes  the  cattle  of  the  villeins  could  be  pastured  in 
the  meadows  only  when  the  cattle  of  the  lord  were  ah'eady  there.* 
Rights  of  pasture  before  the  hay  was  cut  were  reserved  for  the  ab- 
bot alone,^  but  the  abbot's  several  pastures  were  sometimes  open 
to  privileged  villagers.®  After  the  removal  of  the  crops,  cattle  were 
pastured  in  the  arable  also.  The  priest  of  Broughton,  if  he  owned 
cattle,  had  rights  of  common  with  the  villata  in  the  fields  (campis).' 
In  Fenstokking  the  abbot's  men  had   pasture  after  the  grain  was 

^  ii.  23  :  "  Item  herciabita  mane  usque  ad  nonam  pro  uno  opere,"  and  elsewhere. 
It  is  usually  stated  if  the  villein  is  to  work  until  vespers.     See  ii.  44. 

^  Maitland,  Domesday  Book  and  Beyond.     41. 

^  i.  295:  "  Et  in  praedictis  pratis,  post  fenum  asportatum,  conimunicabunt 
omnes  .  .  .  .  et  cum  fenum  fuerit  adunatum,  licebit  omnibus  et  singulis  equos 
habentibus  eos  ligare  inter  muliones  ;  sed  si  damnum  faciant,  imparcentur,  et 
emendas  faciant." 

*  i.  306  :  "  Pascet  etiam  tantummodo  cum  caruca  sua  in  pratis  Abbatis  post 
fenum  adunatum,  si  averia  Abbatis  ibidem  existant,  et  alio  modo  non."  See  i. 
283,  330,  342,  364,  and  elsewhere. 

^i.  306:  ...  ''si  forte  contigerit  ipsum  Abbatem  ante  tempus  falcationis 
aliquam  partem  prati  sui  cum  averiis  suis  pascere,  quod  ssepius  contingit"   .... 

®  i.  283.  '  i.  330  :    "  Commimicabit  cum  villata  in  campis." 


62  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

removed  from  40  acres.'  In  King's  Ripton,  after  the  removal  of  the 
hay  all  the  meadows  v?ere  put  in  defense  until  the  grain  in  the  ad- 
jacent fields  was  ripe.^  The  abbot's  demesne  might  be  sown  in  the 
meadow,  the  stubble  being  afterwards  used  as  pasture  by  the  lord 
and  acremen.' 

The  woods  of  the  manor  afforded  pasture  for  the  cattle,*  pannage 
for  the  pigs,  and  green  and  dry  wood,  turf  and  rods  for  cutting.  In 
S.  Ives  there  were  two  woods ;  one  was  the  abbot's  several,  and  in  it 
no  one  could  cut  or  pasture  without  permission  ;  in  the  other  all  the 
men  of  S.  Ives,  Waldhirst,  Wodehirst,  Holywell,  and  Nidingworth 
had  common.  The  Bishop  of  Ely  had  common  there,  also,  in  re- 
turn for  certain  privileges  of  the  abbot's  men  in  Ely  land.*  In  War- 
boys  none  could  take  wood  except  at  a  fitting  time  to  mend  their 
ploughs.®  Of  three  woods  in  Upwood  two  were  reserved  from  Mich- 
aelmas to  Martinmas  for  the  abbot  alone,  because  during  that  time 
the  nuts  were  most  plentiful.' 

Besides  meadows  and  woods  many  manors  had  strips  of  fen  in 
which  the  cattle  of  the  vill  were  pastured,  and  from  which  estovers 
and  reeds  were  taken.'  Some  meadows  in  the  fen  were  surrounded 
with  water  and  were  reached  by  boat  f  to  other  meadows,  used  as 
pasture  land,  the  cattle  were  driven  along  paths.  The  boundaries 
in  the  fens  were  very  uncertain,  and  hence  the  pasture  rights  were 
the  cause  of  many  disputes.  The  many  difficulties  arising  from  the 
frequent  intercommoning  of  Ramsey  and  neighbouring  monasteries 
seem  to  point  back  to  a  time  when  the  fen  was  held  as  common 
land,  and  the  cattle  of  all  the  men  of  the  region  fed  there  "  horn  un- 
der horn.'""   In  the  eleventh,  twelfth,  and  thirteenth  centuries  rights 


1  i.  96  :  .  .  .  "  quadraginta  acrarutn,  scilicet  Fenstokking,  sed  post  blada  aspor- 
tata  homines  abbatis  habent  communam."  .   .   . 

*i.  321:  "Post  falcationem  etiam,  et  fenum  asportatum,  omnia  prata  apud 
Ryptone  eruntin  defensione,  si  dominus  voluerit,  quousque  blada  dictis  pratis 
adjacentia  fuerint  de  campis  amota,  ita  quod  nullus  pascet  in  eis  cum  averiis.'' 

'i.  'S:V2.  *  Ibid. 

*  i.  283:  "In  alio  bosco  communicant  onmes  cum  averiis  suis  pascendis,  de 
Sancto  Ivone,  Waldhyrst,  Wodehyrst,  Haliwelle,  Nidingworthe,  dominus  Elyensis 
Episcopus,  et  oranes  sui  tenentes  de  soca  de  Somcrsham."  Cf.  also  Rot.  Ilund. 
1.301:  .  .  .    "ubi  omnes  tenentes  de  soka  solebant  communire  cum  averiis  suis." 

6  i.  307.  '  i.  342.  8  i.  308,  332,  354. 

^  i.  430 :  "  Prata  in  raarisco,  scilicet  Crowelode  .  .  .  et  cingitur  dictum 
pratnm  undique  aquis." 

'"  i.  164:  .     .     .     "  et  ut  pastura  eis  esset  omnibus  communis,  id  est,  cornu  sub 

cornu." 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  63 

of  common  were  being  differentiated  and  boundaries  established, 
and  innumerable  disputes  resulted.  On  the  east,  Ramsey  quar- 
relled with  Ely  over  Weremeremore  near  Benwickmere  and  Crowe- 
lodemore/  so  that  in  1284  a  perambulation  of  the  bounds  between 
Huntingdonshire  and  Cambridgeshire^  was  made.  Not  until  ten 
years  later  was  an  agreement  reached,  according  to  which  the  abbot 
and  his  tenants  of  Warboys,  Upwood,  Ravele,  Wistowe,  Broughton, 
and  Bury  were  to  common  with  horses,  oxen,  and  cows  in  Were- 
meremore, while  the  bishop  and  his  tenants  of  Somersham  were  to 
common  in  Crowelodemore.  The  abbot  and  his  men  secured  a  pas- 
sage through  the  bishop's  marsh  to  Hollode,  but  in  return  the 
abbot's  lode  between  Nidingworth  and  the  Great  Bank,  near  Earith, 
was  not  to  be  too  deep  for  the  bishop's  cattle  to  pass  to  the  pasture 
in  Holywell.  Fishing  in  the  lode  was  to  be  common  to  all.  In  the 
north,  Ramsey  and  Thorney  quarrelled  constantly  over  the  marsh 
of  King's  Delph,  the  first  division  of  the  marsh  being  made  in  the 
eleventh  century,^  the  last  in  1253.  Ramsey  had  other  disputes 
with  the  Bardolphs  in  the  northeast,*  and  with  Peterborough,  Wal- 
ton and  Sawtrey  in  the  west  and  northwest.^ 


CHAPTER  III. 

The  Administration  of  Wistowe. 

It  has  been  already  suggested  that  there  are  distinct  limitations 
upon  the  value  of  extents  as  evidence  for  the  exact  economic  condi- 
tions upon  the  manors  at  any  given  time.  The  extents  were,  in  the 
main,  written  statements,  made  at  long  intervals,  of  the  relation  of 
the  villagers  to  the  lord.  They  served  as  a  general  guide  for  the  defi- 
nition of  services,  to  limit  the  lord  in  a  tendency  to  deninnd  more 
than  was  customary  and  the  villagers  in  a  clesire  to  give  less.  In 
them  the  will  of  the  lord  could  play  an  important  part  by  ofi'ering 
alternatives  and  equivalents  of  labour,  and  they  could  take  no  ac- 
count of  interruptions  in  the  routine  of  manorial  life  arising  from 
unusual  and  transitory  circumstances.  Neither  could  they  give  any 
information  of  permanent  value  concerning  the  output  of  the  manor, 

1  i.  201-218.  »  i.  197.  '  iii.  38. 

*  ii.  220:  "  Coparcenarii."  *  ii.  329,  343,  and  elsewhere. 


64  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

for  this  would  necessarily  vary  from  year  to  year.  In  another  class 
of  material,  the  account  rolls,  on  the  other  hand,  the  exact  conditions 
on  a  manor  in  a  given  year,  the  practical  workings  in  that  year  of 
the  provisions  of  the  extent,  may  be  studied.  The  account  roll 
gives  an  accurate  and  full  description  of  the  manorial  economy.  It 
is  an  itemized  account  rendered  yearly  at  Michaelmas  to  the  lord, 
by  the  reeve,  of  all  the  receipts  and  expenses  of  the  manor,  and  of 
the  current  product  and  stock.  Sometimes  there  is  added  an  exact 
description  of  the  "  works  "  rendered  in  that  year  by  the  villagers. 
Extents  and  account  rolls  overlap  a  little  in  date,  but  the  bulk  of 
the  account  rolls  is  later  than  the  extents. 

Series  of  account  rolls  exist  in  manuscript  for  almost  all  the 
Ramsey  manors.  The  great  number  of  these  documents  and  their 
comparative  difficulty  of  access  has  made  it  impossible  to  examine 
with  care  the  rolls  of  more  than  one  manor.  The  manor  of  Wistowe 
in  Huntingdonshire  has  been  chosen  because  there  seems  to  have 
been  no  unusual  circumstance  concerned  in  its  development,  and 
it  may  therefore  probably  be  taken  as  a  type  of  the  large  group  of 
Ramsey  manors  surrounding  it. 

Wistowe  lay  about  three  miles  south  of  Ramsey.^  The  village  was 
somewhat  square  in  shape,  with  the  manor  house  and  curia,  cover- 
ing about  three  acres  of  ground,  at  one  corner.  The  line  of  the 
banlieu  ran  across  the  village,  including  within  the  banlieu  the 
manor  house,  church,  and  part  of  the  village.  Along  a  brook  flow- 
ing north  past  the  village  through  Bury  to  the  Ramsey  fen  were  the 
Wistowe  meadows,  Thornebrigge  and  Benemede,  cut  twice  a  year; 
Holm,  Langepol,  Horsepol,  and  Fulebrok,  cut  once  a  year;  and 
Aldebyrislade  and  Chesehuslade,  cut  once  a  year  for  two  years,  and 
the  third  year  lying  at  pasture  with  the  fallow.  The  arable  land  lay 
beyond  ;  the  extent  of  1252  gives  an  interesting  list  of  the  demesne 
fields,  but  it  is  impossible  to  identify  the  names,  on  a  modern  map.^ 

Pasture  land  and  two  woods,  Sunderland  and  Rokesgrove,  also 
belonged  to  the  manor.  To  the  northeast  of  Sunderland,  perhaps 
near  the  present  Warboys  wood,  the  long  narrow  i)iece  of  Wistowe 
fen  land  extended  to  Wytmannclode.  In  1811,  before  the  manor 
was  enclosed,  there  were  1820  acres  in  arable,  60  in  meadow,  40  in 
pasture,  300  in  waste,  and  30  in  wood.' 

'  i.  351  :  Rot.  Hund.  ii.  602. 

'  There  is  probably  no  award  map  for  Wistowe. 

*  Parkinson,  Agriculture  of  the  County  of  Huntingdon. 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  65 

The  Wistowe  series  of  account  rolls  begins  with  an  account  for 
the  year  1297/  and  continues  with  numerous  breaks  tlirough  the 
two  succeeding  centuries.  The  earlier  rolls  only  have  been  exam- 
ined here  ;  those,  that  is  to  say,  for  the  years  1297, 1298,  1304,  1307, 
1311,  1316,  1318, 1324,  1336,  1351, 1354,  1368,  1472,  and  two  undated 
fragments,  one  belonging  between  1336  and  1351,  and  the  other 
probably  in  1466,  possibly  later.  Of  these,  the  rolls  for  1297,  1298, 
1307,  1311,  1316,  1318  (?),  1324, 1351, 1368,  and  1466  (?),  and  a  rental 
of  1381,  will  be  found  in  the  appendix.  Most  of  the  Wistowe  court 
rolls  have  also  been  examined. 

The  account  rolls  all  conform  to  one  general  type.  There  is  a 
preamble  in  which  is  given  the  name  of  the  reeve  or  bailiff  of  the 
manor,  with  the  date  and  length  of  time  accounted  for.  The  earlier 
accounts  are  rendered  by  the  reeve  alone,  but  after  the  roll  of  1336 
the  reeve  and  bailiff  sometimes  act  together,  and  in  the  fifteenth 
century  the  collector  of  rents  and  firmarius  appear.  The  date  is 
fixed  by  the  year  of  the  abbot  of  Ramsey,  to  which  is  sometimes 
added  the  year  of  the  regnant  king.  The  time  covered  is  usually 
from  Michaelmas  to  Michaelmas.  The  first  entry  after  the  preamble 
is  always  of  the  amount  of  arrears  from  the  preceding  account. 
Upon  this  follow  the  receipts  of  the  current  year  arranged  under 
certain  general  heads,  of  which  the  order  and  number  may  vary. 
The  most  important  sources  of  receipts  were  rents,  the  sale  of 
"works,"  grain,  and  stock,  fines,  gersumas,  and  the  proceeds  of  the 
view  of  frank  pledge  and  other  courts.  The  account  of  expendi- 
tures follows  the  receipts,  and  here  also  the  number  and  order  of 
heads  vary.  Payments  to  the  abbot's  chamber,  to  the  cellarer  and 
other  officers,  the  purchase  of  grain  and  stock,  the  cost  of  ploughs 
and  carts  and  utensils  of  various  kinds,  the  cost  of  the  mill,  of  food 
for  the  boon  days,  and  the  wages  and  payments  of  manorial  servants, 
are  the  most  important  items.  The  third  part  of  the  rolls  contains 
an  account  of  the  grain  and  stock  produced  by  the  manor,  with  an 
occasional  supplementary  description  of  the  labour  services  of  the 
villagers.  The  administration  of  Wistowe  will  be  most  readily 
studied  by  examining  these  items  in  order,  and  tracing  any  evi- 
dences of  economic  change  through  the  successive  rolls. 

The  first  item  under  the  receipts  of  the  manor  is  rents.  Rents 
included,  chiefly  (a),  land  rents — rents,  that  is  to  say,  from  land 

^  There  is  an  earlier  roll  in  the  Public  Recoid  Office,  but  it  is  very  difScult  to 
read.     Ministers'  Accounts,  88  )/29. 

5 


66  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

ad  cew^uni,  fixed  rents  (redditus  assisce),  and,  after  the  Black  Death, 
rents  from  the  demesne ;  (b),  customary  payments.  In  the  earlier 
rolls,  before  1350,  these  rents  are  entered  under  the  "terms  "  of  the 
year  at  which  they  were  paid  ;  later  all  are  grouped  together  under 
redditus  per  annum,  or  some  phrase  of  like  meaning.  The  terms  at 
which  payment  was  due  varied  with  the  kind  of  rent,  and  some- 
times also  with  the  year.  The  table  on  page  67  will  show  conve- 
niently the  rents  paid  in  Wistowe  from  1297-1380.  The  second 
column  shows  the  usual  terms  at  which  portions  of  the  rent  were 
paid. 

(a)  Land  rents.  The  study  of  land  rents  is  connected  with  im- 
portant questions  relating  to  the  disappearance  of  labour  services, 
the  growth  of  money  rents,  the  renting  of  demesne  lands,  and,  in 
short,  the  break  up  of  the  old  manorial  system.  The  subject  is  a 
difficult  one  largely  because  it  has  to  do  with  a  period  of  transition 
when  no  hard  and  fast  lines  can  be  drawn  between  the  various 
classes  of  tenures,  and  the  very  terms  used  are  difficult  to  define. 
To  understand  clearly  the  land  rents  in  Wistowe,  it  will  be  neces- 
sary, at  the  outset,  to  give  some  account  of  the  land  in  Wistowe  and 
Ravele  held  at  difl'erent  times  by  money  rents  and  labour  service, 
beginning  with  the  extents  and  following  through  the  rolls  to  the 
fifteenth  century.  The  necessary  information  for  this  purpose  can 
be  satisfactorily  obtained  from  those  rolls  only  in  which  there  are 
descriptions  of  the  number  and  kind  of  "  works  "  rendered  by  the 
villagers,  and  the  amount  of  land  still  held  at  labour  service.  From 
the  other  rolls  it  is  usually  impossible  to  tell  with  any  certainty  the 
amount  of  land  held  by  various  tenures. 

The  earliest  information  is  found  in  the  extents.  In  Henry  I.'s 
time^  6i,  perhaps  7,  virgates  were  ad  censum,  27  virgates  ad  opus; 
there  were  six  crofts  "and  eight  cotlands.  In  1252,*  30  J  virgates 
were  in  villenage;  one  virgate  was  held  ad  censum  by  the  Clerevaux 
and  4^  other  virgates  were  partly  ad  censum  ;  there  were  18  crofts 
and  a  number  of  smaller  holdings.  The  first  roll  containing  an 
account  of  works  is  that  of  1336.  In  this  year  bl  virgates  were  ad 
censum,  23  virgates  ad  opus.  The  services  of  four  other  virgates  were 
deducted  because  one  belonged  to  the  reeve  and  beadle,  two  to  the 
four  acreraen,  and  one  was  in  the  hands  of  the  lord.  9^  cotlands 
were  ad  opus,  and  in  the  autumn,  that  is  to  say,  from  the  Gules  of 

»  iii.  271.  =*  i.  351. 


WISTOWB    CONDITIONS. 


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68  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

August  to  Michaelmas,  five  hidemen  also.  In  135P  the  effect  of  the 
Black  Death  is  visihle ;  onl}^  three  virgates  were  ad  censum,  21  i  vir- 
gates  were  ad  opus  until  the  Gules  of  August,  when  a  half  virgate  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  lord.  The  services  of  the  three  virgates  held 
by  the  manorial  servants  were  deducted  as  before,  and  also  the  ser- 
vices of  four  virgates,  "  qiise  nichil  facmnt  irropter  impotentiam.^^  Three 
hidemen,  two  cotmen,  and  the  holders  of  two  half  coterells  were  in 
opere,  two  hidemen  were  in  manu  donvini,  and  the  services  of  seven 
cotmen  were  deducted  because  of  illness.  In  1368,^  Ih  virgates  were 
ad  censum,  19  virgates,  one  cotman,  and  five  hidemen  were  in  opere. 
In  the  rental  of  1381,^  81  virgates,  five  cotlands,  two  half  cotlands 
were  ad  cen>>um,  18  j  virgates,  five  hidemen  and  one  cotland  were  in 
opere.  In  the  two  rolls  of  the  next  century  all  this  was  changed,  and  a 
large  part  of  the  work  was  done  by  hired  labour.  In  1472  the  villata 
paid  a  lump  sum  of  £25.9.11  for  services  from  lands  "  nuper  in  opere 
et  censu.'^  The  roll  (c.)  1466*  gives  a  more  definite  account  of  the 
fate  of  the  labour  services.  All  were  not  yet  extinct ;  71  virgates  in 
Wistowe,  41  virgates  in  Ravele  still  owed  certain  new  and  old  boon- 
ploughings,  harrowings,  42  in  all,  carriages,  which,  however,  were 
not  performed  in  the  year  in  which  the  roll  was  written,  53  weed- 
ings,  20  haying  works,  49  j  autumn  reapings,  31-1  autumn  works,  and 
after  harvest  for  three  weeks,  two  works  a  week.  In  the  autumn 
the  works  of  two  hidemen  were  included.  All  the  customary  ten- 
ants of  Wistowe  and  Ravele  aided  in  shearing  the  sheep,  in  hay- 
making, and  in  the  autumn  boons ;  the  works  of  each  tenant  were, 
however,  comparatively  slight.  The  bulk  of  the  labour  services  had 
been  "  relaxed  "  nine  years  before. 

A  comparison  of  these  figures  shows  an  increase  in  the  amount  of 
land  ad  opus  between  the  time  of  Henry  I.  and  1252;  after  1252  a 
slow,  gradual  decrease  to  1380,  but  little  if  any  accelerated  by  the 
Black  Death.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  next  century,  although  the 
bulk  of  the  labour  services  had  disappeared,  an  appreciable  number 
was  still  performed,  and  for  the  rest  the  villeins  had  paid  a  compo- 
sition sum  with  which  free  labour  was  hired. 

The  number  of  virgates  ad  ccnsum  given  in  the  above  table  of  rents 
agrees  in  every  case  with  that  given  in  the  description  of  works ;  and 
we  may,  therefore,  conclude  that  tlie  number  of  virgates  in  the  list 
of  rents  covers  in  any  year  the  total  number  held  ad  ccnsum.     The 

^  Appendix,  pp.  70-73.  ^  Appendix,  pp.  85-86. 

*  Appendix,  p.  104.  *  Appendix,  pp.  92,  96,  101-103. 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  69 

rent  for  a  virgate  so  held  was  regularly  a  marc  (13  s.  4  d.),  paid  at 
the  feasts  of  the  Annunciation  and  the  Nativity  of  the  Virgin.  It. 
will  be  noticed  that  there  was  no  steady  relation  between  the  rise 
and  fall  of  the  amounts  of  land  ad  censim,  and  ad  opus;  the  land  ad 
censum  did  not  increase  by  the  amount  by  which  the  land  ad  02ms 
decreased.  The  amount  of  land  ad  censum  varied  only  very  slightly 
from  1297-1351.  The  drop  to  three  virgates  in  1351  was  probably 
due  to  the  ravages  of  the  Black  Death,  the  other  virgates  usually  ad 
censum  being  vacant.  After  the  Black  Death,  as  might  be  expected 
from  the  decrease  in  the  number  of  villagers,  the  amount  steadily  in- 
creased. The  variation  in  the  number  of  cotlands  ad  censum  was, 
on  the  other  hand,  great  and  without  apparent  cause.  The  number 
ad  ojncs  dropped  at  the  Black  Death  from  nine  to  one,  and  the  ser- 
vices of  the  seven  impotent  cotmen  of  1351  were  apparently  never 
resumed.  The  terms  cottars  and  crofters  seem  to  have  been  used 
interchangeably  in  the  rolls.  The  hidemen,  of  whom  there  were 
usually  five  ad  opus,  were  probably  the  descendants  of  the  five  men 
that  remained  in  the  hida  elemosinse^  in  the  extent  of  the  twelfth 
century.  Four  of  these  held  each  a  croft  and  two  acres  by  the  rent 
of  12  d.  and  one  day's  work  a  week.  The  fifth  held  a  toft  and  paid 
12  d.  Still  another  tenant  held  a  half  "  virga  "  in  the  same  hide. 
In  the  Hundred  Rolls^  four  "  hidemanlonds  "  are  described,  each 
containing  a  messuage  of  a  half  acre  and  a  croft  of  two  acres,  one 
rod.  The  tenant  worked  one  day  a  week,  paid  12  d.  for  redditus 
assisse  and  made  also  certain  villein  payments.  The  "akerman- 
londs  "  were  held  by  the  acremen  or  carucarii  on  a  labour  tenure 
with  the  exemptions  usually  given  to  manorial  servants. 

Beside  the  land  ad  opus  and  the  land  ad  censum  there  was  another 
kind  of  land  in  Wistowe,  held,  or  leased,  at  a  money  rent,  called 
terra  arentata.  It  is  the  rapid  increase  in  this  land,  especially  in  the 
demesne,  that  is  the  most  evident  effect  in  Wistowe  of  the  Black 
Death.  After  the  j^estilence  the  number  of  workmen  was  necessa- 
rily greatly  reduced,  the  price  of  labour  was  raised,  and,  since  the 
demesne  coijld  no  longer  be  cultivated  by  the  villagers,  the  lord 
began  to  let  to  outsiders  or  members  of  the  villata  the  parts  for  the 
cultivation  of  which  the  reduced  customaiy  labour  was  not  sufficient. 
The  first  lot  rented  was  one  of  53  acres,  in  le  Stokkinge,  to  the  men 
of  Bury  f  other  lots  in  le  Brach,  Bisshopeswong  and  other  demesne 

^  iii.  272.  2  jjot   Hund.  ii.  602.  ^  Appendix,  p.  59. 


70  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

fields  soon  followed,  so  that  by  1368'  142  acres  at  least  of  the  de- 
mesne had  passed  out  of  the  lord's  control.  The  rental  of  1381* 
contains  a  long  list  of  the  demesne  fields  that  have  been  arentatae, 
the  names  of  which  agree  with  those  in  the  extent  of  1252.  Not  all 
of  the  demesne,  however,  can  have  been  rented.  The  number  of 
labour  services  still  actually  performed  shows  that  the  greater  part 
must  have  remained  in  the  lord's  hands  to  be  worked  as  before  by 
the  lord's  customary  tenants.  For  this  part  the  system  of  bailiff 
farming  may  have  been  in  use  for  some  ^^ears  after  the  Black  Death, 
since  the  bailiff's  name  appears  with  the  reeve's  in  the  rolls  of  1351 
and  1354,  but  the  rolls  show  no  change  in  the  general  organization 
of  the  manor  beyond  the  leasing  of  the  demesne  lots. 

The  third  and  last  kind  of  land  rents  accounted  for  in  the  rolls 
was  the  fixed  rents  Qredditus  assissh)  including  rents  in  money  and 
kind.  These  were  rents  received  with  regularity  year  after  year. 
Land  held  thus  would^erhaps  differ  from  that  ad  censum  in  being 
subject  to  no  fluctuations  and  in  supplying  to  the  lord  an  assured 
revenue.  It  is  evident  that  fixed  rents  formed  usually  an  important 
part  of  the  profits  of  a  manor.  During  a  vacancy  of  Ramsey  from 
October,  1254,  to  Januar}^  1255,  the  redditus  amsse  were  the  second 
item  in  amount,  and  reached  the  considerable  sum  of  £32.12  s.  from 
all  the  manors.  In  Wistowe,  however,  the  amount  collected  was 
for  a  long  time  trifling.  From  1297  to  1368  all  that  is  recorded  is 
one  unvarying  sum  of  4  s.  6  d.  (together,  in  1297,  with  76  hens),  paid 
always  at  Michaelmas.  After  1380  the  rent  increased,  the  original 
4  s.  Q  d.  disappearing  or  becoming  merged  in  the  larger  amount. 
In  the  later  rolls  the  sources  of  the  rent  are  indicated.  In  1381,^ 
for  instance,  the  rent  amounting  to  some  14  s.,  was  derived  from  two 
free  tenements,  two  free  half  virgates,  a  manse,  a  forge,  three  mes- 
suages and  hangerlond.  In  the  next  century,  in  1472,  it  was  paid 
from  the  land  and  tenements  of  the  old  fief  of  Robert  Love,  from 
half  messuages,  meadows,  furlongs,  and  the  like. 

(&)  The  study  of  customary  payments  in  Wistowe  adds  very  little 
to  what  has  been  already  said  concerning  such  payments-on  the  Ram- 
sey manors  in  general.  The  money  was  paid,  for  the  more  part,  as 
composition  for  the  labour  services  of  the  villeins,  and  the  origin  of 
the  payments  may  be  usually  found  among  the  services  described 
in  the  extents. 

^  Appendix,  pp.  74-75.  '  Appendix,  pp.  108-  ;  especially  113-116. 

'  Appendix,  p.  104-. 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS,  71 

Sheriff's  aid  was  paid  in  Wistowe  at  the  rate  of  6  (/.  a  virgate.  After 
the  Black  Death  there  was  a  fall  in  the  amount.  Originally  a  forinsec 
payment,  it  was  received  by  the  abbot  as  farmer  of  the  hundred  of 
Hirstingston.  Wardsilver,  also  originally  a  forinsec  payment,  was 
paid  at  Martinmas  at  the  rate  of  a  farthing  a  virgate.  Argentum 
vinese  was  the  wynyardsilver  of  other  manors.'  Notesilver  may  be  con- 
veniently added  to  the  list  of  customary  payments,  although  in  the 
rolls  it  occurs  among  the  small  sales.  The  following  passage  from 
the  extent^  will  explain  the  payment :  "  If  nuts  abound  in  the  woods 
of  Sunderland  and  Rokesgrave,  he  (the  virgater)  shall  collect  in  the 
same  a  fourth  part  of  one  bushel  of  nuts  on  the  day  of  the  Behead- 
ing of  John  Baptist,  or  on  some  other  feast  day,  if  the  lord  will." 
The  payment  in  commutation  of  this  service  was  li  d.  from  each 
virgate,  and  amounted  to  something  between  3  s.  and  3  s.  8  d.  In 
the  years  1368. and  1380  the  payment  was  not  made,  because  there 
were  no  nuts.^ 

In  the  rental  of  1381  and  the  rolls  of  the  fifteenth  century  two 
tallages  are  mentioned  among  the  rents.^  The  Easter  tallage  was 
levied  on  land,  10  d.  on  a  virgate,  li>  d.  on  a  cotland  and  2  d.  on  a 
hideland.  The  Michaelmas  tallage  was  paid  for  the  agistment  of 
beasts,  i  d.  for  a  horse,  2  d.  for  a  hestla,  1  d.  for  eight  pigs,  and  1  d. 
for  eight  sheep.  The  rolls  declare  that  no  more  than  this  was  paid 
for  sheep  because  the  sheep  lay  at  the  fold  of  the  abbot.  Perhaps 
in  some  years  the  villein  had  the  privilege,  denied  to  strangers  and 
to  those  that  used  the  pasture  although  they  had  no  lands  in  Wis- 
towe, of  folding  his  own  sheep.*  In  this  case  he  probably  paid  a 
higher  tallage. 

Washinypenny,  paid  by  the  villagers  in  1466  (?),^  was  a  commuta- 
tion of  the  duty  of  washing  the  sheep,  a  service  at  that  time  per- 
formed by  hired  labour. 

Of  the  remaining  customary  payments  hangcrlondiiilver  and  heus- 
chire  need  a  word  of  comment.  Hangcrlondsilver  was  a  small  pay- 
ment made  in  years  in  which  certain  land  called  hangerlond, 
meadow  land,"  was  sown ;  if  the  land  were  not  sown  the  payment 
was  not  made.  It  is  possible  that  the  land  itself  did  not  lie  in 
Wistowe,  but  in  the  neighbouring  manor  of  King's  Ripton,  for  in 
1297  and  1307  payments  of  4  d.  were  made  to  that  manor  pro  han- 

1  i.  358.  2  Appendix,  p.  76.  *  Appendix,  pp.  90,  113. 

*  i.  354.  ^  Appendix,  p.  95. 

^  See  Bosworth-Toller  :  liangra  =  a  meadow,  a  piece  of  land  along  a  road. 


72  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

gerlond}  The  word  occurs  again  in  the  extent  of  Abbot's  Ripton.^ 
Heuschire  was  levied,  as  on  most  manors,  at  the  rate  of  12  d.  or  13  d. 
a  virgate.  Partial  exemptions  were  made  for  the  officers  of  the 
manor,  a  reduction,  that  is  to  say,  of  2  d.  each  for  the  reeve,  beadle, 
and  four  acromen,  and,  until  1324,  for  the  smith  also.  Occasionally 
a  larger  reduction  was  made  for  the  Asplond  land.  The  payment 
is  entered  as  reddltus  cum  liensckire,  and  since  13  d.  a  virgate  would 
not  amount  to  the  large  sums  given,  quite  half  the  j^ayment  may 
be  credited  to  the  redditus. 

In  the  rolls  of  1466  (?)  and  1472  the  former  payments  of  the  tenants 
"  lately  in  opere  et  censii,^^  are  enumerated,  nothing  being  rendered  in 
these  years  because  the  customars  had  been  "  placed  at  new  works" 
iad  nova  opera).  The  relaxation  of  sheriff's  aid,  heuschire,  malt- 
silver,  fishsilver,  argentum  vineas,  wethersilver  and  the  Easter  tallage 
took  place  in  1413,  the  seventeenth  year  of  Ab'bot  Thomas  Boterwyk. 
Notesilver,  pondage,  and  tallage  to  the  cellarer  were  placed  in  denariis 
in  1442.^  1413  was  the  year  in  which,  on  most  of  the  Ramsey  manors, 
the  old  wa)rks  wore  abolished,  and  new  and  much  lighter  ones  sub- 
stituted.* 

The  next  heading  in  the  rolls  after  rents  is  the  sale  of  "  works." 
The  "  works  "  were  the  regular  labour  services,  a  number  of  which, 
varying  with  the  number  required  to  cultivate  the  demesne,  were  in 
each  year  sold,  or,  in  other  words,  remitted  for  a  money  equivalent. 
There  is  extreme  irregularity  in  this  number.  In  1297,  260  works 
were  sold  ;  in  1307,  1470;  in  1311,  596i  ;  in  1316,  272;  in  1324,  537  ; 
in  1336,  242^  ;  in  1351,  4241 ;  in  136s,  456;  in  1380,  189^.  In  1472  a 
lump  sum  of  something  over  £25  was  paid  for  all  the  services ;  in  the 
fragment  of  1466  (?)  almost  all  the  services  have  been  relaxed.  The 
prices  of  works  were  invariable.  Autumn  works  were  always  the 
most  valuable,  selling  at  1 J  d  ;  works  after  autumn  sold  at  1  d.,  sum- 
n)er  works  at  f  d.,  winter  works  at  2  d.  The  sums  received  varied 
from  £4.19  s.  9  d.  in  1307  to  13  s.  6  d.  in  1316.  The  i)roportion  of  the 
total  number  of  works  of  each  season  sold  in  an  average  j^ear  can 
be  determined  from  the  rolls.  In  1368,  in  the  winter,  from  Martin- 
mas to  the  eve  of  the  vigil  of  Pentecost  (June  5),  19  virgates  were 
responsible  for  1306  works  ;  209  of  these,  hawever,  fell  on  feast  days, 
and  were,  therefore,  remitted;  76  were  paid  in  maltsilver  and  argen- 

^  Appendix,  pp.  5,  22,  and  elsewhere.  *  i.  328. 

'  See  Minister's  Accounis,  8*^5/14. 

*  Page,  Umwandhing  der  Frolindienste  in  Geldrenten,  45,  note. 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  73 

turn  vinece;  801-  works  were  sold;  1300 J  were  actUcally  rendered  in 
threshing,  hedging,  thatching,  harrowing,'  etc.  In  the  summer, 
tliat  is  from  Pentecost  to  the  vigil  of  the  Gules  of  August,  from  a 
total  of  483,  76  works  fell  on  feast  days,  106  were  sold,  and  301  ren- 
dered in  cutting  and  tossing  hay,  making  marl,  weeding,  tlireshing, 
and  the  like.  In  the  autumn,  from  the  Gules  of  August  to  the  eve 
of  the  Nativity  of  the  Virgin,  from  a  total  of  848  works,  two  feast 
days  cancelled  38  works,  260  were  sold,  and  550  rendered.  After  the 
autumn,  from  the  Nativity  of  the  Virgin  to  the  eve  of  Michaelmas, 
189  works  were  due,  57  fell  on  feast  days,  Ql  were  sold,  and  122^- 
were  performed.^  Thus  it  is  clear  that  to  a  late  date  a  very  small 
proportion  of  works  was  sold  ;  the  greater  number  were  still  rendered 
in  the  old  labour  service. 

It  is  disappointing  to  find  in  the  Ramsey  rolls  so  little  direct  evi- 
dence of  the  economic  changes  resulting  from  the  Black  Death  and 
the  Peasants'  Revolt  of  1381.  On  most  manors  the  Black  Death 
caused  a  rapid  increase  in  money  rents  for  labour  service ;  in  Wistowe, 
however,  its  most  evident  effect  was,  as  has  been  said,  an  ■increase 
in  the  land  are/data.  The  cause  of  the  revolt  of  1381  was  claimed 
by  Professor  Thorold  Rogers  to  have  been  the  attempted  resumption 
by  the  lord  of  the  old  labour  services,  that  had  come,  largely  through 
the  influence  of  the  Black  Death,  to  be  paid  in  money,  and  no  longer 
in  actual  work.^  There  is  no  evidence  in  Wistowe  of  any  such  resump- 
tion of  labour  services.  Until  1368  the  evidence  points  to  a  gradual 
increase  in  the  land  ad  censum,  but  also,  as  has  been  shown,  to  a 
constant  decrease  after  1252  in  the  land  ad  opus,  and  to  a  perma- 
nence in  the  proportionate  number  of  labour  services  performed. 
Each  virgate  in  1336,  1351,  and  1368  rendered  between  170  and  180 
works  a  year.  No  rolls  have  been  examined  for  the  years  between 
1368  and  1380,  but  the  documents  of  1380  and  1381  show  no  evidence 
of  any  tendency  to  enforce  the  labour  services ;  the  same  customary 
payments  are  enumerated  in  them  as  in  the  earlier  rolls,  and  there  is 
no  violent  change  either  in  the  number  of  virgates  ad  censum  and  ad 
opus  or  in  the  rents  paid.  The  resumption  of  labour  services  would 
necessarily  have  left  a  mark  somewhere  in  the  rolls.  The  services 
that  could  be  resumed  would  be  those  commuted  in  the  customary 
payments,  or  the  services  of  the  virgates  lately  put  ad  censum.  The  ser- 
vices of  the  virgaters  ad  opus  are  so  regularly  and  definitely  accounted 

*  The  sum  of  winter  works  in  the  roll  is  wrong  somewhere. 

^  Appendix,  pp.  85,  86.  '      *  Kogers,  Agriculture  and  Prices,  I.  81-82. 


74  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

for,  those  omitted  on  account  of  illness,  and  the  number  sold  in  any 
year  are  so  carefully  recorded,  that  one  cannot  suppose  that  these 
were  not,  until  1368,  actually  performed.  175  works  from  a  virgater 
is  a  considerable  number  of  services.  Leaving  out  of  account  feast 
days,  he  must  still  have  worked  for  the  lord  during  a  good  part  of 
the  year.  The  court  rolls  of  Wistowe\  like  the  account  rolls,  show 
no  trace  of  a  resumption  of  services.  There  is,  it  is  true,  in  the 
rolls  for  Richard  II. 's  reign  an  occasional  trifling  fine  for  neglect  of 
labour,  but  such  fines  do  not  by  any  means  cease  al\er  1381.  The 
explanation  of  the  exemption  of  Wistowe  from  a  return  to  the  old 
services,  if  such  a  return  were  ever  attempted  an3'where,  might  per- 
haps be  that  Wistowe  was  church  land  on  which  the  old  services 
had  never  been  to  any  great  degree  resigned,  and  that  the  abbot  of 
Ramsey  had,  therefore,  no  temptation  to  such  measures  of  oppres- 
sion.^ 

Sale  of  Grain. — The  prices  of  grain  in  the  Wistowe  rolls  correspond, 
in  the  main,  with  the  average  prices  given  b}'-  Rogers.  One  excep- 
tionally high  rate  is  given:  peas  and  wheat  reached  8  s.  a  ring  (16  s. 
a  quarter)  in  1316,  the  year  of  the  famine.  Probably  very  little,  if 
any,  grain  was  sold  outside  the  manor.  Most  of  it  was  bought  by 
winnowers  (ventrices)  and  taskaloresj^  who  probably  lived  within  the 
vill.  Twice  in  the  year  1316  peas  were  sold  in  market  (in  foro), 
once  at  Easter  and  once  at  the  feast  of  St.  Benedict.  The  number 
of  outsiders  at  such  a  market  would,  however,  be  ver}^  small. 

Sale  of  Stock. — The  receipts  from  the  sale  of  stock,  live  stock  and 
"  dead  "  stock,  formed  an  important  part  of  the  revenues  of  the 
manor.  The  live  stock  included  pigs,  cattle,  horses,  oxen,  sheep, 
and  poultry.  Dead  stock  included  such  articles  as  hides  of  cattle, 
oxen,  or  horses,  carcasses  of  dead  animals,  often  of  those  drowned 
in  the  fen  or  killed  by  the  murrain,  about  eating  whose  flesh  there 
seems  to  have  been  no  hesitation,  the  fleece  and  skins  of  lambs, 

*  Public  Record  Office,  Court  Kolls,  179/10,  and  following. 

*  Page  (Umwandlung  der  Frohndienste  in  Geldrenten)  has  shown  that  the 
Peasants'  Revolt  had  nothing  to  do  with  labor  services,  but  that,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  lightening  of  services  in  eastern  and  central  England  kept  on  steadily 
and  gradually  after  the  Black  Death  until  all  services  were  relaxed. 

^  I  have  completed  the  MS.  form  ta.-^k'  thus  at  the  suggestion  of  ^Ir.  Hall, 
but  I  am  not  sure  of  the  form  or  the  meaning.  There  may  be  some  connection 
with  the  common  phrase  ad  lascham,  and  the  tuskalores  may  have  been  villagers  who 
worked  regularly  by  the  task  instead  of  by  the  number  of  works  or  days  of  work. 
Rogers  mentions  tassatoreji.     Cf.  Appendix,  p.  2  (note). 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  75 

flitches,  hams,  cheeses,  butter,  milk,  and  eggs.  The  prices  cor- 
respond in  the  main  with  those  given  in  Rogers'  tables.  The 
largest  sale,  in  1316,  amounted  to  £13  2  s.  11  d. 

Miscellaneous  articles  of  small  value  were  grouped  under  the 
heading  Mimita  Vendita.  These  included  hay  sold  by  the  mow 
(midlio),  bundle,  or  little  truss  (tassiculus) .  In  1324  no  hay  was 
sold  "  on  account  of  the  flood.'"  Underwood  of  all  kinds,  stipida, 
aldres,  mortua  busca,  old  hedges,  rotveres,  loppes,  esdiaites  arborum, 
croppes,  bark,  fruit  of  the  garden  and  thensid',^  apples,  nuts,  tan, 
payment  for  lambs,  pannage  for  pigs,  jwlic',^  used  for  the  mill- 
stone (1  s.). 

The  remaining  receipts  of  the  manor  were  derived  from  fines, 
gersumas  and  perquisites  of  the  courts.  Gersumas  were  of  two 
kinds.  The  first,  paid  for  ingress  to  land,  amounted  usually  to  20  s. 
a  half  virgate,  once  to  40  s.  Whether  the  lawful  heir  succeeded  to 
the  land  or  a  stranger  seems  to  have  made  no  difference  in  the 
amount  paid.  With  this  kind  of  gersuma  may  be  classed  the 
heriots,  the  number  of  which  that  amounted  to  2  s.  6  d.  implies  that 
many  of  the  villagers  of  Wistowe  held  half  virgates.  The  heriot 
from  a  full  virgate,  according  to  the  extent  of  1252,  was  5  s.  The 
second  kind  of  gersuma  was  money  paid  for  permission  to  marry 
within  or  without  the  manor.  Such  gersumas  were  paid  occasion- 
ally by  the  man,  more  often  by  the  woman  herself,  or  by  her  father. 
The  amount  varied  from  1  s.  to  4.s.  In  1380,  Joanna,  wife  of  Rich- 
ard Vernoun,  paid  as  much  as  26  s.  8  d. 

Perquisites  of  Courts.— The  chief  manorial  courts  mentioned  in  the 
rolls  are  the  court  held  for  the  view  of  frank  pledge,  called  after 
1336  the  leet  court,  and  an  autumn  court.  The  chief  profits  of  the 
court  for  the  view  of  frank  pledge  were  derived  from  chevage 
(hevedsilver)  and  fines.  In  1307  the  amount  reached  £4  9  s.  1  d. ;  in 
1336,  £3  13  s.  4  d. ;  in  1380,  only  £1  8  s.  5  d.  The  large  amount  re- 
ceived indicates  that  this  was  the  great  court  of  the  year,  the  receipts 
from  the  autumn  court  being  very  much  smaller.  The  court  rolls 
of  Wistowe-^  show  that  the  view  of  frank  pledge  was  held  at  various 
times,  but  usually  in  the  late  fall.  The  business  usual  at  manorial 
courts  was  transacted.  The  chief  misdemeanours  recorded  are:  en- 
croachments on  the  lord's  wood  and  marsh,  either  by  digging,  cut- 
ting, and  carrying  away  rods,  sticks,  turf,  and  the  like,  or  by  the 

*  Appendix,  p.  54.  2  I  cannot  explain  this  word. 

^  Public  Kecord  Office,  Court  KoUs,  179/40. 


76 


ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 


depredations  of  the  villeins'  pigs  or  sheep,  trespasses  of  villein  cattle 
on  the  lord's  peas  and  grain,  encroachments  on  royal  highways, 
thefts,  sometimes,  of  corn  from  the  grange,  impounding  of  the  lord's 
cattle,  violations  of  the  assize  of  ale,  slander,  assault,  and  inconti- 
nence. Fines  were  imposed  in  slightly  increasing  number  in  the 
later  rolls  for  non-performance  of  labour  services,  for  stopping  work 
at  noon  against  the  custom  of  the  vill,  for  bad  ploughing  on  the 
lord's  land,  sometimes  also  for  withdrawal  from  office,  a  certain 
John  Outy  paying  on  one  occasion  20  s.  that  he  might  be  excused 
from  the  office  of  beadle  for  the  year.  Often  ale  tasters  were  fined 
for  non-performance  of  their  duties.  The  increase  in  these  fines  in 
later  years  was  probably  due  to  the  growth  of  the  ideas  of  freedom, 
the  use  of  hired  labour,  and  the  difficulty  in  enforcing  villein  labour. 
The  sum  of  all  the  receipts  for  the  year  is  given  at  the  end  of  the 
several  headings.  In  the  same  way  the  sum  of  all  the  expenses  for 
the  year,  together  with  the  difference  owed  by  the  reeve,  is  given  at 
the  end  of  the  expenses.  The  amount  of  money  that  passed  through 
the  reeve's  hands  in  different  years  varied  greatly.  In  1368,  for 
example,  a  great  deal  of  buying  and  selling  was  done  in  the  manor, 
and  the  reeve  had  to  account  for  £77  8.s.  6y\  d.  In  1298  and  1304 
very  little  business  was  done ;  in  1304  the  reeve  accounted  for  only 
£3  6  s.  52  d.  The  expenses  were  less  than  the  receipts  in  every  year 
except  1351,  when  they  exceeded  the  receipts  by  19  s.  91  d  The 
profit  varied  from  iSs.1  d.  to  £36  8  s.  91  d.  and  f  of  i  d.  The  following 
table  will  show  the  receipts  and  expenses,  and  the  profit  or  loss  for 
each  year : 


Receipts. 

Expenses. 

Profit. 

Loss. 

1297 

£.    s.    d. 
22    2    8 

3  13    8% 

3    6    5H 
44  15  WA 
38    1    2 
18    3      % 
53    7 
37    5    4'% 
42  18  10i2 
27    8    2% 
77    8    6j|,?4  0fJ/i 
44  16    2j| 

£.    s.    d. 

3     7     1 
1   15       y 
38     1      6 
32           lOK 

1 

34     3      ^M 
36     8 
28     8 

41    3    %yi 

£.    s.    d. 

6    7 
1  11    5 
6  14    4% 
6          3j| 

17  3    y^ 

3    2      V 
6  10  10^ 

36    8    9%,%ofJ4 

£.    s.    d. 

1298 

1304 

1307 

i:!ll 

1316  A 

1316  B 

1324 

1336 

1351 

19    9><$ 

1368 

1380 

Expenses. — The  following  were  the  more  important  yearly  ex- 
penses of  Wistowe:  payments  made  to  abbey  officers  and  others, 
the  purchase  of  stock  and  grain,  the  cost  of  ploughs  and  carts,  the 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  77 

cost  of  horseshoeing,  the  repair  of  buildings,  small  expenses,  pay- 
ments made  to  manorial  ministers,  wages,  gifts,  and  a  few  remitted 
rents  and  miscellaneous  expenses. 

The  payments  made  to  abbey  officers  are  chiefly  interesting  be- 
cause they  show  the  connexion  between  Wistowe  and  Ramsey,  the 
amount,  that  is  to  say,  of  money,  stock  and  grain  paid  each  year  by 
Wistowe  to  the  abbey.'  Payments  were  made  to  three  departments 
of  the  abbey — to  the  abbot's  chamber,  to  the  cellarer,  and  to  the 
chaplain  and  lesser  officers.  The  amount  of  money  paid  into  the 
abbot's  chamber  varied ;  in  1316  it  was  £14  1  s.  lOJ  d. ;  in  1307,  1311 
and  1324  it  was  a  little  over  £7  ;  in  1297, 1336  and  1352  it  was  £3  or 
over.  In  1298  only  one  item  of  11  s.  from  the  Grafham  land  is  re- 
corded. The  money  thus  paid  over  to  Ramsey  was  derived  from 
sheriff's  aid,  perquisites  of  the  view  of  frank  pledge,  and  gersumas, 
from  sundry  rents,  and  from  the  sale  of  the  proceeds  of  the  manor 
in  hay,  peas,  and  grain.  The  payment  in  kind  to  the  chamber  was 
made  usually  for  some  special  occasion.  In  1307,  for  instance,  one 
calf  and  six  goats  were  sent  to  the  abbot  at  the  burial  of  Edward 
I.,  and  four  goats  and  poultry  were  sent  at  Pentecost.^  In  1316, 
when  Abbot  John  de  Sawtrey  died,  a  number  of  small  birds,  twelve 
hens,  the  carcasses  of  an  ox  and  two  cows,  four  little  jDigs  and  thirty- 
two  doves  were  sent  to  Ramsey  for  his  burial.^  For  the  installation 
of  the  new  abbot,  Simon  de  Eye,  capons,  hens  and  ducks  were  sent, 
together  with  poultry  and  other  things  for  the  cardinal.  The  value 
of  the  stock  bought  to  send  to  Ramsey  in  1307  reached  34  s.  1  d. 
A  larger  part  of  the  stock  sent  was  usually  taken  direct  from  the 
proceeds  of  the  manor,  and  the  money  value  is  therefore  not  given. 
In  1324  a  bull,  a  pig  and  fourteen  rings  of  oats  were  sent  to  Erough- 
ton  for  the  abbot's  use  there,*  and  during  the  same  year,  before  and 
after  Easter,  there  were  further  donations  of  birds,  little  pigs  and 
cheeses.  All  the  payments  in  stock  made  to  the  chamber  seem  to 
have  been  for  the  abbot's  personal  use.  It  may  be  remembered 
that  it  was  from  the  supply  of  the  chamber  that  in  earlier  times  the 
cellarer  could  draw,  in  order  to  make  good  any  deficiencies  in  the 
manorial  farms. 

A  larger  payment  of  live  stock  made  to  the  cellarer  of  the  abbey 
is  probably  the  only  trace  of  the  old  "  lent  farm  "  owed  by  Wis- 

1  The  amount  of  grain  sent  to  Ramsey  is  entered  under  the  grain  account  in 
the  third  part  of  the  rolls. 

^  Appendix,  p.  22.  ^  Appendix,  pp.  43,  45.  *  Appendix,  p.  55. 


78  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

towe.  The  amount  of  stock  varied  somewhat  from  year  to  year ;  in 
1307,  1311  and  1336,  however,  it  remained  practically  the  same,  and 
consisted  of  115  cheeses,  weighing  1^  lbs.  each,  6  rings  of  beans, 
11  geese,  103  hens,  and  1860  eggs  from  the  produce  of  the  manor. 
By  purchase  it  included  also  5i  lbs.  of  hard  cheese,  7?  lbs.  of  bacon, 
frescings,  lambs,  the  flesh  of  an  ox  and  a  sheep,  butter,  herring,  and 
fresh  cheese.  The  value  of  the  bought  stock,  together  with  60  s. 
paid  on  tally,  reached  some  £13.^  The  amount  of  grain  sent  to 
Ramsey  in  1307,  most  of  which  was  probably  received  with  the 
above  stock  by  the  cellarer,  was :  of  wheat,  207  rings ;  of  peas,  6 
rings  for  fodder  ;  of  oats,  108  rings  ;  of  mixture,  54  rings ;  of  grouts, 
180  rings ;  of  barley,  164  rings.'' 

In  addition  to  the  payments  to  the  chamber  and  cellarer,  3  s. 
was  given  each  year  to  the  chaplain,  2  s.  3  d  wynyardsilver  to  the 
sub-cellarer,  7i  d.  to  the  sartrinum  for  soap  and  thread,  and  6  d.  to 
the  brewhouse  for  candles.  The  receiver  of  the  convent  got  6  s.  for 
meadow,  and  occasionally  the  sacristan  received  2.s.  for  wood.  The 
revenue  in  money  derived  by  Ramsey  from  Wistowe  was,  therefore, 
covered  in  the  main  by  the  payments  made  into  the  abbot's  cham- 
ber; the  amounts  paid  to  other  departments  were  trifling.  The 
value  of  the  revenue  in  kind,  of  which  the  greater  part  went  to  the 
cellarer,  cannot  be  accurately  determined,  because  it  was  largely 
derived  from  the  manorial  stock,  and  has  no  money  value  given  in 
the  rolls. 

On  behalf  of  the  manor  the  reeve  owed  a  few  trifling  rents  or 
payments  included  among  the  expenses.  In  1297, 1324, 1336, 1352, 
1368,  and  1380,  2  s.  2]-  d.  was  paid  at  Upwood  for  the  Upwood  farm, 
8  d.  to  the  Broughton  family  for  the  Graf  ham  land,  and  8  d.  to  the 
Gosselyns.^  In  1466  (?)  the  same  rents  are  mentioned,  but  the 
names  of  the  receivers  are  different.*  In  1297  and  1307  there  was 
also  a  payment  of  4  d.  for  hangerlondsilver  to  the  manor  of  Ripton 
Regis.* 

Purchase  of  Gi'ain  and  *Stoc^\— Wistowe  was  practically  self-sup- 
porting, and  comparatively  little  grain  or  stock  was  bought,  just  as 
little  was  sold.  Purchases  were  usually  made  for  some  special  pur- 
pose— to  send  to  Ramsey,  for  instance,  or  to  sujiply  the  reeve  on  a 
journey  to  Wisbeach.    The  largest  sum  paid  for  stock  and  grain 


1  Appendix,  pp.  22,  34.  *  Appendix,  pp.  23,  24. 

»  Appendix,  pp.  5,  55,  77.         ''  Appendix,  p.  94.        *  Appendix,  pp.  5,  22. 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  79 

was  £6  10  s.  9^  d.  in  1307,  and  of  this  £4  13  s.  went  for  a  special 
purchase  of  124  lambs  from  Roger  de  Norton.^  Again,  in  1324, 
from  a  total  of  £5  1  s.  4  d.,  £3  12  d.  was  paid  for  lambs.'  The 
largest  purchase  of  grain  was  in  1368,  when  15  quarters  of  wheat 
cost  £3  16  s.  8  d.'     • 

Cost  of  Ploughs  and  Carts.— The  chief  articles  purchased  for  ploughs 
were :  ploughshares,  clouts,  steel  in  garbs,  iron  in  pieces,  wood, 
nails,  halters  for  the  plough  beasts,  and  iron  for  "  hokes,  haspis, 
slingis,  and  cappings."*  The  carts  required  clouts  for  the  axles' 
strake,  brodd,  and  frykyng  nails,  hides  for  the  harness,  tar,  cords, 
halters,  grease,  axles,  bypbynea  (?),  borle  for  the  saddle  and  collar, 
kyppelyne  (?),  canvas,  wyneges'  and  dewilleges  (?).  The  wages  of 
carters  and  of  men  making  and  repairing  the  ploughs  and  carts  also 
come  under  this  head.  The  wages  of  the  smith  for  making  ploughs 
through  the  year  in  1307  amounted  to  2  s. ;  in  1311  and  1324,  for 
making  the  iron- work  of  the  plough  and  shoeing  the  horses,  2  .5. ; 
in  1351,  for  the  iron-work  of  three  ploughs,  10  s.  &  d.;  in  1472,  for 
iron-work  and  shoeing  the  horses  on  all  feet,  10  s.  The  carpenter 
shared  in  making  the  wood-work  of  the  ploughs  and  carts.  In 
1297  he  received  2  s.  3  d.  for  making  and  repairing  ploughs  by  the 
year;  in  1304  and  1307  he  worked  for  a  penny  a  day,  with  food 
from  the  lord's  table;  in  1311  he  made  ploughs  at  task,  receiving 
2  s.  5i  d. ;  in  1336  he  received  3  s.  for  the  year;  in  1351,  for  mak- 
ing and  repairing  the  wood-work  of  the  plough  from  the  lord's 
wood,  by  the  year,  2  s.  10  d. ;  in  1368,  3  s.  6  d.  In  1466  (?)  a  car- 
penter was  hired  to  make  repairs  for  2  s.  3  d.^  The  carter's  wages 
are  discussed  under  small  expenses. 

Horseshoes.— The  expense  of  horseshoeing  usually  included  the 
cost  of  iron  and  nails,  and  the  payment  of  the  smith.  Sometimes 
the  material  was  furnished  by  the  lord  (1311),  sometimes  by  the 
smith  (1324).  In  1324  the  smith,  furnishing  his  own  iron  and  nails, 
received  15  s.  for  shoeing  six  cart-horses  and  six  stotts  for  the  year.' 

The  information  concerning  boon  services  in  the  Wistowe  rolls 
has  been  already  discussed. 

Small  expenses  included  cloth  for  sacks  and  canvas  for  the  dairy, 
the  cost  of  combing  and  fulling  wool,  baskets  and  vessels  for  water 
and  milk,  presses  for  the  dairy,  dishes  and  pewter  utensils,  the  care 

1  Appendix,  p.  22.  ^  Appendix,  p.  56.  »  Appendix,  p.  77. 

*  Appendix,  p.  77.  s  Appendix,  pp.  61,  78,  and  elsewhere. 

»  Appendix,  28,  34,  56  ;  6,  28,  61,  77,  94.  '  Appendix,  p.  56. 


80  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

of  pigs,  the  wages  of  the  herdsmen,  porcarius,  and  carters,  the  tan- 
ning of  hides  for  harness,  parchment,  various  agricultural  instru- 
ments, such  as  vanges,  tribuli,  tripods,  forks,  schoneltre,  schone- 
lerynges  (?),  taratantaro,  the  cutting  and  carrying  of  rushes,  salt, 
bought  by  the  ring  and  bushel,  and  the  care  of  slieep. 

Sheep. — The  accounts  of  stock  show  that  there  were  usually  be- 
tween two  and  three  hundred  sheep  belonging  to  the  demesne.  Be- 
sides the  money  paid  to  the  shepherd,  included  in  the  wages  of  the 
manorial  servants,  there  were  certain  other  expenses  incident  to  the 
care  of  sheep.  A  quantity  of  milk,  in  1311  26  gallons  at  1  d.  a 
gallon,  was  bought  for  the  lambs,^  candles  were  necessary  at  lamb- 
ing time,  and  oil,  tar,  and  bitumen  mixed  with  butter  were  used  in 
cases  of  the  scab. 

Any  payment  made  to  a  carter,  outside  his  regular  wages,  for  an 
unusual  carrying  service,  or  to  meet  his  expenses  while  on  a  jour- 
ney, was  also  usually  included  among  small  expenses.  Once  4000 
reeds,  carried  from  Middlemoor  to  Bury  bridge,  cost  3  s.2d.f  again, 
the  abbot  was  taken  to  London  or  the  reeve  to  Wisbeach.^  Many 
such  extra  carriages  were  to  buy  grain.  The  usual  cost  was  2  d. 
if  the  distance  were  not  very  great.  Wistowe  carters  went  as  far  as 
Therfield  in  Hertfordshire,  Cranfield  and  Shitlingdon  in  Bedford- 
shire, and  even  to  London. 

Repair  of  buildings. — The  buildings  and  out  houses  mentioned  in 
the  rolls  are :  a  hall,  a  greater  and  lesser  grange,  a  brew  house,  a 
bake  house,  a  sheep  fold,  a  pig  pen,  a  hen  house,  a  dove  house,  a 
bestiarium,  an  ox  house,  a  cart  house  and  granaries.  The  main  item 
of  expense  connected  with  these  was  thatching.  Although  pea 
stalks  and  grain  were  sometimes  used,  the  better  material  for  thatch- 
ing was  reeds,  cut  in  the  marshes,  peeled  and  carried  by  land  and 
water  to  the  manor.  It  is  stated  in  the  extent  that  every  Wistowe 
villein  cut,  tied  and  carried  to  the  airia  40  sheaves  of  rushes  for  the 
work  of  one  day.*  The  purchases  of  reeds  mentioned  in  the  rolls 
must,  therefore,  have  been  made  to  supplement  the  regular  village 
supply.  Reeds  were  sold  in  sheaves  or  thousands,  the  number 
bought  on  any  occasion  being  usually  two  or  three  thousand,  and 
the  price  5  d.  a  thousand.  Besides  the  cost  of  the  reeds  and  their 
carriage  to  Wistowe,  the  services  of  the  thatcher  (coopertor)  required 

>  Appendix,  p.  35.  ^  Appendix,  pp.  7,  79. 

^  Appendix,  p.  7.  *  i.  o58. 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  81 

compensation.  In  1324  the  thatcher  received  2  ri./  in  1868  3  d.''  In 
1351  one  thatcher  was  hired  for  the  barley  grange  at  4  d.  a  day, 
and  probably  another  for  the  dove  cote,  hen  house  and  wheat 
grange  at  3  d.^  Tlie  thatcher  was  not  included  among  the  manorial 
servants,  but  was,  perhaps,  an  outsider,  or,  more  probably,  a  villager 
whose  service  did  not  occupy  all  his  time.  The  repair  of  the  build- 
ings involved  also  the  purchase  of  nails  and  spikes,  and  a  varying 
amount  of  carpenter  work  for  repairing  the  old  buildings  or  erecting 
new  ones.  In  1311,  for  example,  five  carpenters  and  a  boy  were  at 
work  on  a  new  granary  and  the  rebuilding  of  parts  of  the  sheep 
fold,  pig  pen  and  "  cartehouse."  The  workmen  received  22  s.  2  d. 
and  their  food.*  ♦ 

Cost  of  the  mill. — The  most  important  purchases  for  the  mill  were 
millstones  and  canvas  for  the  sail  yard.  From  the  large  prices 
paid,  42  s.  2  d.  in  1297,  25  s.  in  1307,  44  s.  8  d.  in  1324,  the  millstones 
must  have  been  foreign.^  In  1307  the  cost  of  placing  the  stone  on 
the  cart  for  carriage  to  Wistowe  (2  d.)  and  the  expenses  of  the  reeve 
in  going  for  it  (2  d.)  are  entered  together  with  the  argentiim  dei  or 
lucky  penny  paid  by  the  reeve.®  In  1298  thirty  yards  f  canvas 
were  bought  for  the  sail  yard.'  Chains,  nails,  trendies,  boards, 
splints,  bars,  spikes  and  uppelongs  were  also  purchased  at  various 
times. 

The  most  important  remaining  expenses  were  the  wages  and  re- 
munerations of  the  servants  of  the  manor  and  of  outside  labourers. 
Professor  Vinogradoff  has  shown^  the  importance  of  the  class  of  ser- 
vientes  found  in  every  great  feudal  centre,  and,  in  smaller  numbers 
and  degree,  in  the  lesser  units  also.  The  manorial  servientes  or  ser- 
vants directed  the  various  activities  of  the  manor,  receiving  their 
payment  in  money  and  kind,  and  in  exemption  during  office  from 
part  of  the  usual  villein  obligations.  The  reeve,  the  smith,  the 
beadle,  the  woodward,  the  ploughmen,  the  carter  and  various  herds- 
men were  the  most  important  servants  in  Wistowe.  If  these  regular 
servants,  as  might  frequently  happen,  were  not  able  to  do  all  the 
necessary  work,  two  courses  were  open  to  the  reeve:  either  he  might 
engage  a  villager  skilful  in  the  required  industry,  in  carpenter  work, 
thatching,  or  tiling,  for  example,  or  whose  cart  could  be  used  for 
carrying  service,  or  he  might  call  in  outside  labour.    Sometimes  it  is 

1  Appendix,  p.  57.  ^  Appendix,  p.  78.  »  Appendix,  p.  62. 

*  Appendix,  p.  35.  ^  Kogers,  Agriculture  and  Prices,  i.  505. 

6  Appendix,  pp.  28-29.     '  Appendix,  p.  17.     *  Villainage  in  England,  320. 

6 


82  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

difficult  to  tell  which  course  was  followed.  The  remunerations  for 
all  important  labour  performed  on  the  manor  are  entered  in  the  rolls 
under  three  heads,  expensee  domorum,  stipendia,  and  ohlationei?.  Under 
stipendia  and  oblationes  the  reeve  accounted  for  the  annual  wages  of 
the  manorial  servientes  and  any  extra  gifts  or  fees  to  them  ;  under 
expenses  domorum  he  accounted  for  more  variable  payments  to  ser- 
vants and  for  the  wages  of  outsiders  hired  for  special  services.  The 
latter  payments  are  entered  not  separately,  for  each  individual, 
but  in  a  lump  sum  for  all  such  labourers  during  the  year,  and  it  is, 
therefore,  not  always  possible  to  tell  whether  the  labourer  worked 
throughout  the  year  or  on  special  occasions  only. 

Under  e.rpensai  domorum  are  entered  the  special  payments  made  to 
certain  manorial  labourers  working  from  Michaelmas  to  the  Gules  of 
August.  Of  these  the  reeve,  the  thatcher,  the  gooseherd,  the  plough 
carpenter,  the  winnower,  the  serviens  and  his  boy,  the  clerk  and  his 
boy,  and  the  abbot's  carpenters  came  from  outside  the  manor  and 
were  paid  "  for  their  comings  "  (ad  suos  eventus)}  During  autumn, 
from  the  Gules  of  August  to  Michaelmas,  the  list  of  labourers  changes 
a  little;  the  reeve,  beadle,  woodward,  mcyator,  dairy  woman,  goose- 
herd,  cook,  and  reap-reeve  each  received  compensation  for  services. 
Judging  from  the  sum  of  the  payments  made  in  each  year  from 
1297  to  1368,  the  amount  of  labour  hired  within  or  without  the  manor 
to  aid  the  servants  does  not  seem  to  have  materially  increased. 
From  Michaelmas  to  the  Gules  of  August  the  amount  varied  from 
24  s.  to  30  s.  only,  except  in  1318,  when  it  fell  much  lower.  From 
August  to  Michaelmas  it  averaged  a  very  little  over  5  s.  In  the  roll 
(c)  1466,  however,  there  is  great  increase  in  the  autumn  payments. 
During  the  preceding  century  the  actual  cultivation  of  the  demesne 
was  all  performed  by  the  customary  tenants ;  but  in  1466,  with  the 
relaxation  of  many  customary  services,  a  change  had  come  about, 
and  to  supplement  the  labour  services  still  rendered,  outside  labour 
had  become  necessary.  The  roll  contains  constant  reference  to  men 
hired  for  special  works  on  the  demesne.  For  one  day's  work  in 
helping  the  manorial  servants  thresh  barley  and  peas,  the  usual  price 
of  threshing  being  a  penny  for  six  rings,  98  labourers  were  hired ; 
eight  mowers  were  hired  to  cut  rushes  in  the  marsh,  two  reapers  to 
work  "  from  the  first  sheaf  to  the  last  "  at  19  s.  4  d.,  and  five  labour- 
ers for  five  weeks  at  31  s.    Still  others  were  hired  for  haying  in  the 

^  Appendix,  pp.  7,  35,  and  elsewhere. 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  83 

meadows,  and  for  weeding,  cutting  and  carrying  the  grain.  To  carry 
corn,  twenty  carters  came  at  request  {de  prece)  with  their  carts.^ 

Stipendia  were  the  regular  yearly  wages  paid  to  the  manorial  offi- 
cers and  lesser  servientes.  The  bailiff"  and  serviens  in  some  years, 
the  woodward  or  warrener  invariably,  and,  until  1324,  the  clerk, 
received  4  s.  each  year,  the  woodward  receiving  also  Qs.  S  d.  for  his 
robe.'*  Thomas  de  Norgrove,  whose  office  is  not  given,  received  in 
1307  and  1311  10  s.^  The  lesser  servientes  receiving  yearly  wages  in- 
cluded a  carter,  three  ploughmen  (six  in  1351,  only  two  in  1368),  a 
cowherd,  a  shepherd,  a  dairymaid,  a  cook,  and  in  1297  a  miller.  Each 
of  these  received,  until  1336,  3  s.  a  year;  4  d.,  that  is  to  say,  at  tlie 
feasts  of  the  Purification  and  Ascension  and  the  Gules  of  August, 
and  2  s.  at  Michaelmas.  The  cowherd  in  1324  received  only  1  s. 
6  d.  In  the  fragment  after  1336  the  wages  of  each  of  these  servants 
was  2  s.  8  d,  but  in  1351  and  1368  the  amount  rose  to  6  s.  each,  the 
same  payment  being  made  to  a  porcarins,  who  before  this  time  had 
received  only  2  s.  3  d.* 

In  addition  to  the  money  payments  the  servientes  received  a  con- 
siderable allowance  of  grain.  In  1297,  for  example,  the  woodward 
received  during  42i  weeks  6'  ring.  3  bu.  of  mixed  grain,  the  carter, 
three  ploughmen,  jjorcarws,  and  miller  together  received  for  the  same 
time  39  rings,  and  the  dairymaid  6  ring.  3  bu.  The  shepherd  for 
34  weeks  received  2  i^ing.  3  bu.,  and  the  "  guardian  of  beasts  "  3  bu.^ 
In  1368  and  1466  (?)  the  woodward  received  1  quarter  (i.e.,  2  rings 
or  8  bushels)  of  mixed  peas  and  wheat  every  ten  weeks,  the  cow- 
herd, carter,  and  ploughmen  each  1  quarter  in  twelve  weeks.^  Tri- 
fling pa3anents  were  made  also  to  herdsmen  that  guarded  manorial 
beasts  in  the  marsh. 

The  rolls  for  the  next  century  show  a  change  in  the  stipendia  like 
that  in  the  expensce  domorum.  Already  in  1351  the  Black  Death  had 
doubled  the  wages  of  the  manorial  servants.''  Labour  was  scarce,  the 
unrented  parts  of  the  demesne  had  still  to  be  cultivated,  and  the  wages 
of  manorial  servants,  like  those  of  outside  labourers,  were  bound  to 
increase.  The  Statute  of  Labourers  seems  to  have  left  no  mark.  In 
the  early  part  of  the  next  century  the  relaxation  of  customary  ser- 
vices resulted  in  a  still  greater  increase,  so  that  in  1466  (?),  although 
the  woodward  still  received  only  the  usual  4  s.,  the  carter  received 

1  Appendix,  pp.  95,  96.  ^  Appendix,  pp.  8-9,  30,  36,  46,  58,  63,  79,  96. 

^  Appendix,  pp.  30,  36.  *  Appendix,  pp.  63,  79.         ^  Appendix,  p.  12. 

^  Appendix,  pp.  82,  99.  ''  Appendix,  p.  63. 


84  ECONOMIC    CONDITIONS    ON    RAMSEY    MANORS. 

22  s.,  the  shepherd  20  s.,  and  the  ploughmen  13  s.  4  d.  In  all,  the 
payments  to  manorial  servants  in  this  year,  not  counting  the  out- 
side labour  hired,  amounted  to  £6  8  d} 

In  addition  to  wages  and  payments  for  service  performed,  it  was 
the  custom  in  Wistowe  to  give  the  servants  small  Christmas  and 
Easter  gifts,  or  oblationes.  Thus  the  woodward  received  a  penny  or 
Ih  d.  a  year,  iheserviens  2  d.,  the /amw/i  each  a  penny,  half  at  Christ- 
mas and  half  at  Easter. 

Gifts  or  fees  of  another  kind  were  given  on  special  occasions, 
probably  as  an  acknowledgment  of  what  had  been  originally  boon 
services.  When  the  first  crop  was  cut  from  the  meadows  of  Wile- 
weyemade  and  Thornebrigge  the  mowers  received  7  d.,  and,  if  a 
second  crop  were  cut,  another  7  d.^  These  meadows  were  probably 
the  "  benemeads  "  cut  originally  in  part,  or  wholly,  by  boon  service. 
As  in  other  manors,  such  money  was  paid  for  "  sitheale." 

In  the  time  of  reaping  there  was  a  particular  custom  called  "  le 
Rypgos,"  or  "  Repegos."  It  does  not  appear  by  name  in  the  extent, 
but  may  have  been  a  reaping  boon,  the  love  boon  after  the  harvest 
precarix,  perhaps.  At  le  Repegos  the  customars  received  2  s.,  and 
meat,  geese,  doves,  and  corn.^  Another  occasion  upon  wliich  the  cus- 
tomars received  a  gift  was  the  "  forthdrove."  The  forthdrove  took 
place  at  Christmas  time,  and  although  no  definition  of  the  custom 
is  given,  it  may  perhaps  be  connected  with  a  Christmas  ploughing. 
The  payment  to  the  customars  was  called  "  forthdrovesilver,"  and 
amounted,  always,  to  2  s.* 

Before  leaving  this  part  of  the  rolls  one  other  source  of  expense 
should  be  mentioned.  For  one  reason  or  another,  rents,  customary 
payments,  works,  and  gersumas  were  occasionally,  probably  by  letter 
of  the  lord,  relaxed  or  remitted  to  the  villagers.  The  most  common 
reason  for  the  remission  of  labour  was  illness.  In  the  fragmentary 
roll  after  1336^  a  virgater  and  a  semi-virgater,  on  account  of  con- 
tinued illness,  were  excused  from  thirty-six  autumn  and  eighteen 
post-autumn  works,  valued  in  all  at  6  s.  In  1351  the  works  of  four 
impotent  villagers  and  a  number  of  customary  payments  were  re- 
laxed.*    Once  it  is  noted  that  a  man's  illness  has  already  lasted  a 


'  Appendix,  p.  96.  *  Appendix,  pp.  7,  29,  35,  and  elsewliere. 

'  Appendix,  pp.  8,  31,  35,  and  elsewhere. 

*  Appendix,  pp.  58,  63,  and  elsewhere. 

'  Brit.  Mus.  Add.  Ch.,  39896.  «  Appendix,  pp.  63-64. 


WISTOWE    CONDITIONS.  85 

year.'  It  has  been  already  said  that,  after  a  year  and  a  day  of  ill- 
ness, most  Ramsey  villeins  were  again  responsible  for  their  full 
labour. 

The  third  and  last  part  of  the  rolls  contains  an  account  of  the 
grain  and  stock  of  the  manor,  of  which  the  greater  part  was  raised 
on  the  demesne,  although  a  small  amount  was  bought  from  without 
and  a  little  brought  in  by  the  villagers  as  "  foddercorn."  The  dis- 
position of  the  grain  is  carefully  recorded  ;  so  many  rings  were  used 
for  seed,  so  many,  by  far  the  largest  number,  were  sent  to  Pwamsey, 
and  so  many  were  sold  to  winnowers  and  tnskatores.  A  certain 
amount  was  given  in  wages  to  the  farm  servants,  or  to  the  seneschal 
at  the  view  of  frank  pledge,  or  was  required  for  the  boon  services 
and  Repegos.  Barley  and  drage  were  used  to  make  malt.  The  live- 
stock of  the  manor  is  also  recorded  in  great  detail.  The  total  num- 
ber of  animals  held  during  the  year,  the  number  sold  or  killed 
by  the  murrain  or  in  other  ways,  and  the  number  remaining  at 
Michaelmas  is  given.  Reference  to  the  rolls  in  the  appendix  will 
furnish  sufficiently  clear  examples  of  the  grain  and  stock  accounts 
of  the  manor.^ 

The  occasional  supplementary  descriptions  of  the  works  rendered 
have  been  already  discussed  in  connexion  with  the  works  sold. 

In  the  rolls  of  other  Ramsey  manors  there  must  be  a  great  deal 
of  information  concerning  the  relaxation  of  villein  services,  the  in- 
crease of  hired  labour,  the  effect  of  the  Black  Death,  the  causes  of 
the  rebellion  of  1381,  and  other  questions  raised  in  the  Wistowe 
rolls,  the  comparison  of  which  with  the  Wistowe  material  would  be 
interesting  and  helpful.  It  is  evident  that  until  many  more  of 
these  documents  have  been  examined  no  very  general  conclusion 
can  be  drawn  concerning  the  life  on  Ramsey  manors  during  the 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries,  or  the  conditions  attending  the 
gradual  disappearance  of  the  manorial  system. 


Brit.  Mus.  Add.  Ch.,  39896. 

Appendix,  pp.  9-;  17-;  22-;  3G- ;  40-;  47-;  63-;  80-;  97- 


A  list  of  the  feast  days  mentioned  in  the  documents  will  be  found  at  the  end  of 
the  appendix,  p.  119. 

On  account  of  the  limitations  of  ordinary  type,  the  contractions  in  the  nnex- 
panded  forms  in  the  text  are  denoted  by  commas. 


APPENDIX. 


COMPOTUS  ROLLS  OF  WISTOWE, 
HUNTS. 

I. 

WisTowE,  1297/ 
[Compotus]  Thomas  Euty  prsepositi  de  manerio  de  Wystowe  a 
festo  sancti  Michaelis  anno  domini  J.  abbatis^  xii  usque  ad  eundem 
festum  anno  revoluto,  de  receptis  et  expensis. 

[Arreragia.]     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xlii  8.  iiii  d.  de  arrera- 
giis  prsecedentis  compoti. 

Summa  xlii  s.  iiii  d. ;  probatur.' 

[Terminum]  sancti Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  s.  de 

redditu  assiso  (sic)  et  vi  d. 

Summa  iiii  s.  vi  d. ;  probatur. 

[Terminum]  sancti Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  x  d. 

oh.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  et  .  .  ;*  et 
de  viii  d.  qu.  de  Wardsilver  ad  eundem  terminum. 

Summa  vii  s.  vi  d.  oh.  qu. ;  probatur. 
Terminum  sancti  Andrese.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  s.  1 

d.  oh.  qu.  de  redditu  cum  heuchire^  ad 
eundem  terminum,  et  desunt  xiiii  d.  de  preeposilo,  bedello,  fabro  et 
de  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  terra  Walteri  de  Graf  ham  ad 
eundem  terminum.  Probatur,  Summa  xxviii  s.  vii  d.  oh.  qu. 

[Ad  NJatalem.      Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xii  s.  i  d.  de  maltsil- 
ver;  et  desunt  xvii  d.  oh.  de  praeposito,  bedello, 
fabro  et  de  iiii  akermannis  quorum  quilibet  dat  .    .    .   virgatar'  v  d. 

Summa  xii  s.  i  d. ;  probatur. 

1  Public  Eecord  Office,  Ministers'  Accounts,  885/30  (25-26  E.  1. 1.  There  is 
an  earlier  roll  for  Wystowe  in  the  Record  Office,  885/29  (22  E.  I.),  but  it  is 
fragmentary  and  almost  illegible. 

-'  John  de  Sautre,  Abbot  of  Ramsey,  1285-1316.     See  R.  C.  iii.  185. 

*  Probatur  {passim)  is  added  in  a  later  hand. 

*  Several  words  are  deleted. 

*  Heuchire,  or,  possibly,  henchire. 

1  1 


APPENDIX. 

[Ad]  Annunciationem  [beatse]  Marise.     Idem   reddit  compotum 

de  xxi  s.  V  d.  de  redditu 
cum  heuchire,  et  desunt  xiiii  d.  de  supradictis,  ut  supra ;  et  de 
xvi  d.  de  fissilver ;  et  de  ii  s.  iii  d.  de  argento  vine^e ;  et  de  ii  s.  viii 
d.  oh.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  ad  eundem  terminum ;  et  de  xxx  s.  de 
iiii  virgatis  terrae  et  dimidia  ad  censum  ad  eundem  terminum ;  et 
de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  ii  cotmannis  ad  censum  ad  eundem  terminum ;  et 
de  iii  s.  ix  d.  qu.  de  terra  Ranulphi  de  Clerevaus  ad  eundem  termi- 
num. Summa  Ixiii  s.  xi  d.  oh.  qu. ;  probatur. 
Ad  terminum  sancti  Benedicti.     Et  de  xxi  s.  ix   d.  de  heuchire 

cum  redditu,  et  desunt  xiiii  d. 
de  supradictis  ut  supra ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d.  de  Wethersilver  ad  eun- 
dem terminum ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  terra  Walteri  de  Graf  ham  ad 
eundem  terminum.  Summa  xxx  i*.  vii  d. ;  probatur. 

[Ad]  Nativitatem  [sancti]  Johannis.     Et   de   vi  s.   ix    d.   qu.  de 

auxilio  vicecomitis. 
Summa  vi  s.  ix  d.  qu. ;  probatur. 
[Ad  N]ativitatem  [beatse  M]ar[i8e].     Idem  reddit  compotum   de 

xxx  s.  de  iii  virgatis  terrse 
et  dimidia  ad  censum,  et  de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  ii  cotbandis^  ad  censum 
ad  eundem  terminum.  Summa  xxxii  s.  vi  d. ;  probatur. 

[Opera]  vendita.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  x  s.  x  d.  de  cc*  et 
XX  operibus  venditis  :  pretium  operis,  obolus. 
Summa  x  s.  x  d. ;  probatur. 
[Frumentum]  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  s.  de  i  ring.^ 

vendita  task'*  post  festum  sancti  Mi- 
chaelis ;  et  de  xii  s.  ix  d.  de  iii  ring,  venditis  task'  et  de  v.  bu.  ven- 
ditis ventricibus:  pretium  ringse  iii  s. ;  et  de  ii  s.  xi  d.  de  i  ring. 
vendita  task'  et  iii  ha.  venditis  ventricibus  de  novo  grano :  pretium 
ring«,  XX  d.  Summa  xvii  s.  viii  d. 


'  Cotbandis-cotlandis  ? 

^  The  long  hundred  is  used  in  most  cases  in  the  rolls. 

'  Rincjd.  See  Rogers,  Agriculture  and  Prices,  i.  168  :  "  The  ring  is  common  in 
the  Huntingdonshire  accounts  of  Ramsey  abbey.  It  was  equal  to  half  a  quarter, 
i.e.,  is  identical  with  the  coomb  of  the  eastern  counties."  A  quarter  is  equal  to 
eiirht  bushels. 

*  Task'.  This  word  is  puzzling.  It  might  be  connected  witli  the  verb  tassare 
if  the  last  letter  were  not  clearly  a  k.  Perhaps  it  stands  for  ta^katoribus,  "  task- 
ers,"  but  such  men  are  not,  I  think,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  the  Ramsey  records. 
In  the  account  rolls  the  form  occurs  often,  usually  in  conjunction  with  ventricibus. 
In  every  case  the  unexpanded  form  is  left  in  the  text. 

2 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

[Ordeum]  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xvi  d.  oh.  de  iii 
hu.  ordei  venditis  ventricibus  in  ieme  :  pre- 
tium  busselli,  v  d.  oh. 

[Dragetum]  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iii  s.  vi  d.  oh. 
de  ii  ring,  ii  hu.  drageti  venditis  task' : 
pretium  ringse,  xvii  d.  Summa  iiii  s.  xi  d. 

[Fabffi]  et  pisse  venditse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxii  d.  oh. 

de  V.  hu.  venditis  task'  et  ventricibus ; 
et  de  xii  d.  de  ii  hu.  venditis  task' ;  et  de  xiii  s.  de  vi  ring.,  ii  bu. 
venditis  :  pretium  ringse,  ii  s. 

Avena  vendita.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  v  s.  iii  d.  de  iiii  ring. 
ii  bu.  avense  venditis  task' :  pretium  ringae,  xiiii  d. 
Summa  xxi  s.  i  d.  oh. 
Summa  xliii  s.  viii  d.  oh.  pro  vi  ring,  frumenti,  iii  bu.  ordei,  ii 
ring.,  ii  bu.  drageti,  vii  ring.,  i  hu.  pisarum  et  iiii  ring.,  ii  bu.  avenae. 
Staurum  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  viii  d.  de  i 
vacca  vendita  ;  et  de  xxii  d.  de  ii  vitulis  ven- 
ditis ;  et  de  viii  d.  de  vitulo  vendito ;  et  de  xxii  (d.)  de  ii  vitulis  ven- 
ditis ;  et  de  xxxi  s.  de  xii  porcis  venditis  celerario :  pretium  porci, 
xxxi  d. ;  et  de  xxvi  s.  de  x.  porcis  venditis :  pretium  porci,  xxxii  d. 
oh. ;  et  desunt  xiii  d.  de  tribus  inmundis ;  et  de  viii  s.  de  iii  porcis 
venditis:  pretium  porci,  xxxii  d. 

Summa  iiii  Ii.  vi  s.  xi  d.  pro  i  vacca,  v  vitulis  et  xxv  porcis  ven- 
ditis. 

Staurum  Mart  [ino]^  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  viii 

d.  de  ii  pernis^  inmundis  ven- 
ditis, et  de  ii  s.  ii  d.  de  corio  et  carcasio  unius  vaccae  de  morina 
venditis ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d.  de  corio  unius  bovis  et  juvenci  occisorum 
ad  magnam  precariam  autumpni. 

Summa  vi  s.  ii  d.  de  ii  pernis,  carkosio  unius  vaccae,  corio  i  bovis,  i 
vaccae  et  i  juvenci. 

Et  de  vi  s.  iii  d.  de  xii  lagenis  et  dimidia  venditis ;  et  de  iii  s.  vii 
d.  de  viii  lagenis  butiri  anni  praecedentis  venditis  :  pretium  lagenae 
V  d.,  et  ultra  iii  d. 

Summa  ix  s.  x  d.  de  butyro.     Summa  xv  s.  vi  d. 
Minuta.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  de  iii  tassiculis  rotun- 
dis  de  feno  venditis;  et  de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  tanno  vendito; 

^  Stock  for  which  there  was  not  suflSicient  food  to  last  through  the  winter  was 
sold  or  killed  at  Martinmas.     See  Rogers,  Agriculture  and  Prices,  i.  16. 
^  Pernce,  hams. 

3 


APPENDIX. 

XX 

et  de   iii  s.  viii   d.  de    iiii  viii   agnis   separandis:    pretium   agni, 
obolus.  Summa  viii  s.  vi  d.  de  feno  et  tanno. 

Et  de  vi  s.  x  d.  de  pannagio  porcorum  et  separatione  agnorum. 

Summa  xix  s. 
Gersurase  et  exitus  terrse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxvi  s.  viii 

d.  de  Thoma  Haukyn  pro  terra  quon- 
dam Thoma3  Rykedomi ;  et  de  xx  s.  de  Roberto  Errode  pro  dimidia 
virgata  terras  quondam  patris  sui ;  et  de  iii  s.  de  Emma  in  Angulo 
pro  se  maritanda;  et  de  xii  d.  de  Martot  filia  Alexandri  ad  Portam 
pro  se  maritanda.  Summa  1  s.  viii  d. 

Visus  franci  plegii  et  perquisita  de    .    .    ,    .   curiis.     Idem  reddit 

compo  t  u  m 
de  vi  s.  viii  d.  de  capitagio ;  et  xlix  s.  ii  d.  de  perquisitis  ejusdem 
curiae ;  et  de  v  s.  i  d.  de  perquisitis  curiae  autumpni. 

Summa  Ix  s.  xi  d. 

Expense. 

[Libera]  tiones.  Idem  computat  liberatos  in  cameram  de  aux- 
ilio  vicecomitis  ad  terminum  sancti  Andrea  vi 
s.  vi  d.  oh.  qu.  per  i  talliam  ;  et  liberatos  ibidem  de  visu  franci  plogii 
XV  s.  V  d.  oh.  per  i  talliam,  et,  per  aliam  talliam,  xvi  s.  i  d.  Item 
liberatas  in  eandem  [cameram]  per  manum  R.  de  Nortone  ii  marcas 
de  gersuma  Thomae  Haukyn. 

Summa  xxxviii  s.  i  d.  qu.  per  iii  tallias  ;  et  per  manum  R.  de 
Nortone,  ii  marcae. 

Wystowe.^ 

Idem  computat  in  volatiliis^  emptis  et  missis  apud  Rameseiam  ad 
Natalem,  xii  d.;  et  de  stauro  x  .  .  .  .';  et  ante  Natalem  pro  le 
(coquina?)  domini  inde  c.  ovorum  iii  d.  In  xxxiii  alandis*  emptis 
per  ii  vices  circa  Purificationem  beatae  Mariae,  iiii  d.  ;  et  in  ii  aucis 
emptis  et  missis  apud  Hemingford  ad  festum  .  .  .  .  ;  et  in  vii  pul- 
licimis^  emptis  ad  dictum  festum,  vi  d. ;  et  de  stauro,  ii  porci  pingues 
et  iii  gallinae;  et  in  i  capriolo  empto  et  misso  ad  coquinam  abbatis 
ai)ud  Rameseiam,  x  d. ;  et  in  i  capriolo  empto  et  misso  ad  nun- 
dinas  Sancti  Ivonis,  viii  d.     In  vi  pullanis  emptis  et  missis  ad  co- 

*  In  dorso. 

'   VolatiUa.     Snipes,  ruffs  and  other  small  birds  common  in  the  fens. 
'  The  contracted  form  of  this  omitted  word  looks  like  anacb'. 

*  Larks.  *  For  pullicinis  .'—probably  fowls. 

4 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF   WISTOWE. 

quinam  doniini  abbatis  apud  Bro[u]ton  ad  le  Rypgos/  yd.;  et  iiii 
aucis  de  staiiro ;  et  liberati  Paulino  Janitori  xii  d.  ad  calcetam  de 
Rameseia  per  praiceptum  domini  abbatis.  In  done  domini  abbatis 
metentibus  in  autumpno,  vi  d.  Summa  [v  s.  vi  d] 

Celerarius.     Idem  computat  liberates  celerario  super  talliam  Ix  s. 
Eidem  pro  xv  fressingges,''  1  s.     Eidem  pro  allece,  v  s. 
Eidem  pro  frisco  caseo,  iii  s.    Eidem  pro  butiro,  ix  s.    Eidem  pro  una 

XX 

pensa  duri  casei,  viii  s.,  et  de  stauro  vi  casei  qui  fecerunt  iii  pensas 
duri  casei.  Eidem  pro  [  f  pensis  [  ].  Eidem  pro  [  ]  pen- 
sis  baconum.     Eidem  pro  carne  bourn  [         ].     Eidem  pro  multoni- 

bus Eidem  pro  agnis  ad  Pascham  et  ad  Pentecostem.    Eidem 

c  c 

pro  viii  xxx  ovis  emptis,  iii  s.  x  d.     Et  de  stauro  cum  redditu  viii 

XX 

xxx  ova.  Et  ad  festum  sancti  Benedicti,  iiii  x  ova.  Eidem  pro 
xxx  gallinis,  iii  s.  i  d.  oh.     Et  de  stauro  Ixxiii  gallinge. 

[Summa]  .  .  vii  li.  xxiii  [.  d.  .  .] 
Idem  computat  liberates  capellano  domini  abbatis  iii  s.  sine  tal- 
lia.     Et  in  sartrino  pro  filo  et  sapone,  et  in  brascino  pro  candellis, 
xiii  d.  oh.  sine  tallia. 

Summa  .  vi  .  .  .  xiii  s.  .  .  .  d. 
Idem  computat  liberates  Johanni  de  Broutone  pro  terra  Ranul- 
phi  de  Clerevaus  viii  d.     Et  ad  firmam  de  Upwode,  ii  s.  ii  d.  qu. ;  et 
Johanni  Gosselyne,  viii  d. ;  et  ad  manerium  de  Ryptone  Regis,  iiii  d. 

Summa  iii  s.  x  d.  qu. 
Fabse  emptse.     Idem  computat  in  vi  ring,  fabarum  emptis  ad  opus 

celerarii,  xiiii  s. :  pretium  ringse,  xxviii  d. 
Grutum.     Idem  computat  in  iii  ring,  ii  hii.  gruti  emptis,  x  s.  ii.  d. 

oh. :  pretium  ringse,  xxxv  d. 
Braseum.     Idem  computat  in  v  ring,  i  hu.  brasey  emptis,  xiii  s. 
vi  d.  oh.  qu. :  pretium  ringse,  xxxi  d. 

Summa  xxxvii  s.  ix  d.  qu. 

Carucse.     Idem  computat  in  ii  vomeribus  emptis  xiiii  d.     In  xv 

clutis  emptis,  xxi  d.  oh. ;  et  in  vii  garbis  asceris  et  dim- 

idia  emptis,  v  s.  ix  d. ;  et  in  xiii  peciis  ferri  emptis,  ii  s.  xi  d. ;  et  in 

vi  peciis  ferri  emptis,  xv  d. ;  fabro  pro  carbone  inveniendo,  ii  s.  ad 

^  See  Cunningham,  Growth  of  English  Industry  and  Commerce,  525:  "This 
may  have  been  the  Kern-supper  when  harvest  was  over." 

^  Fressingges,  probably  young  pigs,  majores  porcelU.     See  Du  Cange. 
*  This  and  the  following  bracketed  spaces  are  left  blank  in  MS. 

5 


APPENDIX. 

ferramentura  carucarum  ;  et  in  stipendio  carpentarii  carucarum  pro 
carucis  faciendis  et  reparandis  per  annum,  ii  s.  iii  d. 

Summa  xvii  s.  i  d.  oh. 

Carectae.  Idem  reddit  compotum  in  xlviii  clutis^  ad  axes  ii  s. ; 
et  in  c  de  strak  nayl,'^  xiiii  d. ;  et  in  i  brodde,'  iiii  d. 
oh. ;  et  in  xii  grapis*  .  .  .  ol  .  .  emptis,  viii  d.  oh. ;  et  in  uno  ferra- 
mento  ad  unam  carectam  ferandam,  vi  s.  viii  d.  oh.  qu. ;  et  in  ii 
paribus  rotarum  ligandis,  viii  d. ;  et  in  i  pari  rotarum  ad  ferandum, 
ii  s.  i  d.;  et  in  i  pari  tractium,^  iiii  d.  oh. ;  et  in  uno  corio  equino 
dealbando,  v.  d. ;  et  in  corio  unius  pull  .  .  .  dealbando,  id.;  et  in 
dimidia  lagena  de  tar,  ii  d.  oh. ;  et  in  ii  cordis,  et  in  ii  paribus  trac- 
tuum  emptis,  xxiii  d. ;  et  in  uno  bypbynea'  ad  carectam,  i  d. ;  et  in 
viii  capistris,^  et  in  i  cordula  de  pilo  domini  facienda,  ii  d. ;  et  in  v 
rotis  separandis  et  ligandis,  iiii  d.  oh. ;  et  in  uncto  empto  ad  carectas, 
iiii  d. ;  et  in  ii  axibus,  iii  d.  oh.  Summa  xvii  s.  xi  d.  oh.  qu. 

[Fer]rura,     Idem  computat  in  c  ferruris  equinis  emptis  iiii  s. ; 
et  in  M.  M.  clavorum  emptis  ii  s.  Summa  vi  s. 

M 

Emendatio  domorum.  Idem  computat  in  ii  rosci  cariandis  ex- 
tra mariscum  usque  ad  aquam  pro  parva 
grangia  cooperienda,  xxiii  d.  oh. ;  et  per  aquam,  ix  d.  oh. ;  et  in  xxx 
garbis  de  rosco  pelato  emptis  ad  dictam  grangiam,  vi  d. ;  et  in  c 
clavis  emptis,  ii  d. ;  et  in  stipendio  unius  cooj)ertoris  pro  dicta  parva 
grangia  cooperienda  et  crestanda,  v  s.*;  et  abbas  solvit  carpentario 
pro  stipendiis  suis ;  et  in  stipendio  unius  coopertoris  pro  ii  tassis 
pisarum  pro  grangia  ex  parte  una  et  domo  palese  etgallinario  et  pro 
coquina,  xvii  d. 

....  molendin[i].     Idem  computat  in  una  mola  empta  ad  mo- 
lendinum  xlii  s.  ii  d. 

Summa  Iii  s.  vi  d. 
Minutse.     Idem  computat  in  xii  ulnis  de  sacclot  ad  iiii  saccas,  xv 
d. ;  et  in  i  porta  empta,  ii  d. ;  et  in  i  cribro'  empto,  i  d. ; 

^  Clouts. 

'  Strak  nayls  are  nails  with  large  heads,  used  to  fasten  iron  strakes  on  the 
wheels  of  a  cart.     See  Rogers,  Agriculture  and  Prices,  i.  544. 

^  Another  kind  of  nails.  For  discussion  of  nails  see  Rogers,  Agriculture  and 
Prices,  i.  49o.  *  Three-pronged  fork. 

*  Drawing  reins,  traces.     See  Du  Cange. 

•  I  cannot  find  the  meaning  of  this  word.  '  Halters. 

®  The  amount  is  6  d.  short.  The  item  5  .s.  is  somewhat  blurred,  and  possibly 
6  d.  should  follow.  *  Sieve. 

6 


COMPOTUS    KOLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

et  in  ii  olleis^  luteis  ad  cervisiam  et  ad  aquam,  id.;  et  in  uno  tara- 
tantaro'*  ad  lac,  id.;  et  in  purcellis  sanandis  per  annum  et  pro  aliis 

M 

bestiis  sanandis,  ix  d. ;  et  in  ii  rosci  cariandis  extra  mariscum  usque 

c 
ad  aquam,  ii  s.  ix  d. ;  et  in  mille  et  v  rosci  cariandis  per  aquam 

usque  Rameseiam,  ix  d.  oh. ;  et  in  i  batello  locato  ad  domum  roscum 
et  ad  homines  cariandos  in  marisco  et  extra,  vi  d. ;  et  in  porcis.  pur- 
cellis et  aliis  bestiis  sanandis,  ix  d. ;  et  in  ii  cribris  emptis,  ii  d. ;  et 
in  pannagio  de  xxxii  porcis  apud  Briggestowe,  iiii  s.  scilicet  pro  i 
porco,  iii  oh. ;  et  in  expensis  unius  garcionis  custodientis  dictos  por- 
cos  per  V  septimanas,  ii  s.  vi  d.  oh.  qu. 

Et  in  iiii  petris^  lana3  pectandis,  ii  s.  i  d.  oh. ;  et  in  dicta  lana 
filanda,  ii  s.  x  d.  oh.  qu. ;  et  in  xxxi  ulnis  de  prsedicta  lana  fullandis, 
ii  s.  V  d.;  et  [  ]■*  et  liberati  quater  versus  Terfeud,  semel  versus 
Cbirecestre,  semel  usque  C[ra]nfeud^  pro  blado  quirendo,  et  semel 
versus  Londonem  cum  abbate,  xiiii  d. ;  et  in  cervisia  pro  fenis  levan- 
dis  in  pratis  domini,  viii  d.  Summa  xxiii  s.  v  d.  oh. 

Et  in  falcatoribus  prati  ex  consuetudine,  xiiii  d. ;  et  ad  secundam 
vesturam,  vii  d.  Summa  xxi  d. 

Expensse  seneschalli.     Idem  computat  in  expensis  seneschalli 

super  compotum  v  s.  iiii  d.  qu.,  dimidiam 

pernam,  porcum,  ii   aucas,  ii  bu.   frumenti,  i  ring,  ii  hu.   avenas,  i 

caseum  per  i  talliam,  et  in  expensis  seneschalli  ad  visum  ii  s.  x  d. 

oh.,  ii  hu.  frumenti,  iii  hu.  brasey,  vi  hu.  et  di.  de  avena  per  i  talliam. 

Summa  viii  s.  ii  d.  oh.  qu. 

Expensse  domorum.  Idem  computat  in  expensis  domorum  a 
festo  sancti  Michaelis  usque  Gulam  Au- 
gust! pro  Willelmo  serviente  cum  garcione  per  suos  adventus,  et 
pro  prffiposito  computat,  et  pro  custodi  aucarum,  et  pro  carpentario 
carucarum  per  suos  adventus,  et  pro  iii  carpentariis  domini  abbatis 
per  iii  septimanas,  et  pro  Andrea  Carpentario  cum  garcione  per  i 
septimanam,  et  pro  ii  aliis  carpentariis  per  i  septimanara,  et  pro 
vannatori®  per  iiii  septimanas,  ultra  trituratores,  et  ante  et  post,  per 
suos  adventus,  et  pro  Thoma  clerico  cum  garcione  per  suos  adven- 
tus, et  pro  i  coopertori  per  suos  adventus  pro  magna  grangia,  aula, 

^  A  kind  of  vessel  or  measure.     See  Du  Cange. 

^  Du  Cange  defines  tcuralantara  as  an  instrument  by  striking  which  grain  flows 
on  the  stones  of  a  mill.     Probably  here  it  is  simply  a  vessel  of  some  kind. 

^  For  the  weight  of  a  -petra  of  wool,  see  Kogers,  Agriculture  and  Prices,  i.  367. 

*  Blank  in  M.S.  Probably  2i  d.  is  accounted  for,  the  amount  needed  to  verify 
the  addition.  ^  ^- g^  Cranfeld.  «  Winnower. 

7 


APPENDIX. 

domo  boviculorum  et  vaccarum,  pro  le  malthus  et  cor et 

pro  aliis  domibus  cooperiendis  et  crestandis,  pro  opere  suo  et  aliis 
diversis  operariis  cum  supervenientibus,  xxxiiii  s.  oh.  qu.,  iii  porcos 
et  dimidium  et  diraidiana  pernam,  bacones,  viii  caseos,  x  ring,  i  bu. 
frumenti,  ii  ring,  de  tolcoren,  vi  gallinas,  i  lagenam  butiri,  vi  ring. 
brasey,  per  i  talliam  contra  Wok'  f  et  in  expensis  domorum  per 
autumpnum  pro  Martino  Janot,  preeposito,  bedello,  wodewardo, 
meyatori  et  pro  daya  et  custode  aucarum  per  v  septimanas,  xi  s.  xi 
d.,  iiii  caseos,  i  porcum,  bacones,  dimidiam  lagenam  butiri,  iii  ring. 
frumenti,  ii  ring.,  i  bu.  gruti,  et  i  ring.,  et  iii  bu.  brasey,  i  aucam  per 
ii  tallias ;  et  a  dicto  die  usque  festum  sancti  Michaelis  pro  W.  Beu- 
meys,  preeposito,  wodewardo  et  pro  custode  aucarum  et  pro  i  coop- 
ertori  per  iiii  septimanas  ;  et  in  vi  bu.  salis  emptis  per  vices,  xii  d. ; 
et  in  ii  ring,  salis,  xiiii  d. 

[Prejcarisefcarucarum].     Idem  computat  in  pane  ad  unam  pre- 

cariam  carucarum  in  Quadragesima  de 
xxvii  carucis,  ii  ring,  ii  bu.  frumenti ;  in  cervisia,  vi  «.  ix  d.,  et  in 
allece  et  in  alio  pisce,  ii  s.  xi  d.  per  i  talliam ;  et  in  pane  ad  unam 
precariam  carucarum  in  Quadragesima  de  xviii  carucis,  i  ring,  ii 
bu.  in  cervisia,  et  in  allece  et  in  alio  pisce,  v  s.  v  d.,  per  i  talliam. 

Summa  xv  -s.  i  d. 

Precariee  autumpni.  Idem  computat  in  carne  empta  ad  primam 
precariam  autumpni,  ii  s.,  i  bovem,  i  juven- 
cam,  ix  caseos,  vi  ring,  frumenti,  v  bu.  gruti,  v  ring,  ii  bu.  brasei  per 
i  talliam  ;  et  in  allece  empta  ad  secundam  precariam  autumpni,  iii 
s.,  vii  caseos,  ii  aucas,  v  ring,  frumenti,  i  ring,  gruti,  iiii  ring,  i  6m. 
brasey  per  i  talliam ;  et  in  carne  empta  ad  le  Rypgos,  xxiii  d.  ob., 
iiii  aucas,  xii  columbellos,  ii  bu.  frumenti,  ii  bu.  gruti,  i  ring,  brasey 
per  i  talliam.  Summa  vi  s.  xi  d.  ob. 

[St]ipendia.     Idem  computat  in  stipendio  Willelmi  de  Beaumej's 

per  annum  iiii  s.  et  tantum  apud  Upwode ;  et  in 

stipendio  Ricardi  Wodewardi  per  annum,  iiii  s. ;  et  in  stipendio 

'  Wok'.  See  R.  C,  i.  487  :  "  Et  cum  wougkecorn  debeat  mitti,  triturabit  tres 
travas."  R.  H. ,  ii.  657:  "  Et  cum  wakekorn  debeat  mitti  triturabit  tres  thravas." 
Also  R.  C,  iii.  159:  "  Nota,  quod  septem  disci  cumulati  de  wonk'  faoiunt  par- 
vam  mensuram  rasam  ;"  and  ibid.,  IGO:  "  Wouk'  per  quarteriuin  pro  farina." 
Vokepanni  a.re  mentioned  in  the  documents  relating  to  farms  in  the  Chartulary. 
R.  C,  iii.  168:  "  Redderet  etiam  duo  mille  vokepanni  ad  opus  servientum  vel 
quatuor  quarteria  et  quatuor  ringas  tritici  sicut  cadit  de  garbis,  veniilatas,  ad 
mensuram  del  melehous  rasas."  The  forms  ivouk',  wok'  and  vok'  occur  often  in  the 
grain  accounts  of  the  rolls. 

8 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

unius  carectarii,  trium  carucariorum,  vaccarii,  molendinarii  et  dayse 
ad  Purificationern  beatse  Maria?,  ii  s.  iiii  d.  quorum  quilibet  capit  iiii 
d. ;  et  in  stipendio  porcarii  ad  eundem  terminum,  iii  d. ;  ot  in  sti- 
pendio  eorundem  ad  Assencionem  Domini,  ii  s.  vii  d. ;  et  in  stipen- 
dio eorundem  ad  Gulam  Augusti,  ii  s.  vii  d. ;  et  in  stipendio  unius 
carectarii,  trium  carucariorum,  vaccarii,  molendinarii  et  dayse  ad 
festum  sancti  Michaelis,  xiiii  .s-.  quorum  quilibet  capit  ii  s. ;  et  in  sti- 
pendio unius  porcarii  ad  eundem  terminum,  xviii  d. 

Summa  xxxi  s.  iii  d. 
[Oblatio]ne8.     Idem  computat  in  oblationibus  Ricardi  Forestarii 
die  Natalis  Domini  iii  ob. ;  et  in  oblationibus  viii 
supradictorum  famulorum  die  Natalis  Domini  et  Paschse,  viii  d. ;  et 
in  caritate  eorundem  ad  Natalem,  ii  s.  Summa  ii  s.  ix  d.  ob. 

XX 

[Tritura]tio.     Idem  computat  in  viii  ix  ring,  iii  bu.  frumenti  (et 
de  X  ring,  de  novo  grano^)  triturandis  xiiii  s.  i  d. 

XX 

ob.  qu.  (x  d.)  :  pretium  ringse,  i  d. ;  et  in  xvi  ring,  ii  bu.  ordei,  iiii  x 

XX 

ring,  ii  bu.  drageti,  vii  xiii  ring,  avenge  et  in  v  ring,  pisarum  trituran- 
dis, X  s.  vi  d. :  pretium  ringse,  obolus ;   et  in  ccxlvii  ring,  i  bu.  fru- 

_XX         _  XX 

menti,  iiii  xi  ring,  i  bu.  ordei,  iiii  xvii  ring,  pisarum  ventandis  vii  s. 
vii  d. 

[Relax]atio  per  [breve?].  Idem  computat  in  relaxatione  omni- 
bus customariis  de  Wystowe  xx  s.  per 
i  breve ;  et  Agneti  le  longe  de  parva  Ravele  ix  d.  per  i  breve ;  et 
Roberto  ad  le  Broc  de  Wystowe  vi  d.  per  i  breve ;  et  Roberto  Crane 
et  Johanni  filio  suo  vi  d.  peri  breve;  et  Thomse  ad  le  Broc  de 
Wystowe,  clerico,  vi  d.  per  i  breve.  Summa  xxii  s.  iii  d. 

ExiTus  Grangiarum. 

Frumentum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xi  ring,  iii  bu.  per  opera 

de  ii  alls  jacentibus  in  loco  primaj  meyse  in  capite 

australe  raaioris  grangise ;  et  de  xxxvi  ring,  per  taskam  de  dictis 

duabus  alls  per  i  talliam  ;  et  de  Ix  ring,  ii  bu.  per  opera  de  meya 

XX 

cum  cumulo  ejusdem  partis ;  et  de  vi  xiii  ring,  iii  bu.  per  taskam 
de  eadem  meya  per  iii  tallias ;  et  de  x  ring,  receptis  de  Broutone 
per  talliam  contra  Johannem  Wylymot ;  et  de  xiii  ring,  per  i  tal- 
liam de  molendino.  Item;  et  de  xxiii  ring,  frumenti  de  novo 
grano  per  opera  et  per  i  talliam ;  et  de  xii  ring,  i  bu.  per  opera  de 


^  Inserted  above  the  line. 

9 


APPENDIX. 

uno  midsty  jacente  contra  hostium  maioris  grangiae;  et  de  xv  ring. 
per  taskam  de  eodem  mydsty  per  i  talliam. 

Surama  cclxvii  ring,  iii  bu. 
[I]nde :  in  semine  Ix  ring,  ii  6m.  per  i  talliam  ;  et  in  venditione 
task'  et  ventricibus  vii  ring,  cum  novo  grano  ;  et  in  missione  apud 

XX 

Rameseiam  vi  vi  ring,  quae  fecerunt  vii  quartaria  farie  (sic)  per 
talliam  contra  Thomam  Clericum,  et  pro  multura  earundem,  vii 
ring.,  et  in  mixtura  ad  wok',  et  ad  liberationem  famulorum,  Ivii 
ring. ;  et  in  missione  apud  novum  locum,  ii  ring,  iii  hu.  sine 
tallia;  et  in  expensis  seneschalli  ad  visum  et  super  compotum,  i 
ring,  per  ii  tallias ;  et  in  missione  apud  Upwode  ii  ring,  per  i  talliam 
et  apud  Novum  locum  ;  et  in  expensis  domorum  pro  supradictis  a 
festo  sancti  Michaelis  usque  Gulam  Augusti,  x  ring,  i  bu.  per  talliam  ; 
et  per  autumpnum  vi  ring,  per  talliam.  Item  ii  .  .  .  et  ii  precariis 
carucarum,  iiii  ring,  per  ii  tallias;  et  in  ii  precariis  autumpni,  xi 
ring. ;  et  in  le  Rypgos  ii  bu.  per  i  talliam ;  in  missione  apud  Rame- 
seiam xviii  ring,  de  novo  grano  quae  fecerunt  i  quartarium  per  supra- 
dictam  talliam  contra  Thomam  Clericum  ;  et  pro  multura  i  ring.  et. 

Ordeum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  jclv  ring,  iii  bu.  per  opera  de 
una  ala  jacente  in  loco  primse  in  capite  aquilonare 
maioris  grangise  in  parte  occidentale ;  et  de  xvi  ring,  ii  bu.  per  taskam 
de  eadem  ala  per  i  talliam ;  et  de  xx  ring,  receptis'  de  Houtone  per 
i  talliam  contra  Alexandrum  prsepositum  ;  et  de  xvi  ring,  de  molen- 
dino  per  i  talliam.  Item.  Et  de  xl  riiig.  receptis  de  manerio  de 
Halywell  sine  tallia;  et  de  xlii  ring,  receptis  de  personatu  de  Ofiforthe 
sine  tallia ;  et  de  1  ring,  receptis  de  personatu  de  Elesworthe  sine 
tallia ;  et  de  xl  ring,  de  novo  grano  per  i  talliam  per  opera. 

Summa  ccxxiiii^  ring,  i  bu. 

Inde:  in  semine  xxii  ring,  iii  bu.  per  i  talliam;  et  in  venditione 
task'  et  ventricibus  iii  bu.;  et  in  liospitio  nichil  quia  in  mixtura; 
et  in  mixtura  ad  wok'  ad  liberationem  famulorum,  xxvi  ring. ;  et 

XX 

in  braseo  faciendo,  viii  xviii  ring.  Item  in  braseo  faciendo,  xxxiiii 
ring. ;  et  in  mixtione  cum  drageto,  viii  ring,  ii  bu. ;  et  in  aucis  et 
gallinis  de  escajtis'  ii  bu.     Et  oeque. 

XX 

Dragetum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  x  ring,  ii  bu.  per  taskam 

de  meya  cum  cumulo  in  capite  aquilonare  maioris 

grangiae  plena  fere  ad  laquinos ;  et  de  vii  ring,  per  opera  de  eadem 

*  There  should  be,  however,  270  rings. 

'  Probably  " fallings"  of  grain  given  to  geese  and  chickens. 

10 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

meya  per  i  talliam  ;  et  de  xxviii  ring,  receptis  de  Houtone  de  per- 

sonatu  per  i  talliam   contra  Alexandrum   prsepositum ;  et  de  viii 

••111  •  .  ^^ 

ring,  ii  bu.  de  drageto  superms  mixto.  Summa  vi  xiiii  ring. 

Inde :  in  semine  xxxi  ring,  i  bu.  per  i  talliam ;  et  in  venditione 

task'  et  ventricibus,  ii  ring,  ii  bu. ;  et  in  braseo  faciendo,  iiii  xiii 

ring. ;  et  in  mixtione  cum  avena  de  escsetis,  ix  ring. ;  et  sic  de  in- 

cremento  vii  bu. 

Avena.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xlv  ring,  iii  bu.  per  opera  de 

meya  cum  cumulo  in  capite  aquilonare  maioris  gran- 

XX 

gise ;  et  de  vii  ring,  per  taskam  de  eadem  meya  per  i  talliam  ;  et 
de  xxjx  ring,  de  foddercoren  ;  et  desunt  iii  ring,  ii  bu.  de  prseposito, 
bedello  et  de  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  xv  ring,  de  novo  grano  de  i  tasso 
longo  per  opera  et  per  i  talliam ;  et  de  xiiii  ring,  per  taskam  de 
eodem  tasso  ;  et  de  ix  ring,  de  drageto  superius  mixto. 

Summa  ccxii^  rhig.  iii  bu. 

In  semine  vi  v  ring,  per  i  talliam  ;  et  in  venditione  task'  et  ven- 
tricibus, iiii  ring,  ii  bu. ;  et  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  xl  ring., 
quffi  fecerunt  viii  mittas  per  talliam  contra  Thomam  Clericum ;  et 
apud  Broutone  ad  equos  domini  abbatis,  iiii  ring. ;  et  in  farina  ad 
potagium,  iiii  ring,  i  bu.  per  i  talliam ;  et  in  equis  seneschalli  super 
compotum,  vi  bu.  per  i  talliam  ;  et  ad  visum,  vi  bu.  et  di.  per  i  tal- 
liam ;  et  in  equis  servientis  per  suos  adventus,  iii  ring. ;  et  in  vi 
equis  carectariorum  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis,  xlvii  ring,  per  i  talliam. 
Item  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  xv  ring,  quae  fecerunt  iii  mittas 
de  novo  grano  per  supradictam  talliam  contra  Thomam  Clericum  ; 
et  sic  remanent  vi  ring,  iii  bu.  et  di. 

Fabse  et  pisse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ixix  ring,  per  opera  de 

uno  tasso  lonco  (sic) ;  et  de  v  ring,  per  taskam  de 

eodem  tasso  per  i  talliam  ;  et  de  vi  ring,  de  emptione ;  et  de  v  ring. 

ii  bu.  de  novo  grano  per  opera.  Summa  iiii  v  ring,  ii  bu. 

Inde :  in  semine  xxi  ring,  ii  bu.  per  i  talliam ;  et  in  venditione 
task'  et  ventricibus  et  aliis,  iiii  ring,  i  bu. ;  et  in  missione  apud  Rame- 
seiam celerario,  vii  ring,  per  talliam ;  et  in  mixtura  ad  wok'  et  ad 
liberationem  famulorum,  xlii  ring ;  i  bu.;  et  in  porcis  et  purcellis 
sustinendis,  viii  ring,  ii  bu.  per  i  talliam ;  et  sic  de  incremento  i 
ring. 


^  Probably  cclii  ring,  iii  bu.,  for  this  is  the  sum  accounted  for  below. 

11 


APPENDIX. 

[Mixtujra.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ivii  ring,  frumeuti  xxvi 
ri7ig.  ordei  et  de  xlii  ring,  i  bu.  pisarum  superius  mix- 

tis.  Summa  vi  iiii  ring,  iii  hu.  Inde:  et  in  missione  apud  Rame- 
seiam  de  novo  grano  xviii  ring,  quve  fecerunt  i  wok'.  Idem  com- 
putat  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  xxxiii  ring.  qu£e  fecerunt  i  vok' 
et  dimidium  et  vi  ring,  per  talliam  contra  Thomam  Clericum  .... 
ii  ring,  per  talliam.  Idem  computat  liberatas  famulis  pro  arreragiis 
liberationum  suarum  anni  prascedentis,  xv  ring. ;  et  in  liberatione 
Wodewardi  a  festo  sancti  [Michaelis]  usque  in  crastino  sanctse  Marise 
Magdalenae  per  xlii  septimanas  et  dimidiam,  vi  ring,  iii  bu. ;  et 
desunt  vii  bu.  pro  defectu  bladi  .  .  .  .  ;  et  in  liberatione  unius  carec- 
tarii,  trium  carucariorum,  porcarii  et  molendinarii  a  festo  sancti 
Michaelis  usque  ad  eundem  festum  anno  revoluto  per  ....  xxxix 
ring,  iii  bu. ;  et  desunt  xii  ring,  i  bu.  pro  defectu  bladi ;  et  in  libera- 
tione dayse  per  supradictum  tempus,  vi  ring,  iii  bu. ;  et  de  .  .  .  . 
ring,  quae  ad  mensam  (?)  per  vi  septimanas  in  autumpno  et  iii  bu. 
pro  defectu  bladi ;  et  in  liberationibus  bercharii  a  festo  sanctorum 
C[  ]'  per  xxiiii  septimanas  usque  festum  sancti  Michaelis,  ii 

ring,  iii  bu. ;  et  desunt  v  bu.  pro  defectu  bladi ;  et  liberates  custodi 
bestiarum  iii  bu. 

Wystow^he. 

XX 

Grutum.^     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  viii  xviii  ring,  ordei  supe- 
rius brasiati ;  et  de  xxxiiii  ring,  (vi  ring.y  ordei  de  novo 
grano  superius  brasiati ;  et  de  iii  ring,  iii  bu.  de  emptione. 

Summa  cxxi  ring,  ii  bu. 
Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  xxxiii  ring,  qua  fecerunt  vii 

XX 

mittas  et  vi  bussellos  per  i  talliam ;  et  in  missione  ibidem  iiii  xiiii 
ring,  quse  fecerunt  xx  mittas  ;  et  iiii  ring,  per  aliam  talliam  contra 
Thomam  Clericum ;  et  in  mixtione  cum  brasyo  quia  non  purum 
grutum,  liiii  ring. ;  et  [in  expensis]  domorum  per  autumpnum,  ii 
ring,  i  bu.  ;  et  in  ii  precariis  autumpni,  ii  ring,  i  bu. ;  et  in  le  Rypgos, 
ii  bu.  per  i  talliam  ;  et  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  xxxiii  ring,  ii 

^  The  parchment  is  torn  at  the  name  of  the  second  saint ;  the  name  of  the  first 
is  not  clear. 

*  In  dorso ;  second  membrane.  Written  upside  down  at  the  top  of  the  mem- 
brane, and  apparently  a  heading  for  something  afterwards  cut  off,  is  the  follow- 
ing :  Perquisita  de  Wystowe  anno  J.  abbatis  xii. 

'  Written  above  the  line,  and  probably  the  correct  amount. 

12 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

bu.  de  novo  grano  quae  fecerunt  vii  mittas  ii  ring,  per  talliam  contra 
Thomam  Clericum ;  et  remanent  in  granario  ii  ring. 

Braseum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  rmr/.  de  remanente ;  et 

XX 

de  iiii  xiii  ring,  drageti  superius  brasiati ;  et  de  liiii 
ring,  de  gruto  superius  mixto ;  et  de  v  ring,  i  bu.  de  emptione. 

XX 

Summa  vii  xviii  ring,  i  bu. 

XX 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  v  quae  fecerunt  xx  mittas ;  et 
xl  ring,  quae  fecerunt  viii  mittas  per  ii  tallias  contra  Thomam  Cler- 
icum ;  et  in  cervisia  in  hospitio  pro  car  ....  faciendo  et  erigenti- 
bus  (?)  minorem  grangiam,  vi  ring. ;  et  in  seneschallo  ad  visum  iii 
bu.  per  i  talliam ;  et  in  hospitio  per  ....  autumpnum,  vii  bu. ;  et 
in  ii  precariis  autumpni  ix  riiig.  iii  bu.  per  ii  tallias ;  et  in  le  Kyp- 
gos  i  ring,  per  i  talliam ;  et  sic  de  incremento  i  ring. 

Staurum. 
Equi  carectarum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vii  de  remanenti- 
bus.  Inde  in  mo'rina  i.     Et  sic  remanent  vi 
carectarum.^ 

Stotti.^     Idem  reddit  compotum  de   v  de  remanentibus  et  de  i 
recepto  inferius  de  pullanis  byennis.     Et  sic  remanent 
vi  stotti. 

Byenni.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  de  remanente.    Inde  supe- 
rius inter  stottos  i.     Et  sic  remanet  nichil. 
Pullanus   mas   anup'.     Idem   reddit   compotum    de   remanente 
nichil ;  et  de  i  recepto  serius  de  exitu 
hoc  anno.     Et  sic  remanet  i  pullanus  anup'. 

Juvenci.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i   de  remanente.     Et  re- 
manet i  juvencus. 
Pullani   byenni.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  remanente  nichil ; 
et  de  i  recepto  inferius  de  pullanis  superan- 
natis.     Et  remanet  i  byennus. 

Bulla  femina  superannata.      Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  de  re- 
manente et  nichil  recepta  inferius. 
Inde  superius  inter  byennos  i.     Et  sic  nichil  remanet. 

Pulli  annup'.      Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  de   remanente   et 
nichil  recepto  inferius  de  exitu.    Inde  in  morina 
i.     Et  sic  nichil  remanet. 

^  Supply  eqid? 

^  Stotti — "low-bred  stallions."     See  Rogers,  Agriculture  and  Prices,  i.  36. 

13 


APPENDIX. 

Exitus.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  de  recepto  de  exitu  hoc 
anno ;  et  remanet  superius  pullanus  mas  prout  patet. 
Et  sic  nichil  remanet. 

Boves.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xviii  de  remanentibus  et  de 
ii  receptis  inferius  de  bovettis.     Inde  in  magna  precaria 
autumpni  i.     Et  remanent  xix  boves. 

Bovetti.     Idem  reddit  compotum   de  ii  de  remanentibus  et  de  i 
recepto   inferius    de   boviculis.       Inde   superius   inter 
boves  ii.     Et  sic  remanet  i  bovettus. 

Boviculi.     Idem  reddit  compotum   de  i  de  remanente  et  de  vi 
receptis  inferius  de  superannatis.     Inde  superius  inter 
bovettos  i.     Et  sic  remanent  vi  boviculi. 

Superannati.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  de  remanentibus ;  et 
de  iiii  receptis  inferius  de  remanentibus  vitulorum. 
Inde  superius  inter  boviculos  vi.     Et  remanent  iiii  superannati. 
[Vi]tuli  mas.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  v  de  remanentibus  et 
de  V  receptis  inferius  de  exitu.     Inde  superius  in- 
ter superannatos  iiii  et  in  morina  i.     Et  remanent  v  vituli. 

Taurus.     Idem  reddit  compotum   de  i  de  remanente.      Et  re- 
manet i  taurus. 
Vaccse.     Idem   reddit  compotum   de  xviii  de  remanentibus  ;  et 
nichil  recepta  inferius  de  juvencis.     Inde  in  morina  iii. 
Et  remanent  xv  vaccse. 

Juvencae.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  de  remanente  et  de  iiii 
receptis  inferius  de  juvenculis.     Inde  in  magna  pre- 
caria autumpni  i.     Et  remanent  iiii  juvencae. 

Juvenculae.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  de  remanentibus  et 
de  V  receptis  inferius  de  superannatis ;  et  superius 
inter  juvencas  iiii.     Et  remanent  v  juvenculye. 

Superannatse.      Idem    reddit   compotum    de  v   superannatis    et 
de  iiii  receptis  inferius  de  remanentibus  vitula- 
rum.     Inde  superius  inter  juvenculas  v.     Et  remanent  iiii  super- 
annata3. 

[V]itul8e.     Idem  reddit  com])otum  de  v  de  remanentibus  et  de  v 

receptis  inferius  de  exitu  vitulorum.     Inde  superius 

inter  superannatas  iiii  et  in  morina  i.     Et  remanent  v  vitulse. 

Exitus.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xv  vitulis  de  exitu  hoc  anno. 

In  venditione  v,  et  superius  inter  vitulos  mas  v,  et  inter 

vitulas  feminas  v.     Et  sic  nichil  remanet. 

[Ap]er,     Idem  reddit  cordpotum  de  i  de  remanente.  Et  remanet  i. 

14 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

[Por]ci.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Iviii  de  remanentibus  et  de 
xxxii  receptis  de  remanentibus  purcellorum.  Inde  in 
venditione  xxx  porci ;  et  in  lardario  v  porci ;  et  in  missione  ad 
coquinam  abbatis  apud  Rameseiam  iii ;  et  apud  Hemingforthe  ii 
porci ;  in  done  Jphanni  de  Sawtre  i  porcus.  Et  sic  remanent  xlix 
porci. 

[Pujrcelli.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxxii  de  remanentibus 
et  de  xiii  receptis  inferius  de  exitu  hoc  anno.     Inde 
superius  inter  porcos  xxxii.     Et  remanent  xiii  purcelli. 

.  .  .  .  ^     Idem  reddit  compotum  iii  de  remanentibus.     Et  rema- 
nent iii  ...  ,  es. 
....       Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxi  purcellis  de  exitu  hoc 
anno.     Inde  superius  inter  purcellos  de  remanentibus 
xiii.     Et  sic  nichil  remanet. 

[Pernae].     Idem  de  ii  pernis  de  remanentibus  et  de  v  porcis  posi- 
tis  in  lardario.     Summa  xii  pernse.     Inde  in  vendi- 
tione ii  pernse ;  et  in  seneschallo  super  compotum  dimidia  perna ; 
et  in  hospitio  usque  Gulam  Augusti  vii  pernse  et  dimidia;  et  per 
autumpnum  ii  pernse.     Et  sic  nichil  remanet. 

[Aucae].  Idem  reddit  compotum  (de)  xxiii  de  remanentibus  et 
de  1  de  exitu.  Summa  Ixxiii  aucse.  Inde  in  missione 
apud  Rameseiam  ad  coquinam  abbatis,  vi  aucse,  et  apud  Broutone 
ad  le  Rypgos  domini  abbatis,  iiii;  et  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam, 
celerario,  xi  aucse ;  et  ad  coquinam  abbatis  versus  Northamtone,  xii 
aucse ;  et  in  bracino  et  pistrino,  iii  aucse ;  et  in  seneschallo  super 
compotum,  ii  aucse ;  et  in  expensis  domorum  per  autumpnum  ii 
aucse  per  ii  tallias;  et  in  secunda  precaria,  ii  aucse ;  et  in  Rypgos,  iiii 
aucse  per  talliam ;  et  in  famulis  die  Nativitatis  beatse  Marise,  i  auca ; 
et  in  morina  ix.     Et  sic  remanent  xvii  aucse. 

[An]athes.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxx  de  remanentibus ;  et 
de  ii  (de)  exitu.    Summa  xxxii.     Inde  in  missione 
apud  Rameseiam  ad  coquinam  abbatis  ad  Natalem  x  et  in  morina 
vi.     Et  remanent  xvi  anathes. 

[Gajllinse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xliiii  de  remanentibus  et 

de  xxii  de  exitu  ;  et  de  ii  caponibus  de  Thoraa  Beye 

et  i  capon e  de  Gileberto  Carniste;  et  de  Ixxvi  gallinis  de  redditu 

assiso  (sic) ;  et  desunt  vii  gallinse  de  prseposito,  bedello,  fabro  et  de 

iiii  akermannis,  et  xxxvii  de  wodehenne  de  tota  villata.     Summa 


^  The  margin  has  been  torn  off. 

15 


APPENDIX, 

vii  V  gallinse.  Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  ad  coquinam  ab- 
batis  in  autumpno  et  alias  (sic),  xiiii ;  et  ad  coquinam  suam  apud 
Broutone  in  autumpno,  v  galling ;  et  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam, 
celerario,  Ixxii  gallinte ;  et  ad  coquinam  abbatis  pro  episcopo/  vi 
gallinae ;  et  in  argento,  xxx  gallinee;  et  in  hospitio  usque  Gulam 
Augusti,  xiii  gallinae ;  et  in  missione  ad  coquinam  abbatis  apud 
Hemingforthe  semel,  v  gallinse ;  et  in  morina  v ;  et  in  ostorio  domini 
abbatis,  i ;  et  remanet  xxvii  gallinse. 

XX 

Idem  reddit  compotum  vi  vi  caseis  de  remanentibus  et  de  Ixx 

XX 

caseis  de  reluco  et  de  vi  x  caseis  de  exitu  a  die  Veneris  proxime  ante 
festura  sancti  Augustini  Anglorum  Apostoli  usque  festum  sancti 
Michaelis,  quolibet  die  computato,  primo  et  ultimo. 

XX 

Summa  cc  iiii  vi  casei. 

XX 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam,  celerario,  vi  casei  qui  fecerunt 
iii  pensas  duri  casei ;  et  in  missione  apud  Broutone  ad  abbatem,  ii 
casei ;  et  apud  Rameseiam,  ii  frisci  et  dimidia  lagena  butiri ;  et  in 
seneschallo,  super  compotum,  i  caseus ;  et  in  hospitio  usque  Gulam 
Augusti  viii  casei  et  per  autumpnum  iiii ;  et  in  ii  precariis  autumjDni, 
xvi  casei ;  et  ad  feriam  Sancti  Ivonis  v  casei ;  vaccario  et  consuetu- 

XX 

dine  i.     Et  sic  remanent  vii  vii  casei. 

II. 

WisTOWE,  1298." 

Compotus  Thomse  Euty  praepositi  de  Wystowe  a  festo  sancti 
Michaelis  anno  domini  J.  abbatis  xiii,  de  receptis  et  expensis. 
Arreragia.     Idem  redit  compotum  de  [         ].' 
Ad  festum  sancti  Michaelis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  s.  vi 

d.  de  redditu  assiso  (sic). 
Ad  terminura  sancti  Martini.     Idem  reddit  compotum  vi  s.  x  d. 

ob.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis. 
Frumentum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xiiii  s.  iii  d.  qu.  de  vi 
ring,  fruraenti,  i  bu. ;  et  de  i   ring,  avense  vendita 
task'  et  vetricibus  (sic). 


^  Probably  refers  to  the  visit  of  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln.     See  Wardeboys  roll 
for  same  year. 

^  Public  Record  Office,  Ministers'  Accounts,  885/30. 
3  Blank  in  MS. 

16 


^N I  VERS 

COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Idem  reddit  compotum  de  v  s.  ix  d.  de  v  ring,  iii  bu.  avense  ven- 
ditis  super  compotum,  et  de  iii  s.  de  ii  ring,  brasey  venditis  super 
compotum. 

Staurum  venditum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  x  s.  ii  d.  de  iiii 
porcis  venditis  :  pretium  porci,  ii  s.  vi  d.  oh. ; 
et  de  V  s.  ii  d.  de  ii  porcis  venditis  ;  et  de  iii  s.  vii  d.  de  ii  porcis  im- 
mundis  venditis;  et  de  ii  .s.  i  d.  de  i  porco  immundo. 

Gersumse.  Idem  reddit  compotum  xiii  s.  iiii  d.  de  Godefrido 
Puskere  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrse  quondam  patris 
sui ;  et  de  v  .s.  de  Willelmo  Margarete  pro  i  hydemanland  quondam 
Alexandri  fratris  sui.  Summa  Ixxiii  s.  viii  d.  oh.  qu. 

Expense. 
Liberationes.     Idem  computat  pro  superexpensis  compoti  prse- 

cedentis  xxvi  s.  vi  d.  oh.  qu. 
Idem  computat  liberatos  in  cameram  abbatis  xi  s.  de  terra  Wal- 
teri  de  Graf  ham  per  i  talliam.     Idem  computat  liberatos  celerario 
super  talliam  x  s.     Eidem  pro  xv  fressingges,  vi  s. ;  et  de  stauro,  xvi 

XX 

porcos  de  pretio  xliiii  s.  Eidem  pro  ii  pensis  duri  casei,  vi  xiiii 
caseos,  et  capellano  domini  abbatis  iii  s. ;  et  in  sartrino  et  bracino  vi 
d.     Item. 

Idem  computat  in  xxx  ulnis  de  camecbo'  emptis  ad  molendinum 
vii  s.  vii  d.  Idem  computat  in  pannagio  de  xxi  porcis  apud  Bere- 
bichamstede  iii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  porcario,  xii  d. ;  et  in  viii  ulnis  ad  ii  sac- 
cos,  xii  d.  Item  carectario  versus  Cranfeld  pro  meremio  quirendo, 
meremium  ii  d. ;  et  versus  Westone  de  Walde,  i  d. ;  et  versus  Ter- 
feud'^,  i  d.,  in  parcameno,  iiii  d. 

Idem  computat  in  expensis  seneschalli  abbatis  ii  s.  iii  d.  oh.  qu. ; 
et  super  compotum,  iii  -s.  xi  d.  oh..,  iii  bu.  frumenti.  Item  vi  bu.  et  di. 
avense. 

Idem  computat  in  expensis  diversis  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis  ii  s. 
iiii  d.  qu. 

Item  liberatos  task'  et  ventricibus,  xiiii  s.  iii  d.  qu. 

Summa  totius  expensse  Ixvii  s.  i  d.  oh.  qu.  s[in]e  superexpensis ; 
et  sic  debet  praepositus  domino  vi  s.  vii  d. 

ExiTus  Grangiarum. 
Frumentum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iii  hu.  de  remanente ; 
et  de  vi  ring,   per  opera  de  uno  mydsty  jacenti 


*  Canvas?    See  Rogers,  Agriculture  and  Prices,  i  571.  '  Or  Terfend. 

2  17 


APPENDIX. 

XX 

contra  hostium  maioris  grangias  plena ;  et  de  v  ii  ring,  per  taskam 
de  eodem  mydsty  per  i  talliam  ;  et  de  iii  bu.  receptis  de  Upwode 
sine  tallia ;  et  de  ii  ring,  i  hu.  receptis  de  molendino  per  talliam. 

XX 

Summa  v  xi  ring,  iii  bu. 

Inde :  in  seniine  Ixix  ring,  ii  bu.  per  i  talliam ;  et  in  venditione 
task'  et  ventricibus,  vi  ring,  i  bu. ;  et  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam 
xxvii  ring,  quse  fecerunt  i  quartarium  et  dimidium,  et  iii  ring,  sine 
tallia ;  et  in  mixtura  ad  wok'  et  ad  liberationes  famulorum,  iiii 
ring,  ii  bu. ;  et  in  seneschallo  ad  visum,  iii  bu. ;  et  super  corapotum 
iii  bu.  per  ii  tallias  ;  et  in  hospitio  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis  usque 
festum  sancti  Edmundi  Regis,  ii  ring. ;  et  in  missione  apud  Novum 
Locum  iii  ring,  per  i  talliam  ;  et  sic  de  incremento  ii  ring.,  et  ulterius 
remanet  in  granario  i  bu.^ 

Ordeum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  nichil  de  remanente,  et  de 
XXV  ringis  per  opera  de  prima  mej'a  in  capite  orientale 
minoris  grangise  plena  usque  le  slyverasen  et  residuum  ante  festum 
sancti  Michaelis  cum  le  malthus  per  i  talliam ;  et  de  xxii  ring,  per 
opera  de  meya  cum  cumulo  ejusdem  partis;  et  de  xiii  rm(/.  per 
taskam  de  eadem  meya  per  i  talliam  ;  et  de  iiii  ring,  ii  bu.  receptis 
de  molendino  per  i  talliam.  Summa  Ixiiii  ring,  ii  bu. 

Inde :  in  braseo  fusendo  lix  7-ing.  ii  bu. ;  et  in  mixtura  iiii  ring. 
ii  bu.     Item  ii  bu. ;  et  seque. 

Dragetum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xl  ring,  receptis  de  prima 
meya   in    capite    aquilonare   minoris   grangiae   per 
taskam  et  per  i  talliam  ;  et  in  braseo  faciendo,  xxxv  ring,  i  bti. ;  et 
remanent  in  granario  iiii  ring,  iii  bu.  et  seque. 

Avena.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  ring,  iii  bu.  et  di.  de  re- 
manente ;  et  de  Ivii  ring,  per  taskam  de  prima  meya  in 
capite  aquilonare  maioris  grangise  per  i  talliam 

Inde :  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  x  ring,  per  i  talliam  ;  et  x 
ring,  sine  tallia  quse  fecerunt  iiii  mittas  contra  Thomam  Clericum  ; 
in  farina  ad  potagium,  i  ring. ;  et  in  equis  seneschalli  ad  visum,  vii 
bu. ;  et  in  equis  seneschalli  super  compotum  vii  bu.  per  i  talliam ; 
et  in  equo  servientis  ii  bu.  sine  tallia ;  et  in  equis  carectariorum  xiii 
ring,  iii  bu.  per  i  talliam ;  et  remanent  xi  ring,  ii  bu.  et  di.  In  venditione 
i  ring,  task',  et  in  venditione  sui)er  compotum,  xii  ring,  et  {sicy 

Fabse  et  pisse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  nichil  de  remanente ; 
et  de  xii  ring,  per  opera  de  uno  tassiculo  rotundo. 

^12  rings,  3  bushels,  remain  unaccounted  for.       '  2  bu.  are  unaccounted  for. 

18 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Inde :  in  porcis  pinguendis  vii  ring. ;  et  sic  remanent  v  ring,  in 
granario,  et  ulterius  i  bu. 

Grutura.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  ring,  de  remanente  et  de 

Ixix  ring,  ii  bu.  Summa  Ixxi  ring,  ii  bu. 

Inde  in  hospitio  et  ad  visum,  ii  ring,  ii  bu. ;  et  in  missione  apud 
Rameseiam  xxxvi  ring,  quse  fecerunt  viii  mittas  per  talliam  contra 
Thomam  Clericum  ;  et  remanent  in  granario  et  in  malthus  xii  ring. ; 
et  in  mixtura  cum  braseo,  xx  ring,  iii  6m.  ;  et  seque. 

Braseum.     Idem  reddit  compotum   de  xxxv  ring,  i  bu.  drageti 
superius  brasiati ;  et  de  xx  ring,  iii  bit.  de  gruto  mixto. 

Summa  Ivi  ring. 
Inde :  in  venditione  super  compotum  ii  ring.     Inde  in  missione 
apud  Rameseiam  xx  ring,  sine  tallia ;  et  remanent  xxxiiii  ring. ;  et 
seque.  x 

III. 

WisTOWE,  1307.' 
Compotus  Stephani  Catelyne  prsepositi  de  Wystowe  a  festo  sancti 
Michaelis  anno  domini  J.  abbatis  xxii  usque  ad  eundem  festum 
anno  revoluto. 

Arreragia.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ixxv  s.  iiii  d.  qu.  de  arre- 

ragiis  anni  prsecedentis.       Summa  Ixxv  s.  iiii  d.  qu. 
Michaelis.     Idem  reddit  compotum   de  iiii  s.  vi  d.  de  redditu 

assisse.  Summa  iiii  s.  vi  d. 

Martini.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  v  d.  qu.  de  auxilio  vice- 
comitis,  et  desunt  v  d.  de  iiii  akermannis  ;  et  de  vii  d. 
ob.  qu.  de  Wardsilver,  et  deest  obolus  de  iiii  akermannis. 

Summa  vii  s.  i  d. 
Andrew.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  s.  i  d.  ob.  qu.  hewechyre, 
et  desunt  xiiii  d.  de  pra^posito,  bedello,  fabro  et  de  iiii 
akermannis ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  terra  Walteri  de  Graf  ham  ;  et  de 
molendino  ad  firmam,  xviii  s.  iiii  d.       Summa  xlvi  s.  xi  d.  ob.  qu. 
Natalis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xii  s.  i  d.  de  maltsilver,  et 
desunt  xvii  d.  ob.  de  prasposito,  bedello,  fabro  et  de  iiii 
akermannis  ;  et  de  molendino  ad  firmam,  xviii  s.  iiii  d. 

Summa  xxx  s.  v  d. 
Annunciationis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  s.  i  d.  ob.  qu.  de 
hewechyre  cum  redditu,  et  desunt  xiiii  d.  de 
prseposito,  bedello,  fabro  et  de  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  xvi  d.  de  fys- 

1  Brit.  Mus.,  Add.  Ch.,  39889. 
19 


APPENDIX. 

silver ;  et  de  ii  s.  viii  d.  oh.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis ;  et  de  ii  s.  iii  d. 
de  argento  vinese ;  et  de  xxxiii  s.  iiii  d.  de  quinque  virgatis  terrae  ad 
censum  quorum  quilibet  {sic)  dat  dimidiam  marcam.  Et  de  xviii 
s.  iiii  d.  de  molendino  ad  firmam  ;  et  de  iii  s.  ix  d.  qu.  de  redditu 
Ranulfi  de  Clerevaus.  Summa  iiii  Ii.  iiii  s.  x  d.  oh. 

Nativitatis  beati  Johannis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  ix  d. 

qu.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  ;  et  de  xviii 
s.  iiii  d.  de  molendino  ad  firmam.  Summa  xxv  s.  i  d.  qu. 

Terminum  sancti  Benedicti.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiiii  s. 

V  d.  oh.  qu.  de  redditu  cum  hewe- 
chire,  et  desunt  xiiii  d.  de  prseposito,  bedello,  fabro  et  iiii  akerman- 
nis ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d.  de  Wethersilver ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  terra  Wal- 
teri  de  Graf  ham  ad  eundem  terminum;  et  de  redditu  Ranulfi  de 
Clerevaus  oh.  qu. ;  et  de  hangerlondsilver  iiii  d.  quia  seminatur  hoc 
anno.  Summa  xxxii  s.  viii  d.  oh. 

Nativitatis  beatse  Mariae.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxxiii  s.  iiii 

d.  de  quinque  virgatis  terrse  ad  censum. 
Summa  xxxiii  s.  iiii  d. 
De  operibus  venditis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xlii  s.  dccc 
xlviii  operibus  venditis  in  yeme:  pretium 

XX 

operis,  obolum  ;  et  de  Ivii  s.  ix  d.  de  ccc  v  ii  operibus  venditis  in 
autumpno  :  pretium  operis,  i  d.  oh.  Summa  iiii  Ii.  xix  s.  ix  d. 

Frumentum  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xv  d.  receptis 

de  ii  hu.  frumenti  venditis  ventricibus 
circa  festum  Omnium  Sanctorum  ;  et  de  xxi  d.  de  iii  bu.  venditis 
eisdem. 

Ordeum  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xix  d.  oh.  de  iii 
hu.  ordei  venditis  ventricibus  circa  festum 
sancti  Thomse  Apostoli. 

Pisse   venditse.     Idem   reddit   compotum    de  xiiii  d.  de  i  ring. 

pisarum  vendita  eisdem.  Summa  v  s.  ix  rf.  oh. 
Staurum  venditum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ixx  s.  de  xx 
porcis  venditis  Nicholao  le  Cowhirde  et 
Thomse  Henrico :  pretium  porci,  iii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  de  1  .s.  receptis  de  xx 
porcis  venditis  eisdem  :  pretium  ])orci,  ii  s.  vi  (/. ;  et  de  xix  s.  receptis 
de  V  porcis  venditis  Henrico  le  Daye;  et  de  xx  s.  de  i  bove  vendito 
circa  Pascham ;  et  de  xl  s.  de  xii  porcis  venditis  celerario :  pretium 
porci,  xl  d.  Summa  ix  H.  xix  s. 

Staurum  mortuum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  s.  iiii  d.  de  car- 
cosio  unius  boviculi  submersi  in  marisco ; 
20 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

et  de  X  s.  de  vi  pernis  venditis  ;  et  de  v  s.  de  corio  i  bovis  et  de  corio 
i  bovetti  de  remanentibus  ;  et  de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  corio  i  bovis  de  morina 
in  marisco ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  corio  i  bovis  occisi  ad  precarias  au- 
tumpni ;  et  de  vi  d.  de  pelletteria  i  agni  mas  occisi  ad  precarias 
auturapni ;  et  de  xii  d.  de  ii  lagenis  butyri  venditis. 

Summa  xxv  s.  iiii  d. 

Minuta  vendita.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  s.  xi  d.  de  stipulis 
venditis ;  et  de  Iiii  s.  iiii  d.  de  iiii  acris  prati 
venditis  in  Wyleweyemade  In  i  pecia  prati  vendita  de  relucro  apud 
le  Benemade,  xv  s.  vi  d.  ;  et  de  ii  6\  de  tanno  vendito ;  et  de  pan- 
nagio  porcorum  xxiii  s.  vii  d.  per  talliam  contra  Thomam  de  Nor- 
grove ;  et  de  ii  s.  receptis  de  Nicholao  molendinario  pro  emenda- 
tione  panni  virgse  molendini ;  et  de  vi  d.  receptis  pro  una  vacca  er- 
randa  (?)  veniente  quasi  weyf  quia  calumpniata  fuit ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii 
d.  pro  Iiii  lagenis  et  dimidia  venditis :  pretium  lagense,  ob.  qit. ;  et  de 
ii  6\  vi  d.  de  c  columbis  venditis :  pretium  iiii "'',  i  d.  Et  prseceptum 
est  prseposito  quod  de  cetero  respondebit  pro  qualibet  vacca  de  caseo 
et  butyro  vendito.  Summa  cviii  s.  viii  d. 

Fines  et  Gersumae.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  s.  receptis  de 
Cristina  le  Swan  de  Parva  Ravele  pro  licentia 
maritandi ;  et  de  ii  s.  de  Emma  filia  Roberti  Pabri  pro  eodem  (sic)  ; 
et  de  X  s.  receptis  de  Thoma  le  Akerman  pro  ingressu  habendo  in 
terra  Graf  ham ;  et  de  vi  s.  viii  d.  receptis  de  Johanne  le  Heryng- 
mongere  pro  ingressu  habendo  in  uno  cotlando  quondam  matris 
suae.  Summa  xx  s.  viii  d. 

De  visu  et  aliis  curiis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  Ii.  ix  s.  i  d. 
de  visu  ;  et  de  curia  autumpni  xiii  s.  iii  d. 
Summa  vii  Ii.  xxii  d. 

Summa  totius  receptee  cum  arreragiis  xliiii  Ii.  xv  s.  x  d.  ob.  qti.^ 

Expensee.  Idem  computat  liberatos  in  cameram  domini  abbatis 
de  auxilio  vicecomitis  vi  s.  vi  d.;  et  v  s.  vi  d.  de  terra 
Graf  ham  per  i  talliam  ;  et  liberatos  in  eandem  de  visu,  iii  s.  vi  d.; 
et  de  terra  Graf  ham,  vii  6\  per  i  talliam.  Item  liberatos  in  eandem 
de  visu,  xl  s. ;  et  liberatos  in  eandem  de  auxilio  vicecomitis,  vi  s.  vi 
d.  ob.  qu. ;  et  de  terra  Graf  ham,  v  s.  vi  d,  per  i  talliam.  Item  solvit 
fratri  Stephano  super  compotum  Ixv  s.  Item  solvit  pro  roba  Thomse 
de  Norgrove  vi  s.  viii  d.  Idem  computat  in  i  capriolo  empto  et 
misso  domino  abbati  ad  Pascham  ix  d. ;  et  de  stauro  vi  puloni.^ 

'  The  sum  is  not  correct.     Some  items  have  evidently  been  omitted. 
^  Pullani? 

21 


APPENDIX. 

Item  missos  ad  eidem  quando  ivit  ad  sepeliendum  domini  regis,  i 
vitulum,  vi  capriolos.  Item  eidem  ad  Pentecostem  iiii  capriolos  et 
vi  pulonos.  Item  in  v  aucis  emptis  et  missis  eidem  ad  Pentecos- 
tem, X  d.  Summa  vii  li.  vii  s.  ix  d.  oh.  qu. 

Celerarius.  Idem  computat  solutos  celerario  super  talliam  Ix  s. ; 
et  pro  quinque  pensis  et  dimidia  duri  casei,  xliiii  s. ; 
et  de  stauro  ii  pensas ;  et  pro  vii  pensis  baconum  et  dimidia,  Ixxv  s. ; 
et  pro  frescynges,  1  s. ;  et  pro  agnis,  iii  s.  vii  (/.  qu. ;  et  pro  carne  boum, 
xviii  d. ;  et  pro  multone  vs.;  et  pro  butyro,  xii  s.  iii  d. ;  et  pro 
allece,  vs.;  et  pro  frisco  caseo,  ix  s.  per  iii  tallias.  Idem  computat 
solutos  capellano  domini  abbatis  iii  s.  Item  in  sartrino  pro  f3do  et 
sapone,  vii  d.  oh. ;  in  pistrino  et  bracino,  vi  d. 

Subcelerarius.  Idem  computat  solutos  subcelerario  pro  operibus 
vineae  ii  s.  iii  d.  per  i  talliam.  Idem  computat 
solutos  receptoribus  pro  melle  vi  s.  per  testimonium  fratris  Johannis 
de  Leytone.  Idem  computat  solutos  Jolianni  de  Broughton  de  red- 
ditu  Ranulphi  de  Clerevaus  ad  festum  sancti  Michaelis,  viii  d. ;  et  ad 
manerium  de  Riptone  Regis  iiii  d.  pro  hangerlondsilver ;  et  firmario 
de  Upwode,  ii  s.  i  d.  oh. ;  et  Johanni  Gocelyne  de  redditu  Ranulphi 
de  Clerevaus  viii  d.  ad  Pascham, 

Summa  xiii  li.  xv  s.  vi  d.  qu.     Item  vi  s. 

Fabse  emptse.     Idem  computat  in  vi  ring,   fabarum  emptis  pro 
celerario  x  s.  xi  d. :  pretium  ringse,  xxii  d.     In  ii 
ring,  emptis  pro  semine  iiii  s. 

Staurum  emptum.  Idem  computat  in  i  stotto  empto  viii  s.  In 
ciiii  agnis  emptis  de  domino  Rogero  de  Nor- 
ton, iiii  li.  xiii  s. :  pretium  agni,  ix  d.  Item  in  xxiiii  pulcinis  emptis 
pro  domino,  xiiii  d. ;  et  in  xxxiii  gallinis  emptis  pro  celerario,  iiii  s. 
X  d.  oh.  In  XX  pulcinis  emptis,  viii  d.  oh.  Item  in  xii  pulcinis 
emptis,  vi  d.  Item  in  expensis  propositi  in  itinere  versus  Wyse- 
becham  pro  agnis  emendis  cum  iii  garciouibus,  xii  d. 

Staurum  mortuum  emptum.     Idem  computat  ii  s.  vi  d.  in  xii 

caseis  emptis  de  Upwode  ad  im- 
plendum  duo  pensas  casei  apud  Rameseiam.  In  dcccxxx  ovis 
emptis  pro  celerario  ad  Natalem,  iiii  s.  i  d.  oh. 

Summa  vi  li.  x  s.  ix  d.  oh. 

WySTOWE    anno   J.    ABBATIS   XXII. 

Dragetum,     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  cl  7'ing.  drageti  de  dua- 
bus  dimidiis  meyis  per  opera  ex  parte  boreale  grau- 
22 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

gise  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  talliam  ;  et  residuum  est  avena ; 
et  de  xviii  ring,  receptis  de  ordeo  superius  mixto. 

Sunima  clxviii  ringse. 
Inde  in  semine  xxxix  ring,  iii  bu.  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove 
per  i  talliam.     In  braseo  infusendo  cxxxii  ring,  iii  bu.  per  i  talliam 
contra  Dayam  ;  et  de  incremento  iiii  ring,  ii  bu. 

XX 

Pisfe.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  xvi  ring,  i  bu. ;  et  de  xxiii 
ring,  ii  bu.  de  quadam  parte  alterius  tassi  per  opera  contra 
Thomam  per  i  talliam  ;  et  residuum  reinanet  in  garbis ;  et  de  empti- 
one  viii  ring.  Summa  cvii  ring,  iii  bti. 

Inde  in  semine  xxiiii  ring,  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i 
talliam.  In  missione  apud  Rameseiam  vi  ring,  pro  prsebenda 
equorum.  In  mixtura  ad  liberationem  famulorum,  xlii  ring.  In 
mixtura  pro  wok',  xviii  ring.  In  prsebenda  equorum  carectse,  ix 
ring,  i  btt.  In  porcis  joinguendis  et  sustinendis,  xx  ring,  ii  bu.  In 
missione  celerario,  vi  ring.  Et  remanent  in  granario  vii  ring. ;  et  sic 
de  incremento,  v  ring. 

Avena.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  ring,  de  remanente ;  et  de 

XX 

c  iiii  iii  ring,  de  duabus  dimidiis  meiis  per  opera  ex  parte 
boriale  grangise  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i  talliam ;  et  re- 
siduum est  dragetum  ;  et  de  novo  grano  xii  ring,  ii  bu.  contra 
Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i  talliam. 

XX 

Summa  c  iiii  xvi  ring,  ii  bu. 
Inde  in  semine  Ivii  ring,  iii  bu.  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per 
i  talliam.     In  prsebenda  equorum  carectse,  xlviii  ring,  iii  hu.     In 

XX 

missione  apud  Rameseiam  v  viii  ring,  quae  fecerunt  xxi  mittas  iii 
ring.     In  farina  ad  potagium,  v  ring. ;  et  sic  de  incremento,  iii  ring. 

Mixtura.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ix  ring,  frumenti,  xviii  ring. 
ordei  et  de  Ix  ring,  pisarum.  Summa  cxviii  ring. 

Inde  in  liberatione  unius  carectarii,  iii  carucariorum,  i  vaccarii, 
i  bercarii,  i  porcarii  et  i  dayse  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad 

XX 

eundem  festum  anno  revoluto,  per  Hi  septimanas,  iiii  i  ring.,  capta 
ringa  per  quinque  septimanas  ;  et  deest  i  ring,  de  daya  quia  fuit  ad 
mensam  per  quinque  septimanas  in  autumpno ;  et  deest  etiam  i 
ring,  de  porcario  quia  sine  porcario  per  quinque  septimanas  causa 
mortis ;  et  cuidam  custodienti  bestias  in  marisco  per  xxxvi  septi- 
manas, iii  ring.,  capta  ringa  per  xii  septimanas ;  et  in  missione  apud 
Rameseiam  liiii  ring,  quae  fecerunt  iii  wok' ;  et  sque. 

23 


APPENDIX. 

Grutum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  clxxiii  ring,  gruti  supe- 

rioris  de  ordeo  infuso.  Summa  patet. 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  c  Ix  ring,  quse  fecerunt  xl  mit- 
tas.  In  expensis  pro  visu,  i  ring.  In  expensis  domorum  a  festo 
sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  eundem  festum  prseter  quinque  septi- 
manas  in  autumpno,  xii  ring.  In  expensis  domorum  per  autump- 
num,  vi  ring,  ii  bu.  In  expensis  pro  precariis  autumpni,  v  ring.  In 
expensis  pro  le  repegos,  i  ring.  Et  sic  de  incremento  xii  ring,  ii  bu. ; 
et  nihilominus  remanent  in  granario  xii  ring. 

Braseum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  rm^.  de  remanente;  et 
de  cxxxii  ring,  iii  bu.  brasei  receptis  superius  de  dra- 
geto  infuso.  Summa  cxxxiiii  ring,  iii  bu. 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  cxliiii  ring,  quse  fecerunt 
xxxii  mittas  iiii  ring.     Et  sic  de  incremento,  ix  ring,  i  bu. 

Equi  carectse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  equis  carectse  de  re- 

manentibus.     Et  remanent  vi  equi  carectse. 
Stotti.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  v  stottis  de  remanentibus ;  et 
de  i  recepto  de  emptione.     Summa  vi.     Et  remanent  vi 
stotti. 

Boves.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxi  bobus  de  remanentibus ;  et 
de  vii  receptis  inferius  de  bovettis.    Summa  xxviii.    Inde 
in  morina  i,  et  occisus  pro  precariis  autumpni  i,  in  venditione  i. 
Et  remanent  xxv  boves. 

Bovetti.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vii  bovettis  de  remanentibus ; 
et  de  vii  receptis  inferius  de  boviculis.     Summa  xiiii. 
Inde  superius  inter  boves  vii.     Et  remanent  vii  bovetti. 

Boviculi.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  viii  boviculis  de  remanen- 
tibus ;  et  de  V  receptis  inferius  de  superannatis.    Sum- 
ma xiii.     Inde  in  morina  i,  et  superius  inter  bovettos  vii.     Et  re- 
manent V  boviculi. 

Superannati.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  superannatis  de  re- 
manentibus; et  de  vii  receptis  inferius  de  vitulis 
mas.     Summa  xiii.     Inde  submersus  in  marisco  i,  et  superius  inter 
boviculos  V.     Et  remanent  vii  superannati. 

Vituli  mas.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ix  vitulis  mas  de  rema- 
nentibus ;  et  de  V  receptis  inferius  de  exitu.     Sum- 
ma xiiii.     Inde  in  morina  ii,  et  superius  inter  superannatos  vii. 
Et  remanent  v  vituli  mas. 

Taurus.     Idem  reddit  com])otum  de  i  tauro  de  remanente.     Et 
remanet  i  taurus. 

24 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Vaccse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xx  vaccis  de  remanentibus ; 
et  de  ii  receptis  inferius  de  juvencis.     Summa  xxii.     Et 
remanent  xxii  vacca?. 

Juvencse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  juvencis  de  remanenti- 
bus; et  de  ii  juvencis  receptis  inferius.     Summa  iiii. 
Inde  superius  inter  vaccas  ii.     Et  remanent  ii  juvencse. 
Juvenculse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  juvenculis  de  remanen- 
tibus ;  et   de   vi  receptis  inferius  de  superannatis. 
Summa  viii.      Inde  superius  inter  juvencas  ii.     Et  remanent  vi 
juvenculse. 

Superannatse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  superannatis  de  re- 
manentibus ;  et  de  V  receptis  inferius  de  vitulis 
fe.     Summa  xi.     Inde  superius  inter  juvenculas  vi.     Et  remanent 
V  superannatse. 

Vitulse  fe.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vii  vitulis  fe  de  remanen- 
tibus ;  et  de  vi  receptis  inferius  de  exitu.     Summa 
xiii,     Inde  in  morina  ii,  et  superius  inter  superannatis  v.     Et  re- 
manent vi  vitulse  fe. 

Exitus.      Idem    reddit   compotum    de   xii   vitulis    receptis    de 

exitu  hoc  anno.    Summa  xii.    Inde  in  missione  domino 

abbati    in    itinere    versus    Londonem     ad    sepeliendum     domini 

regis  i,  et  superius  inter  vitulos  mas  v,  et  inter  vitulas  fe  vi.     Et 

seque. 

Multones.     De  remanente  nichil,  et  de  Ivii  receptis  inferius  de 

agnis  mas.     Et  remanent  Ivii  multones. 
Agni  mas.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ixiii  agnis  mas  de  rema- 
nentibus ;  et  de  Ixxiii  receptis  inferius  de  exitu  et 
emptione.      Summa  cxvi.     Inde  in  morina  ante  tonsionem  vii,  et 
post  tonsionem  i,  et  occisus  ad  precarias  autumpni  i,  et  superius 
inter  multones  Ivii.     Et  remanent  Ixxiii  agni  mas. 

Matrices.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  ove  remanente;  et  de  xl 
receptis  inferius  de  agnis  fe.     Summa  xli.     Et  rema- 
nent xii  oves  matrices. 

Agni  fe.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xliii  agnis  fe  de  remanenti- 
bus; et  de  xliiii  receptis  de  emptione  de  domino  Rogero 

XX 

de  Nortone ;  et  de  exitu  hoc  anno  i.  Summa  iiii  viii.  Inde  in 
morina  ante  tonsionem  iii,  et  superius  inter  matrices  xl.  Et  rema- 
nent xlv  agni  fe. 

Exitus.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ciiii  agnis  emptis  de  domino 
Rogero  de  Nortone,  et  de  exitu  hoc  anno  i.    Summa  c 
25 


APPENDIX. 

V.     Inde  superius  inter  agnos  mas  Ixxiii,  et  inter  agnos  fe  xlv,  et  in 
morina  vii.     Et  seque. 

XX 

Vellera.     Idem  reddit  compotum   de  v  velleribus  de  exitu  hoc 
anno  et  missa  sunt  apud  Raraeseiam  per  talliam.     Et 
seque. 

Pelles.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  quinque  pellibus  agnorum  de 

remanentibus,  et  de  vii  pellibus  agnorum  mas  et  fe,  et  de 

i  pelletteria  agni  mas  occisi  ad  precarias,  et  de  vii  pellibus  agnorum 

de  exitu  et  de  emptione.     Et  remanent  vii  pelles  lanutffi  et  xii  pelles 

agnorum  et  i  pelletteria  bydentis. 

Apri.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  apro  de  remanente.     Et  re- 

manet  i  aper. 

Porci.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ixvii  porcis  de  remanentibus ; 

et  de  liii  receptis  inferius  de  porcellis.    Summa  c  i.    Inde 

in  venditione  Ivii.     In  lardario  viii,  et  in  missione  domino  abbati 

pro  priore  de  Huntingdone  i  et  in  morina  i.     Et  remanent  liiii 

porci. 

Porcelli.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ix  porcellis  de  remanenti- 
bus, et  de  Ixiiii  de  exitu  hoc  anno.      Summa   ciiii. 
Inde  in  morina  vi  et  superius  inter  porcos  liiii.     Et  remanent  Ixiiii 
porcelli. 

Sues.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iii  suis  (sic)  de  remanentibus. 

Et  remanet  iii  sues. 
Exitus.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ixvi  porcellis  de  exitu  hoc 
anno.     Summa  patet.     Inde  in  morina  ii  et  superius 
inter  porcellos  Ixiiii.     Et  £eque. 

Lardarius.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  viii  porcis  positis  in  lar- 
dario. Summa  patet.  Inde  in  venditione  vi  per  tal- 
liam. In  expensis  domorum  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  eun- 
dem  festum,  prseter  in  autumpno,  iii  porci  et  i  qn.  In  expensis 
domorum  per  autumpnum,  ii  pernse  et  di.  et  i  qu.  Et  remanet  i 
perna. 

Coria.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  corio  i  pullani,  ii  juvencorum, 

i   bovis,  i  bovetti,  i   vaccse  et  coriis  ii  superannatorum 

de  remanentibus,  et  de  corio  i  bovis  de  morina,  i  bovis  occisi  ad 

precarias    autumpni,   i   boviculi    de   morina,   i   superannati   sul)- 

mersi,  ii  vitulorum  mas  de  morina  et  ii  vitulorum  fe  de  morina. 

Summa  xvi. 
Inde  in  venditione  iii  coria  bourn,  et  corium  i  bovetti,  et  in  ex- 
pensis pro  harnesio,  corium  i  pullani,  ii  jumentarum,  i  vaccse  et  ii 

26 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

superannatorum.  Et  remanent  cerium  i  boviculi,  i  superannati,  ii 
vitulorum  mas  et  ii  vitulorum  fe. 

Aucse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  aucis  de  remanentibus, 

et  de  Ii  de  exitu,  et  de  emptione  vi.    Summa  Ixxiiii.    Inde 

in  morina  iii,  in  missione  celerario  x,  et  domino  abbati  per  vices  ix. 

In  expensis  domorum,  ut  patet  superius,  xii.     In  pistrino  et  bracino 

iii.     In  expensis  pro  curia  v.     Et  remanent  xxxii  aucsd. 

Anathes.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxxix  anathibus  de  rema- 
nentibus, et  de  xxxvii.     Summa  Ixxvi.     Inde  in  ex- 
pensis pro  visu  iii.     In  missione  domino  abbati  per  vices  xii.     In 
expensis  domorum  per  vices  vii.     In  morina  v.     Et  remanent  xlix 
anathes. 

Capones.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  caponibus  de  remanen- 
tibus ;  et  de  vii  receptis  de  redditu.    Summa  xiii.    Inde 
in  missione  domino  abbati  xiii.     Et  seque. 

Gallinse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  x  gallinis  de  remanentibus, 
et  de  Ixxvi  de  redditu,  et  de  emptione  Ixxix,  et  de  ex- 

XX 

itu  XV.  Summa  clx.  Inde  in  missione  celerario  v  iii,  et  domino 
abbati  ut  supra  xxiiii.  In  expensis  pro  visu  et  curia  autumpni  ix. 
In  expensis  domorum  per  vices  xiii.  In  morina  ix.  Et  remanent 
xxii  gallinse. 

Casei.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  cxxxvi  casei  de  remanentibus, 
et  de  xii  de  relucro  inter  festum  sancti  Michaelis  et  Nata- 
lem,  et  de  Ixv  de  exitu  a  festo  sancti  Augustini  Episcopi  usque  ad 
festum  sancti  Michaelis,  quolibet  altero  die  computato,  et  de  xii  de 
emptione.  Summa  ccxxxiiii.  Inde  in  missione  celerario  cxxvi. 
In  expensis  domorum  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  eundem 
festum  preeter  quinque  septimanas  in  autumpno,  x.  In  expensis 
per  autumpnum  vii.     In  magna  precaria  x,  et  vaccario  ex  consue- 

XX 

tudine  i.     Et  remanent  v  casei. 

Butyrus.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  quartario  de  remanente  et 

de  vi  lagenis  et  dimidia  de  exitu.     Summa  vi  lagenae 

et  di.  et  i  quartarius.     Inde  in  venditione  ii  lageuie.     In  expensis 

domorum  i  lagena.     In  bidentibus  unguendis  iii  lagenae  et  iii  qu. 

Et  seque. 

Columbse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ccxxxi  de  exitu  hoc  anno. 
Summa  patet.     Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam 

1       •  •  T  ^^ 

Ivi  per  vices.  In  expensis  domorum  per  totum  annum  iiii  xv  per 
diversas  tallias,  et  in  venditione  ut  supra  c.     Et  seque. 

27 


APPENDIX. 


Carbones.     Idem  reddit  compotura  de  xl  ring.'  de  remanentibus. 
Summa  patet.     Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam 
xii  ring.     Et  remanent  xxviii  ring,  carbonum. 

Carucffi.  Idem  computat  in  iii  carucis  de  novo  faciendis  et  aliis 
eraendandis  ad  tascham  x  d.  Item  in  dictis  carucis 
emendandis  circa  festum  sancti  Barnabi  Apostoli,  iiii  d.  oh.  In  vi 
ploucloutis  emptis,  ix  d.,  et  Godefrido  Fabro  pro  carucis  faciendis 
per  annum,  ii  s.  Item  in  vi  clutis,  ix  d.  Item  solutum  cuidam  car- 
pentario  per  i  diem  pro  carucis  emendandis  ad  mensam,  i  d.  Item 
in  stipendio  i  hominis  pro  carucis  rest[aur]andis  et  reparandis  in 
autumpno,  xii  d.  In  v  garbis  asceris  emptis,  ii  s.  x  d.  oh. :  pretium 
garbai,  viii  d.  oh.  In  vi  peciis  ferri  emptis,  xxi  (7.  Item  soluti  fabro 
pro  ferramentis  carucarum  emendandis,  iii  d.     Summa  x  s.  viii  d. 

Carectffi.  Idem  computat  in  duabus  paribus  rotarum  emptis  v  s. 
In  iii  paribus  rotarum  nudarum  emptis,  v  s.  iii  d.  In 
expensis  prgepositi  et  i  garcionis  pro  dictis  rotis  petendis  et  emen- 
dis,  iiii  d.  In  iiii  ulnis  emptis  de  canobo  pro  harnesio,  x  d.  In 
xxiiii  clutis  ad  carectas,  xii  d.  In  cc  de  Broddes,  iii  d.  Item  solu- 
tes carectario  eunti  ter  apud  Therfeld  post  bladum  et  meremium 
versus  Sanctum  Ivonem,  vi  d.  Item  in  harnesio  carectas  emen- 
dando,  ii  d.  In  emendatione  carectae  in  itinere  versus  Londonem, 
ii  d.  Item  solutos  carectario  in  itinere  versus  Londonem,  Bernake 
et  Therfeld  pro  diversis  faciendis  et  petendis,  per  xi  vices,  xxii  d. 
Item  carectario  versus  Therfeld  ter  post  meremium,  vi  d.  In  xxiiii 
clutis,  xii  d.  In  c  clavis  pro  eodem,  i  d.  qu.  In  i  corda  ad  carec- 
tam,  vii  d.  In  i  pari  tractuum,  yd.  In  i  kyppelyne,  i  d.  qu.  Item 
carectario  versus  Londonem  cum  domino  abbate,  ii  d.  In  duabus 
paribus  tractuum,  vi  d.  qu.     In  c  clavis  ad  carectam,  xx  d.     In  i 

ulna  de  canobo,  iii  d. 

c  .    .      , 

Ferrurge.     Idem  computat  in  v  clavis  equorum  emptis  ix  d.  qu. 

In  xxi  ferruris  equorum  emptis,  x  d.  qu.     In  mcc  et  dimidio  clavis 

equorum  emptis,  xxiii  d.  Summa  xxiiii  6\  ii  n." 

Emendationes  domorum.     Idem  computat  in  stipendio  i  hominis 

cooperientis  domum  bracini  et  cres- 

tantis  et  super  grangiam  per  iiii  dies  ad  mensam  domini,  iiii  d. 

Idem  computat  in  i  mola  empta,  xxv  s.  et  in  argento  dei,*  i  d.    Item 

»  See  Rogers,  Agriculture  and  Prices,  i.  422. 
'  The  sum  is  short  by  a  farthing. 

»  i.e.,  the  "lucky  penny"   paid  by  the  reeve  in  the  purchase.     See  Rogers, 
Agriculture  and  Prices,  i.  505. 

28 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

solutes  pro  dicta  mola  super  carectam  ponenda,  ii  d. ;  et  in  expensis 
prsepositi  ibidem,  ii  d.  In  c  de  magna  spyka  pro  mola  emendanda, 
iii  d.  Summa  xxvi  s. 

Minuta.  In  iii  coriis  tannandis,  xi  d.  In  purcellis  castrandis 
per  annum,  viii  d.  In  dimidia  lagena  uncti,  vi  d.  In 
filo  empto  pro  harnesio,  i  d.  In  i  Barelep,  ii  d.  In  i  lagena  buty- 
minum  empta  pro  bidentibus  unguendis,  iiii  d. ;  et  famulis  pro  for- 
drove  ad  Natalem,  ii  s.  In  corio  i  stotti  dealbando,  v  d.  In  ii  cor- 
dis et  i  capistra  faciendis  de  pylo  domini,  i  d.  In  iii  quartis  Buty- 
minum  pro  rotis  unguendis,  iii  d.  In  bordis  sicandis  per  duos 
homines  et  per  duos  dies,  iiii  d.  In  expensis  pro  bidentibus  ton- 
dendis,  in  cervisia,  viii  d.  oh.  In  xii  Ii.  de  bourle  pro  harnesio,  viii 
d.  In  i  lagena  Butyminum,  iiii  d.  Item  solutos  pro  Sythehale 
apud  Wileweyemad  vii  d.  et  apud  Thorenbriggemad  vii  d.  In  ex- 
pensis prsepositi  in  itinere  versus  Steres  Brigge  cum  i  equo  et  gar- 
cone  pro  ascere  emenda,  v  d.  In  i  ulna  de  canobo  ad  dayerum,  iii 
d.     In  coagulo,  i  d.  oh.     In  pergameno,  iii  d.     Summa  ix  s.  viiii  d. 

Expensse  seneschalli.     Idem  computat  in  expensis  pro  visu  ii  s. 
xi  d.  oh.,  ii  bu.  frumenti,  i  ring,  gruti,  ii  hu. 
avense,  ii  aucas,  iiii  anathes,  vi  gallinas,  per  i  talliam  ;  et  in  expen- 
sis pro  curia  autumpni,  ii  s.  vi  d..  i  hu.  frumenti,  iii  aucas,  iii  pul- 
cinos,  per  i  talliam.  Summa  v  s.  v  d.  oh. 

Expensse  domus.      Idem   computat  in  expensis  domus  a  festo 

sancti   Michaelis   usque  ad  eundera    festum 

preeter  quinque  septimanas  in  autumpno,  pro  serviente  cum  gar- 

cione  per  suos  eventus,  prseposito,  clerico  cum  garcione  per  suos 

eventus,  xxi  s.  vi  d. 

Expensse  domus  per  autumpnum.     Idem  computat  in  expensis 

domus  per  quinque  septi- 
manas in  autumpno  iii  s.  i  d.  oh.  qu.,  ii  pernas  et  dimidiam,  i  aucam, 
xxxviii  columbas,  iii  ring,  ii  hn.  frumenti,  vi  ring,  ii  hu.  gruti,  vii 
caseos,  per  i  talliam. 

Precariae  autumpni.  Idem  computat  in  expensis  pro  precariis 
autumpni  v  ring,  frumenti,  v  ring,  gruti,  x 
caseos,  xii  columbas,  iii  d.,  i  bovem,  i  multonem,  iiii  aucas  per  i 
talliam  contra  Robertum  de  Castre.  Idem  computat  in  expensis 
pro  le  Repegos  xx  d.,  iiii  aucas,  xii  columbas,  i  ring,  frumenti,  i 
ring,  gruti  contra  Robertum  de  Castre  per  i  talliam.  Idem  com- 
putat in  iii  hu.  salis  emptis  ix  d.  qu.     In  ii  ring,  salis  emptis,  ii  s. 

Summa  vii  s.  x  d. 
29 


APPENDIX, 
WySTOWE   anno   J.    XXII.* 

Stipendia  cum  eorum  oblatione  in  bussellis.     Idem  computat  in 

stipendio  Thomse 
de  Norgrove  x  s. ;  et  pro  oblatione  sua,  i  d.  oh.  ad  Natalem.  Item 
in  stipendio  Wodewardi  per  annum,  iiii  s.,  et  pro  oblatione  sua,  i  d. 
ad  Natalem,  et  clerico  computat  iiii  s.  pro  stipendio.  Item  in  sti- 
pendio i  carectarii,  iii  carucariorum,  i  vaccarii,  i  bercarii  et  unius 
dayse  per  annum,  xxi  s.,  qut)rum  quilibet  capit  iii  s. ;  et  porcario^ 
ii  s.  iii  d.;  et  in  oblationil)Us  eorundem,  viii  d.,  quorum  quilibet 
capit  i  d.  ad  terminum  usualem.  Summa  xlii  s.  i  d.  oh. 

XX 

Ventilatio.     Idem  computat  in  ccc  v  ii  ring,  ii  h\i.  frumenti,  ccxxi 

XX 

ring,  i  hu.  ordei,  cl  ring,  drageti,  v  xix  ring,  iii  hu. 

XX 

pisarum  et  c  iiii  xv  ring,  ii  hu.  avense  ventilandis  ad  tascham,  xii 
s.  ix  d.  oh. :  pretium  viii  ringarum,  i  d.        Summa  xii  s.  ix  d.  oh. 

Relaxationes.  Idem  computat  in  relaxatione  Roberto  Gylleville 
de  Wystowe  de  amerciamento  suo  in  ultimo  visu 
vi  d.  per  i  breve.  In  relaxatione  Godefrido  Fabro  de  amercia- 
mento suo  in  ultimo  visu,  xl  s.  per  testimonium  fratris  S.  de  Dene- 
ford  ;  et  in  relaxatione  Johanni  Gernoun,  vi  d.  de  amerciamento  suo 
in  ultimo  visu  per  i  breve;  et  in  relaxatione  Johannse  filiae  Albini 
de  Wystowe  de  amerciamento  suo  in  ultimo  visu,  vi  d.  per  i  breve. 

Summa  xii  s.  vi  d. 

Summa  totius  liberationis  et  expensie  xxxviii  U.  xviii  d.  Et  sic 
debet  prsepositus  domino  vi  Ii.  xiiii  s.  iiii  d.  oh.  qu. ;  et  nichil  debet 
aliis;  et  versus  illud  debitum  debentur  ei  de  operibus  venditis  in 
autumpno  Ivii  s.  ix  d. ;  et  de  feno  vendito  ad  primam  vesturam  xx 
s.,  et  de  feno  vendito  de  relucro  xviii  s. ;  et  alii  diversi  debent  xviii 
,s.  xi  d.  Summa  cxiiii  s.  viii  d.  Et  sic  prsedictus  propositus  xix  s. 
viii  d.  oh.  qu.  Et  praeceptum  est  Thomae  de  Norgrove  levare  prse- 
dictam  arreragiam  sine  dilatione. 

Frumentum.  De  remanente  iii  ring,  ii  hu. ;  et  de  xxxv  ring,  i  bu. 
del  midsti ;  et  de  cix  ring,  de  prima  meya  plena 
per  opera  ex  parte  australe  grangife  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove 
per  i  talliam ;  et  de  cl  ring,  de  meya  cum  cumulatione  plena 
per  opera  ex  parte  australe  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i 
talliam ;  et  de  xxviii  ring,  i  hu.  per  opera  de  novo  grano  contra 
Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i  talliam.  Summa  cccvi  ring. 

^  In  dorso. 

30 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 
Inde  in  semine  Ixiiii  ring,  iii  bu.  per  i  talliam  contra  Thomam  de 

XX 

Norgrove.  In  missione  apud  Rameseiam  c  iiii  vii  ring,  quae  fece- 
runt  xi  magna  quartaria  et  dimidium  ;  et  pro  multura  iii  ring,  ii 
bu. ;  et  residuum  ad  molendinum  ventriticum.  In  mixtura  pro 
wok',  xviii  ring.  In  mixtura  ad  liberationes  famulorum,  xlii  r'ing. 
In  venditione  ventricibus,  i  ring,  i  bu.  In  expensis  pro  visu,  ii  bu. 
et  pro  curia  autumpni,  i  hti.  In  expensis  domorum  a  festo  sancti 
Michaelis  usque  ad  eundem  festum  exceptis  quinque  septimanis  in 
autumpno,  xiii  ring,  iii  bu.  In  expensis  domorum  per  autumpnum, 
iii  ring,  ii  bu.  frumenti.  In  expensis  pro  magna  precaria,  v  ring. 
In  expensis  pro  le  repegos,  i  ring.  Et  remanent  in  granario  v  ring. 
ii  bu. 

Ordeum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  viii  ring,  ii  bu.  i  jyeck.  de  re- 
manente ;  et  de  cxix  I'ing.  ii  bu.  de  prima  meya  cum 
uno  cantello  in  le  midsty  per  opera  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove 
per  i  talliam ;  et  de  ci  ring,  iii  bu.  per  opera  de  meya  cum  cumula- 
tione  plena  ex  parte  orientale  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i 
talliam.  Summa  ccxxix  ring,  iii  bu.  i  peck. 

Inde  in  semine  xxxix  ring,  per  i  talliam  contra  Thomam  de  Nor- 
grove. In  mixtura  pro  wok',  xviii  rmt/.  In  venditione  ventricibus, 
iii  6w.  In  gruto  infuso,  clxxiii  ring.,  et  in  mixtione  cum  drageto, 
xviii  ring.     Et  remanent  in  granario  i  ring,  i  peck. 

IV. 

WiSTOWE,    1311.^ 

Compotus  Stephani  Catelyne  prsepositi  de  Wystowe  a  festo  sancti 
Michaelis  anno  domini  J.  abbatis  xxvi  usque  ad  eundem  festum 
anno  revoluto. 

Arreragia.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xx  s.  de  arreragiis  ultimi 

compoti.  Summa  xx  s. 

Michaelis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  s.  vi  d.  de  redditu  as- 
sise. 
Martyn.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  v  d.  de  auxilio  vice- 
comitis,  et  desunt  v  d.  de  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  vii  d. 
ob.  qu.  de  Wardsilver,  et  deest  obolus  de  iiii  akermannis. 

Andreae.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  s.  i  d.  ob.  qu.  de  hewe- 
chyre,  et  desunt  xiiii  (d.)  de  prseposito,  bedello,  fabro 

1  Brit.  Mus.,  Add.  Ch.,  39890.  This  MS.  contains  only  part  of  the  account; 
the  other  part  is  in  the  Public  Record  Office,  Ministers'  Accounts,  885/32. 

81 


APPENDIX. 

et  de  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  terra  Walter!  de  Graf  ham ; 

et  de  xviii  s.  iiii  d.  de  molendino  ad  firmam. 

Summa  Iviii  s.  vi  d.  oh. 

Natalis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xii  s.  i  d.  de  maltsilver,  et 

desunt  xvii  d.  oh.  de  prgeposito,  bedello,  fabro  et  de  iiii 

akermannis  ;    et  de  xviii  s.  iiii  d.  de  molendino  ad  firmam. 

Annunciationis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  s.  i  d.  oh.  qu.  de 

hewechyre  cum  redditu,  et  desunt  xiiii  d.  prse- 

posito,  bedello,  fai)ro  et  de  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  xvi  d.  de  fyssilver ; 

et  de  ii  s.  viii  d.  oh.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis ;  et  de  ii  s.  iii  d.  de  a.r- 

gento  vinese;  et  de  xxxviii  s.  iiii  d.  de  v  virgatis  et  tribus  quartariis 

terrae  ad  censum,  quorum  quselibet  virgata  dimidiam  marcam ;  et 

de  xii  d.  de  dimidio  cotlando  ad  censum  ;  et  de  xviii  s.  iiii  d.  de 

molendino  ad  firmam;  et  de  iii  s.  ix  d.  qu.  de  redditu  Ranulphi  de 

Clerevaus  ad  eundem  terminum. 

Nativitatis  beati  Johannis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  ix  d. 

qu.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis ;  et  de  xviii 

s.  iiii  d.  de  molendino  ad  firmam. 

Summa  vii  Ii.  vi  s.  iiii  d.  oh.  qu. 

Terminum  sancti  Benedicti.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  s.  v 

d.  oh.  qu.  de  redditu  cum  hewechyre, 
et  desunt  xiiii  d.  de  prjeposito,  bedello,  fabro  et  de  iiii  akermannis; 
et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d.  de  Wethersilver ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  (/.  de  terra  Walteri 
de  Graf  ham  ad  eundem  terminum ;  et  de  ob.  qu.  de  redditu  Ranul- 
phi de  Clerevaus;  et  de  iiii  d.  de  hangerlondsilver  hoc  anno,  quia 
seminatur. 

Nativitatis  beatse  Marise.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxxviii  s. 

iiii  d.  de  v  virgatis  et  tribus  quartariis 
terrse  ad  censum.  et  de  xii  d.  de  dimidia  cotlanda  ad  censum. 

Summa  Ixxii  s.  oh. 
De  operibus  venditis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vii  5.  vii  d.  de 
clxii  operibus  venditis  in  yeme  :  pretium 

XX 

operis,  oh. ;  et  de  xlii  s.  v  d.  qu.  de  cc  iiii  xix  operibus  et  dimidio 
venditis  in  autumpno :  pretium  operis,  i  d.  oh. ;  et  de  iiii  s.  viii  d.  oh. 
de  Ixxv  operibus  venditis  in  sestate :  pretium  operis,  oh.  qu. 

Summa  liiii  s.  viii  d.  oh.  qu. 
Frumentum  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  vi  d.  de  iii 

ring,  i  bit,,  frumenti  venditis'  ventricibus. 

'   Vend'  vend'  occur  in  the  MS.  here,  and  again  in  the  account  of  stock.     Prob- 
ably the  second  vend'  is  a  repetition  of  the  first. 

32 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE, 

Ordeum  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotuni  de  xviii  d.  de  iii  hu. 

ordei  venditis  eisdem  ventricibus. 
Pisse   venditse.     Idem  reddit  compotum   de  xviii  d.  de  i  ring. 
pisarum  vendita  ventricibus,  et  de  viii  d.  de  ii 
hu.  venditis  eisdem.  Summa  x  s.  ii  d. 

Staurum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxv  s.  receptis  de  ii  bobus 
venditis ;  et  de  vi  s.  de  i  vacca  vendita  quia  debilis ; 
et  de  xi  s.  iii  d.  de  iiii  porcis  venditis ;  et  de  xli  .s.  vii  d.  de  xiiii  por- 
cis  venditis  :  pretium  porci,  iii  s.  j^raeter  v  d ;  et  de  1  s.  iii  d.  de  xix 
porcis  venditis :  pretium  porci,  ii  s.  viii  d,  prseter  w  d.\  et  de  xxvii 
s.  iiii  d.  de  xi  porcis  venditis:  pretium  porci,  ii  .?.  vii  d.  prseter  i  d. ; 
et  de  vii  s.  de  ii  porcis  venditis ;  et  de  Ixiiii  s.  de  xv  porcis  venditis : 
pretium  porci,  iiii  s.  iii  d.  et  ultra  iii  d. ;  et  de  vii  s.  xi  d.  de  i  bove 
de  morina  vendito;  et  de  viii  d.  de  i  vitulo  vendito. 

[Mortuum]  staurum  [venjditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iii 

s iii  s.  xi  d  de 

xvii  pellibus  lanutis de  i  lagena  b[utiri]  .  .  . 

Summa  xii  U.  viii  s.  xi  d. 
Minuta  vendita.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xvi  s.  de  tanno  ven- 
dito ;  et  de  Ivi  s.  viii  d.  de  i  pecia  prati  qure 
vocatur  Wyleweyemade  ;  et  de  iii  s.  vii  d.  oh.  de  Notesilver;  et  de 
stipulis  venditis,  X  s.  iii  d.)  et  de  xviii  rf.  pro  custodia  i  juvenc^ 
quae  venerit  {sic)  quasi  Weyfe  et  postea  calumpniata ;  et  de  xxiii  d. 

XX 

de  iiii  xiii  columbis  venditis :  pretium,  iii  pro  denario. 

Summa  iiii  U.  ix  s.  xi  d.  oh. 
Fines  et  Gersumse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xiii  s.  iiii  d.  de 
Ricardo  Burgeys  pro  ingressu  habendo  in  i 
quartario  terrse  quondam  Ricardi  Burgeys  ;  et  de  v  s.  de  Willelmo 
Rykeden   pro  i  cotlando  quondam   Rogeri  le  Lepe ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de 
Elena  le  Palmere  pro  licentia  maritandi;  et  de  iii  s.  de  Matilda 
Mauger  pro  eodem  (sic) ;  et  de  v  s.  viii  d.  receptis  de  fine  pro  diver- 
sis  hominibus  male  metentibus  bladum  domini  in  le  Brache. 
[Idem]  reddit  compotum  xxviii  s.  v  d.  de  visu  cum  capitagio. 

Summa  Ix  s.  v  d. 
Summa  totius  receptag  cum  arreragiis  xxxviii  Ii.  xiiii  d. 

WySTOWE'    anno    DOMINI   J.    ABBATIS    XXVI. 

[com]putat  liberatos  in  cameram  domini  abbatis 


In  dorso. 

33 


APPENDIX. 

de  visu  xxiiii  s.  per   i   talliam eandem    de   exitu 

manerii,  vi  li.  per  i  talliam. 

Celerarius.     Idem  computat  solutos  celerario  super  talliam  Ix  s. ; 

et  pro  quinque  pensis  et  dimidia  duri  casei,  xliiii  s. ; 

et  de  stauro,  ii  pensas ;  et  pro  vii  pensis  et  dimidia  baconum,  Ixxv 

s. ;  et  pro  frescynges,  Is.;  et  pro  agno,  iii  s.  vii  d.  oh. ;  et  pro  carne 

bovis,  xviii  d. ;  et  pro   multone,  vs.;  et  pro  butyro,  xii  s.  iii  d. ;  et 

XX 

pro  allece,  vs.;  et  pro  frisco  caseo,  ix  s. ;  et  de  stauro,  xi  aucse,  v 
iii  gallinse;  et  de  ovis,  Mdcc  ova  per  iiii  tallias. 

Subcelerarius.     Idem  computat  solutos  subcelerario  pro  operibus 

vinese  ii  s.  iii  d.  et  receptori  pro  melle  vi  s.     Item 

solutos  capellanis  domini  abbatis,  iii  s.     In  sartrino,  vii  d.  oh.     In 

pistrino  et  bracino,  vi  d.     Item  solutos  pro  roba  emenda  ad  feryam 

sancti  Ivonis,  vi  s.  viii  d. 

Staurum.     [Ide]m  computat  in  x pulcinis  emp- 

XX 

tis  pro  ....  abbatis iiii  ovis  emptis 

pro  ....  Sum  ma  xxii  li.  i  d.  qu. 

Carucse.  Idem  computat  in  stipendio  i  carpentarii  facientis  caru- 
cas  ad  tascham  ii  s.  v  d.  oh.  In  vi  clutis,  ix  d.  In  xviii 
peciis  ferri  emptis  apud  Rochewelle,  v  s.  iii  d.  Item  in  v  peciis 
ferri,  xiii  d.  Item  solutos  fabro  pro  ferramentis  carucarum  facien- 
dis  per  annum,  et  pro  ferruris  equorum,  ii  s.  Item  in  v  garbis 
asceris  emptis,  iii  s.  vi  d.  oh. ;  et  in  expensis  propositi  versus  Roche- 
welle et  redeundo,  ii  d.  oh. 

Carectse.     Idem  computat  in  i  carteband  cum  clave  viii  s.     In  i 

pari  rotarum  ad  ferramentas,  iii  s.     In  iii  paribus  ro- 

tarum,  vi  s.  oh.  qu.     In  iii  sellis  ad  carectam,  vii  d.  oh.     In  ii  cordis 

ad  carectam,  xvi  d.     In  ii  {)aribus  tractuum,  ix  d.     In  v  kyppelynes, 

iiii  d.     In  Ix  clutis,  ii  s.  iiii  (/.  oh.     In  xii  clutis,  vi  d.     In  albo  corio 

pro  harnesio,  xix  d.     In  harnesio  faciendo,  xi  d.     In  vi  Wyneges, 

c 
iii  d.     Item  in  v  de  broddes,  viii  d.     Item  carectario  ter  apud  Ber- 

nake,  et  bedello,  vi  d. 

Ferrurae.     Idem  computat  in  c  ferrurarum  equorum  emptis  iiii  s. 

ii  d.  In  xii  ferruris,  vi  d.     In  m.  m.  clavis    emptis. 

c  c 

....   In  V  clavis  equorum  emptis,  ix  d.     In  iiii,  viii  d.     Item  in 
c 

iiii  clavis,  viii  d.  Summa  li  s.  xi  d.  qu. 

Emendationes  domorum.     Idem  computat  in  ccc  de  epykis  vii 

d.  oh.  In  ii  hengellis  ad  bercarium, 
34 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

iiii  d.  In  o  rosci  pelati,  iii  s.  iiii  d.  Item  in  stipendiis  ii  hominum 
sicantium  meremium,  bordarii  et  alii,  per  xv  dies  et  dimidium  ad 
mensam  domini,  ii  s.  v  d.  Item  in  stipendio  Thomae  Haukyn  cum 
garcione  et  iiii  aliis  carpentariis  facientibus  granarium  et  partem  de 
bercario,  porcherium  et  domum  gallinarum  et  le  cartehous,  ad  men- 
sam domini,  xxii  s.  ii  d.  per  diversas  tallias  contra  eosdem.  Item 
ciiidam  cooperienti  dictas  domos  per  x  septimanas  ad  mensam 
domini,  v  s.,  capienti  per  septimanam  vi  d. 

Summa  xxxiii  s.  x  d.  oh. 

Minuta  empta.  Idem  computat  in  iii  Ii.  uncti  iiii  d.  oh.  In  xii 
ulnis  canobi  pro  sackis,  xix  d.  In  vi  ulnis  canobi 
pro  harnesio  et  pro  dayero,  xii  d.  oh.  Item  in  bydentibus  lavandis 
et  tondendis,  xii  d.  Item  in  coriis  boviculi  et  vituli  tannandis,  viii 
d.  In  porcellis  castrandis,  viii  d.  In  xxxiiii  H.  de  Bourle,  xvii  d. 
In  ii  coriis  vituloruni  tannandis,  ii  d.  In  i  sadal  ....id.  Item 
solutos  falcatoribus  prati  de  Thorenbriggemade,  vii  d.,  et  falcatori- 
bus  de  Wyleweyemade,  iii  d.  oh.  ex  consuetudine.  In  i  corda  et  iii 
capistris  faciendis  de  pylo  domini,  i  d.  oh.  In  lacte  empta  pro  agnis 
nutriendis,  v  s.  Summa  xiii  s. 

<  Wystowe,   AN]\0  J.   XX VI.^ 

Expenses  seneschalli.     Idem  computat  in  expensis  pro  visu  xiiii 
d.,  i  ring,  gruti,  ii  hu.  avense  per  i  talliam. 

Expensse  domorum.  Idem  computat  in  expensis  domorum  a 
festo  sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  eundem 
festum  anno  revoluto  prseter  v  septimanas  in  autumpno,  pro  servi- 
ente  cum  garcione  per  suos  eventus,  prseposito,  clerico,  cum  gar- 
cione  per  suos  eventus  et  pro  diversis  carpentariis  per  magnum 
tempus,  xxxiiii  s.  xi  d.,  xvii  riiig  frumenti,  xiii  ring,  gruti,  vi  porcos, 
bacones,  xii  caseos,  ii  lagenas  butyr,  xliii  columbas,  contra  Thomam 
de  Norgrove  per  talliam.  Idem  computat  in  iii  ring,  et  di.  sails 
emptis  ii  s.  viii  d.  oh. 

Expensae  domorum  per  autumpnum.  Idem  computat  in  expen- 
sis domorum  per  v  septi- 
manas in  autumpno,  videlicet  pro  Ricardo  de  Jakele,  praeposito, 
bedello,  Wodevvardo  per  ....  septimanas  et  daya,  vi  s.  viii  d.,  iii 
pernas,  vii  caseos,  i  lagenam  butyri,  iii  ring,  ii  bu.  frumenti,  vii  ring. 
ii  hu.  brasey  [contra]  Ricardum  de  Jakele  per  i  talliam.  Item  in 
expensis  pro  le  Repegos,  ii  s.  v  d.  oh. 

Summa  xlv  s.  v  d.  oh.     Item  ii  s.  v  d.  oh. 

'  Public  Kecord  Office,  Ministers'   Accounts,  885/32.     This  MS.  completes, 
witliout  a  break,  the  roll  for  the  year  1311. 

35 


APPENDIX. 

Stipendia.  Idem  computat  in  stipendio  Thomse  de  Norgrove  x 
s.,  et  penula  sua  xii  d.,  et  pro  oblatione  sua  i  d.  oh. 
Item  clerico  computat  iiii  s.  Item  Wodewardo,  iiii  s.,  et  pro  obla- 
tione sua,  i  d.  Item  in  stipendio  unius  carectarii,  iii  carucariorum, 
i  vaccarii,  i  bercarii,  i  dayse  per  annum,  xix  s.  vi  d.  quorum  quilibet 
capit  iii  s. ;  et  desunt  xviii  d.  de  ii  carucariis  pro  defectu  servitii  sui 
in  manerio.  Item  in  stipendio  unius  porcarii  per  annum,  ii  s.  iii 
d.  Item  in  stipendio  unius  hominis  custodientis  bestias  in  marisco, 
xviii  d.  per  totum  annum.  Item  cuidam  bercario  custodienti  by- 
dentes  in  marisco,  iiii  d.     Item  in  oblationibus,  viii  d. 

Summa  xliii  s.  v  d.  oh. 

Ventilatio.     Idem  computat  in  cccliiii  ring,  frumenti,  clxiii  rmg. 

XX 

iii  hu.  ordei,  cxxv  rimg.  iii  bu.  drageti,  iiii  xv  ring,  i 
hu.  pisarum,  ex  ring.  aven?e  trituratis  ad  tascbam,  ventilatis  ad 
tascham,  x  s.  i  rf. :  pretium  viii  ringarum,  i  d. 

Relaxationes.     Idem   computat  in  relaxatione  plegiorum   Sarre 
Godefrey  de  amerciamentis  vi  d.  per  i  breve. 

Summa  x  s.  vii  d. 
Summa  totius  liberationis  et  expensse  xxxii  Ii.  x  d.  oh.  Et  sic 
debet  prsepositus  domino  vi  Ii.  iii  d.  oh. ;  et  postea  solvit  super  com- 
potum  apud  Wystowe  xxxii  s. ;  et  apud  Wardeboys  xxiii  s.  Item 
apud  Broughtone  xxi  s.  Et  sic  debet  prsedictus  propositus  adhuc 
xliiii  s.  iii  d.  oh. 

Frumentum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  Ixxvi  ring,  frumenti  del 

midsti  per  opera  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per 

i  talliam ;  et  de  cxlviii  ring,  de  prima  meya  plena  per  opera  ex 

XX 

parte  australe  contra  Tliomam  de  Norgrove  per  i  talliam  ;  et  de  iiii 
x  ring,  de  meya  cum  cumulatione  plena  per  opera  contra  eundem 

XX 

per  i  talliam ;  et  de  iiii  ix  ring,  de  residue  ejusdem  meyjB  per  opera 
contra  eundem.  Summa  ccclxiii  ring. 

XX 

Inde  in  semine  iiii  iii  ring,  ii  hu.  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per 
i  talliam.  [In  missione]  apud  Rameseiam  ccix  ring,  quse  lecerunt 
xiii  magna  quartaria  et  dimidium  et  vi  ring.,  et  pro  multura,  vii  ring. 
ii  ha.,  et  residuum  ad  molendinum  ventriticum.  In  mixtura  pro 
wok',  ix  ring.  In  mixtura  ad  liberationes  famulorum,  xli  ring,  i  hu. 
et  di.  In  expensis  domoruni,  xvii  ring.  Item  in  expensis  per  au- 
tumpnum,  iii  ring,  ii  hu.  In  venditione  ventricibus,  iii  ring,  i  hu. 
Item  in  liberatione  Wodewardi  per  annum,  ix  ring,  i  hu.  et  di. ;  et 

36 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

desunt  iii  bu.  et  di.  quia  fuit  ad  mensam  per  i  mensem  in  autumpno, 
capiens  ringam  per  v  septimanas.     Et  sic  de  incremento  ii  hu. 

XX 

Ordeum  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  ii  ring,  i  hu. 
de   prima   meya   plena    per    opera    contra 

XX 

Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i  talliam  ;  et  de  v  i  ring,  ii  hu.  de  meya 
cum  cumulatione  plena  per  opera  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per 
i  talliam.  Summa  clxiii  ring,  iii  hu. 

Inde  in  semine  xlv  ring,  iii  hu.  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per 
i  talliam.  Item  in  mixtura  pro  wok',  ix  ring.  In  mixtura  ad  liber- 
ationes  famulorum,  iiii  ring.    In  venditione  ventricibus,  iii  hu.    Item 

XX 

in  gruto  infusendo,  v  xvi  ring.     In  mixtione  cum  drageto,  iii  ring. 

Et  remanent  in  granario  vii  ring,  iii  hu. ;  et  sic  de  incremento,  ii 
ring.,  ii  hii. 

Dragetum.  De  remanente  x  ring,  iii  hu.  Et  de  Ixx  ring,  de  me- 
dietate  primse  meyae  plenfe  ad  laquinos  per  opera 
contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i  talliam,  et  residuum  est  avena ; 
et  de  Ixxv  ring,  iii  hu.  de  meya  cum  cumulatione  per  opera  contra 
eundem  per  i  talliam,  et  residuum  est  avena;  et  de  iii  ring,  receptis 
superius  de  ordeo.  Summa  cxxxix  ring,  ii  hu. 

Inde  in  semine  liiii  ring,  ii  hu.  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i 

XX 

talliam.     In  braseo  infusendo  v  v  ring,  contra  dayam  per  i  talliam. 

In  gallinis  sustinendis,  ii  hu.  de  escaetis ;  et  sic  de  incremento 

Pisse.     De  remanentibus  xxixrin^.  pisarum.     Et  de  xi  ring,  iii  hiL. 
de  i  tasso  rotundo  per  opera  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove 

XX 

per  i  talliam  ;  et  de  iiii  iii  ring,  ii  hu.  de  i  tasso  per  opera  contra 
Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i  talliam.  Summa  ciiii  ring,  i  hu. 

Inde  in  semine  xxxiiii  ring,  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i 
talliam.  In  mixtura  pro  wok',  ix  ring.  In  mixtura  ad  liberationes 
famulorum,  xxxvii  ring,  i  hu.  et  di.  In  porcis  sustinendis,  xxi  ring. 
Item  in  porcis  pinguendis  xiii  ring,  i  hu.  contra  porcarium  per  i  tal- 
liam ;  et  solutse  celerario,  vi  ring.  In  prsebenda  equorum,  iii  ring. 
In  venditione,  i  ring,  ii  hu. ;  et  sic  de  incremento  iii  hu.  et  di. 

Avena.  De  remanente  xi  ring.  di.  hu.  Et  de  cxvi  ring,  de  re- 
siduo  primge  meyge  et  mey?e  cum  cumulatione  per  opera 
contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i  talliam ;  et  de  foddercoren,  xxix 
ring.  Summa  clvi  ring.  di.  hu. 

Inde  in  semine  Ixxviii  ring,  contra  Thomam  de  Norgrove  per  i 

1  i.e.  lagenasf 

37 


APPENDIX. 

talliam.  In  missione  apud  Rameseiam  xlv  ring,  quae  fecerunt  ix 
mittas  contra  Rogerum  clericum  per  i  talliam.  In  prtebenda 
equorura  xliiii  ring,  iii  bu.  contra -carectarium  per  i  talliam.  In 
farina  ad  potagium,  v  ring.  In  aucis  sustinendis  et  pinguendis,  i 
ring.     In  equo  servientis,  ii  ring,  i  bit.  et  di. ;  et  teque. 

Mixtura  pro  wok'.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ix  ring,  frumenti, 
ix  ring,  ordei  et  de  ix  ring,  pisarum. 

Summa  xxvii  ring. 
Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  xxvii  7'ing.  quse  fecerunt  i 
wok'  et  dimidium  contra  Rogerum  clericum  per  i  talliam  ;  et  seque. 
Mixtura  ad  liberationes  famulorum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de 

xli  ring,   i   bu.    et   di.  fru- 
menti, iiii  ring,  ordei  et  xxxvii  ring,  i  bu.  et  di.  pisarum. 

XX 

Summa  iiii  ii  ring,  iii  bu. 
Inde  in  liberatione  i  carectarii,  iii  carucariorum,  i  vaccarii,  i  ber- 
carii,  i  porcarii  et  i  dayse  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  eundem 
festum  anno  revoluto  per  Iii  septimanas,  Ixxvi  ring,  ii  bu.,  capta 
ringa  per  v  septimanas ;  et  desunt  v  ring,  ii  bu.  pro  defectu  famu- 
lorum per  vices  hoc  anno  quia  infirmi ;  et  deest  i  ring,  de  daya  quia 
fuit  ad  mensam  per  ....  septiman'  in  autumpno.  Item  in  liber- 
atione unius  custodientis  bestias  in  marisco  per  totum  annum,  iiii 
ring,  i  bu.,  capta  ringa  per  xii  septimanas.  Item  cuidam  bercario 
custodienti  bydentes  in  marisco  per  xx  septimanas,  ii  ring. ;  et  eeque. 

XX 

[Gru]tum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  v  xvi  ring,  gruti  receptis 
de  oi'deo  superius  infuso.  Summa  patet. 

XX 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  v  xiiii  7'ing.  iii  bu.  quffi  fece- 
runt XXV  mittas  contra  Rogerum  clericum  per  talliam. 

Item  in  expensis  pro  visu,  i  ring. ;  in  expensis  domorum  extra 
autumpnum,  xiii  ringse ;  et  sic  de  incremento  xii  ring. ;  et  nihilo- 
minus  remanent  in  granario  iii  ring,  i  bu. 

XX 

Braseum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  v  v  ring,  brasei  receptis  de 
drageto  superius  infuso.  Summa  patet. 

XX 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  v  v  ring,  quaj  fecenint  xxi 
mittas  contra  Rogerum  clericum  per  i  talliam. 

Item  in  expensis  per  autumpnum,  vii  ring,  ii  bu.;  et  sic  de  incre- 
mento vii  ring,  ii  bu. 

Equi  carectarum.     De  remanentibus  vii  equi  carectarum. 

Summa  patet. 
38 


COMPOTUS    B,OLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Inde  inferius  inter  stottos  i ;  et  remanent  vi  equi  carectarum. 
Stotti.     De  remanentibus  vi  stotti ;  et  de  i  recepto  superius  de 

carectariis.     Summa  vii.     Et  remanent  vii  stotti. 
Boves.     De  remanentibus  xxxi  boves  ;  et  de  iiii  receptis  inferius 

de  remanentibus  bovettorum.  Summa  xxxv. 

Inde  in  venditione  iii.     Et  remanent  xxxii  boves. 
Bovetti.     De  remanentibus  iiii  bovetti ;  et  de  iiii  receptis  inferius 

de  remanentibus  boviculorum.  Summa  viii. 

Inde  superius  inter  boves  iiii.     Et  remanent  iiii  bovetti. 
Boviculi.     De  remanentibus  iiii  boviculi ;  et  de  iii  receptis  in- 
ferius de  remanentibus  superannatorum. 

Summa  vii. 
Inde  superius  inter  bovettos  iiii.     Et  remanent  iii  boviculi. 
Superannati.     De  remanentibus  iii  superannati ;  et  de  iii  receptis 
inferius  de  remanentibus  vitulorum  mas. 

Summa  vi. 
Inde   superius   inter   boviculos   iii.      Et  remanent   iii   superan- 
nati. 

Vituli  mas.     De  remanentibus  iii  vituli  mas;  et  de  v  receptis  in- 
ferius de  exitu  hoc  anno.  Summa  viii. 
Inde    superius   inter   superannatos   iii.      Et   remanent   v   vituli 
mas. 

Taurus.     De  remanente  i  taurus.     Et  remanet  i  taurus. 

Vaccse.     De  remanentibus  xxiiii  vaccie ;  et  de  ii  receptis  inferius 

de  remanentibus  juvencarum.  Summa  xxvi. 

Inde  in  venditione  i.     Et  remanent  xxv  vaccae. 
Juvencse.     De  remanentibus  ii  juvencte;  et  de  i  recepta  de  rema- 
nentibus juvencularum.  Summa  iii. 
Inde  superius  inter  vaccas  ii.     Et  remanet  i  juvenca. 
Juvencula3.     De  remanente  i  juvencula ;  et  de  iii  receptis  inferius 

de  remanentibus  superannatarum.       Summa  iiii. 
Inde  superius  inter  juvencas  i.     Et  remanent  iii  juvenculse. 
Superannatse.     De  remanentibus  iii   superannatse ;  et  de  vii  re- 
ceptis inferius  de  remanentibus  vitularum  fe. 

Summa  x. 
Inde  superius  inter  juvenculas  iii.     Et  remanent  vii  superan- 
natse. 

Vitulse  fe.     De  remanentibus  vii  vitulie  fe ;  et  de  ix  receptis  in- 
ferius de  exitu  hoc  anno.  Summa  xvi. 
Inde  superius  inter  superannatas  vii.      Et  remanent  ix  vitulie  fe. 

39 


APPENDIX. 

V. 

WiSTOWE,   1316.» 

Compotus  Stephani  Catelyne  prsepositi  de  W^'stowe  a  festo  sancti 

Michaelis  anno  domini  J.  abbatis  xxxi  usque  ad  diem  Jovis  proxi- 

mum  ante  festum  sancti  Dionysii  anno  domini  ejusdem  supradicto. 

Arreragia.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xiiii  li.  xix  s.  vi  d.  qu.  de 

arreragiis  ultimi  compoti  sui. 

Summa  xiiii  li.  xix  s.  vi  d.  qu. 
Michaelis.     Nichil  recipit.     Ideo  Thomas  Laveroke  oneratur. 
Staurum  mortuum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  xxii 
caseis  venditis  praeposito  de  Upwode  ad  per- 
faciendam  (sic)  i  pensam  apud  Rameseiam.          Summa  ii  s.  vi  d. 
Bladum  venditum  super  compotum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de 

xliiii  s.  de  v  ring,  ii  bii.  fru- 

menti  venditis  super  compotum  ;  pretium  ringse  viii  s. ;  et  de  viii  s. 

de  ii  ring,  drageti  venditis  super  compotum ;  et  de  ix  s.  de  ii  ring,  i 

bu.  pisarum  venditis  super  compotum.  Summa  Ixi  s. 

Summa  totius  receptee  cum  arreragiis  xviii  li.  iii  s.  qu. 

Expensse.     Idem  computat  liberatos  Tliomse  Laveroke  successori 

suo  in  tallagio  celerarii  super  talliam  xx  s. 
Summa  totius  liberationis  et  expense  xx  s. ;  et  sic  debet  dictus 
Stephanus  preepositus  domino  xvii  li.  iii  s.  qu. ;  et  postea  solvit  apud 
Rameseiam  c  s. ;  et  sic  debet  adhuc  dictus  prsepositus  domino,  xii 
li.  iii  s.  qu. ;  et  postea  solvit  ibidem  Ix  s. ;  et  sic  debet  adhuc  ix  li. 
iii  s.  qu. ;  et  postea  solvit  ibidem  1  s.  per  quamdam  talliam  ;  et  sic 
debet  adhuc  Stephanus  domino  vi  li.  xiii  s.  qu. ;  et  postea  allocantur 
ei  apud  Wystowe  Ixxvi  s.  quos  solvit  in  cameram  domini  per  i  tal- 
liam;  et  sic  debet  adhuc  dictus  Stephanus  domino  Wiis.qu.)  et 
postea  solvit  ibidem  xx  s. ;  et  sic  debet  adhuc  xxxvii  ^s.  qu. ;  et  pos- 
tea solvit  ibidem  vi  s. ;  et  sic  debet  adhuc  xxxi  s.  qu. ;  et  postea, 
anno  iii',  solvit  xi  s.  per  talliam ;  et  anno  viii"  xv  s.  qu. ;  et  dominus 
pardonavit  eidem  vs.;  et  sic  quietus  est. 

Frumentura.     De  remanente  v  ring,  ii  bu.  frumenti ;  et  de  xxiii 
ring,  receptis  de  prima  meya  plena  per  opera  con- 
tra Johannem  servientem  per  i  talliam. 

Summa  xxviii  ring,  ii  bu. 


^  Brit.  Mus.,  Add.  Ch.,  39891.  In  this  year  Stephen  Catelyne  was  reeve  from 
Michaelmas  to  the  festival  of  lit.  Dionysius  ;  Thomas  Laveroke  was  reeve  from 
the  festival  of  St.  Dionysius  to  the  following  Michaelmas. 

40 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  xviii  ring,  quae  fecerunt  unum 
magnum  quartarium.  Item  liberate  successori  suo,  ii  ring.  Item 
in  semine,  iii  ring.  Item  in  venditione  super  compotum,  v  ring,  ii 
bn. ;  et  jeque. 

Ordeum.  De  remanente  i  bu.;  et  de  xxiiii  ring,  i  bu.  de  medie- 
tate  primae  meyae  per  opera  contra  Johannem  servi- 
entem  per  i  talliam.  Summa  xxiiii  ring,  ii  bu. 

Inde  in  gruto  infusendo,  xx  ring — .  Item  in  mixtione  cum  drageto, 
iiii  ring,  ii  bu. ;  et  seque. 

Dragetum.  De  remanente  xvii  ring,  ii  bu. ;  et  de  iiii  ring,  ii  bu. 
receptis  superius  de  ordeo.  Summa  xxii  ring. 

Inde  in  braseo  infusendo,  xx  ringee.  Item  in  venditione  super 
compotum,  ii  ring. ;  et  seque. 

Pisse.     De  remanentibus  ii  ring,  i  bu.  Summa  patet. 

Inde  in  venditione  super  compotum,  ii  ring,  i  bu. ;  et  seque. 

Avena.     De  remanente  vi  ring,  i  bu.  et  di.  Summa  patet. 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  v  ring,  quae  fecerunt  i  mittam. 
Item  liberata  Thomae  successori  suo,  i  ring,  ii  bu. ;  et  seque. 

Grutum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xx  ring,  gruti  receptis  supe- 
rius de  ordeo.  Summa  patet. 

Inde  liberatse  Thomse  prseposito,  xx  ring. ;  et  seque. 

Braseum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xx  ring,  brasei  receptis 
superius  de  drageto.  Summa  patet. 

Inde  liberatse  Thomaj  successori  suo,  xx  ring. ;  et  aeque. 

Et  memorandum  quod  Thomas  Laveroke  recipit  totum  staurum 
quod  remanet  ad  festum  sancti  Michaelis.  Ideo  de  toto  debet  re- 
spondere  in  proximo  compoto  suo. 

Wystowe."  Compotus  de  Wystowe  anno  domini  J.  abbatis  xxx, 
etiam  xxxi ;  scilicet  ....  Stephani  prsepositi. 

VI. 

WiSTOWE,    1316.2 

Compotus  Thomse  Laveroke  prsepositi  de  Wystowe  a  die  Jovis 
proximo  ante  festum  sancti  Dyonisii  usque  ad  festum  sancti 
Michaelis ;  scilicet  anno  domini  J.  abbatis  xxxi,  et  anno  domini  S. 
abbatis  primo.* 

1  Heading  on  the  back  of  the  roll.  ^  Brit.  Mus.,  Add.  Ch.,  39892. 

'  In  this  year  Simon  de  Eye,  ^' juris  eanonici  pi-qfessor,"  succeeded  John.  See 
E.  C,  iii.  186. 

41 


APPENDIX. 

Arreragia.     De  arreragiis  nichil  ad  prsesens. 

Michaelis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  s.  vi  d.  de  redditu  as- 

sisse.  Summa  iiii  s.  vi  d. 

Martyni.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  v  d.  de  auxilio  vice- 
comitis,  et  desunt  v  d.  de  iiii  akermannis  ;  et  de  vii  d. 
ob.  qu.  de  Wardsilver,  et  deest  oh.  de  iiii  akermannis. 

Summa  vii  s.  oh.  qu. 
Andrese.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  s.  id.  oh.  qu.  de  hewe- 
chj're,  et  desunt  xiiii  d.  de  prseposito,  bedello,  fabro  et 
de  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  terra  Walteri  de  Graf  ham. 

Summa  xxviii  s.  vii  d.  ob.  qu. 
Natalis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xii  s.  i  d.  de  maltsilver,  et 
desunt  xvii  d.  oh.  de  praeposito,  bedello,  fabro  et  de  iiii 
akermannis.  Summa  xii  s.  i  d. 

Annunciationis.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  s.  i  d.  oh.  qu. 
de  redditu  cum  hewechyre,  et  desunt  xiiii  d. 
de  prseposito,  bedello,  fabro  et  de  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  xvi  d.  de 
fissilver ;  et  de  ii  s.  viii  d.  oh.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis ;  et  de  ii  s.  iii  d. 
de  argento  vinese ;  et  de  xxxiii  s.  iiii  d.  de  v  virgatis  terrse  quorum 
(sic)  quilibet  dat  dimidiam  marcam ;  et  de  iii  s.  ix  d.  qu.  de  redditu 
Ranulphi  Clerevaus  ad  eundem  terminum;  et  de  iii  s.  de  i  cotlando 
et  dimidio  ad  censum.  Summa  Ixix  s.  vi  d.  qu. 

Nativitatis  sancti  Johannis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  s.  ix  d. 

qu.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis. 

Summa  vi  s.  ix  d.  qu. 
Benedicti.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiii  s.  v  d.  oh.  qu.  de  red- 
ditu cum  hewechyre,  et  desunt  xiiii  d.  de  prseposito, 
bedello,  fabro  et  de  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d.  de  Wether- 
silver;  et  de  V  s.  vi  d.  de  terra  Walteri  de  Graf  ham  ad  eundem  ter- 
minum ;  et  de  redditu  Ranulphi  de  Clerevaus  06.  qu. ;  et  de  hanger- 
londsilver  nichil  quia  non  seminatur  hoc  anno. 

Summa  xxxii  s.  iiii  d.  ob. 
Nativitatis  beatse  Marise.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xl  s.  de  vi 

virgatis  terrse  ad  censum ;  et  de  iii  s. 
de  i  cotlando  et  dimidio  ad  censum.  Summa  xiiii  s. 

De  operibus  venditis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vii  s.  de  cxlviii 
operibus  venditis  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis 

XX 

usque  Pentecostem :  pretium  operis  ob. ;  et  de  vi  s.  vi  d.  de  v  iiii 
operibus  venditis  a  dicto  festo  usque  Gulam  Augusti :  pretium 
operis  ob.  qu.  Summa  xiii  s.  vi  d. 

42 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Ordeum  venditum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xiii  d.  de  i  hu. 
ordei  vendito  ventricibus. 

Pisae  venditae.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iii  s.  de  ii  hu.  pisarum 
venditis  ventricibus  circa  Carniprivium  f  et  de 
iiii  IL  xvi  s.  de  xvi  ring,  pisarum  venditis  jam  post  Pascham  in  foro  : 
pretium  ringse  vi  s. ;  et  de  x  s.  de  ii  ring,  ii  hu.  venditis  per  dominum 
abbatem  pauperibus  villse  :  pretium  ringa?  iiii  s. ;  et  de  xxxii  s.  de 
iiii  ring,  venditis  in  foro  circa  festum  sancti  Benedicti :  pretium 
ringfe  viii  s. ;  et  de  xvii  s.  iiii  d.  de  ii  ring,  venditis  in  foro  post  fes- 
tum sancti  Benedicti :  pretium  ringse  viii  s.  viii  d. ;  et  de  xvii  s.  iiii 
d.  de  ii  ring,  venditis  in  foro ;  pretium  ringae  ut  supra. 

Summa  viii  Ii.  xvi  s.  ix  d. 

Staurum  venditum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xx  s.  de  i  equo 
carectse  et  i  stotto  venditis  quia  debiles  ;  et 
.de  xviii  s.  de  ii  vaccis  venditis  quia  steriles ;  et  de  xx  s.  de  i  bove 
vendito ;  et  de  iiii  Ii.  ii  s.  de  xv  porcis  venditis  celerario :  pretium 
porci  V  s.  vi  d. ;  et  de  cviii  s.  de  xviii  porcis  venditis  apud  Hunting- 
don: pretium  porci  vi  s. ;  et  de  vi  s.  viii  d.  de  ii  porcis  venditis;  et 
de  iiii  s.  de  i  porco  vendito.  Summa  xii  Ii.  xviii  s.  viii  d. 

Staurum  Mortuum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iii  s.  de  corio  i 
bovis  et  ii  coriis  vaccarum  occisarum  ad 
sepulturam  domini  abbatis ;  et  de  iiii  s.  vi  d.  de  coriis  ii  bovum  et 
coriis  duarum  vaccarum  occisarum  ad  stallationem  domini  S.  ab- 
batis ;  et  de  xiii  d.  de  corio  i  bovis  de  morina ;  et  de  v  s.  de  vi  pel- 
libus  lanutis  venditis  de  morina ;  et  de  ii  s.  viii  d.  de  iiii  lagenis 
butyri  venditis ;  et  de  i  d.  oh.  de  iii  pellibus  agnorum  venditis ;  et 
de  xvii  d.  oh.  de  vii  caseis  venditis ;  et  de  xx  d.  de  carne  i  vacc®  de 
morina  vendita ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d.  de  exitu  i  bovis,  i  bovetti,  i  vaccfe 
et  ii  juvencorum  occisorum  pro  sepultura  domini  J.  abbatis  et  pro 
stallatione  domini  S.  abbatis ;  et  de  iiii  d.  de  carne  i  bydentis  de 
morina  vendita ;  et  de  vi  d.  de  carne  i  vituli  de  morina. 

Summa  xxiii  s.  v  d.^ 

Minuta  vendita.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vii  s.  ii  d.  oh.  de  pan- 
nagio  porcorum  ;  et  de  iii  s.  de  tanno  vendito  ; 
et  de  xvi  d.  de  pomis  venditis ;  et  de  xxx  s.  ix  d.  de  subbosco  ven- 
dito; et  de  stipulis  viii  s.  i  d.  oh. ;  et  de  xii  d.  de  i  polic'  usitat'  de 
mola;  et  de  Notesilver  iii  s.  vii  d.  oh.  Summa  Iv  s.  oh. 


1  Carniprivium  may  be  either  the  first  days  of  Lent  or  Septuagesima  Sunday. 
*  The  sum  is  3  d.  short. 

43 


APPENDIX. 

Fenum  venditum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  ix  s.  vi  d.  de  iii  mul- 
lionibus  feni  venditis  Stephano  Cateljnie  in  le 
Benemade ;  et  de  v  s.  iiii  d.  de  i  mullione  vendita  Agnetse  de  Reves 
de  Upw[ode] ;  et  de  v  -s-.  iii  d.  de  ii  mullionibus  venditis  cuidam  de 
Upwode  apud  le  Wyleweye ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  i  mullione  vendita 
Thomse  Laveroke  ibidem ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  ii  mullionibus  venditis 
Thomse  Goulere  et  Roberto  Bronnote;  et  de  iii  s.  de  i  mullione  ven- 
dita Agnetffi  uxori  Johannis  de  Broutone ;  et  de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  i  mul- 
lione vendita  Adfe  Sutore ;  et  de  iiii  s.  receptis  de  relucro  feni  in  le 
Benemade.  Summa  xl  s.  vii  d. 

Wystowe,  anno  primo. 

WySTOWE    anno   DOMINI    J.    XXXI.' 

Fenum  venditum.  Et  de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  i  mullione  vendita  Roberto 
le  Rede  in  Wyleweyemad ;  et  de  iii  s.  de  i 
mullione  vendita  ibidem  Godefrido  Pulere;  et  de  v  s.  ii  d.  de  ii 
mullionibus  venditis  [Ricardjo  Bercario  ibidem ;  et  de  v  s.  ii  d.  de 
ii  mullionibus  venditis  Stephano  Austyn  in  eodem  prato ;  et  de  ii  s. 
iiii  d.  de  i  mullione  vendita  Sarre  Outy  in  eodem  prato  ;  et  de  ii  s. 
viii  d.  de  i  mullione  vendita  Ricardo  atte  Welle  in  eodem  prato;  et 
de  XX  d.  de  i  mullione  vendita  Roberto  de  Cotes  in  eodem  prato ; 
et  de  ii  s.  viii  d.  de  i  mullione  vendita  Roberto  Bronnote  in  eodem 
prato.  Summa  xxv  s.  ii  (/. 

Fines  et  Gersuma?.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xl  s.  de  Roberto 
le  Rede  pro  ingressu  habendo  in  dimidiam 
virgatam  terras  quondam  Thomae  Broun ;  et  de  xl  s.  de  Johanne 
filio  Johannis  Aspelon  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrse  quondam  Ranul- 
phi  Fabri ;  et  de  xl  s.  de  Johanne  Laveroke  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terra?  quondam  patris  sui ;  et  de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  Margeria  uxore  Thomse 
le  Palmere  pro  heryecta ;  et  de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  Emma  Laveroke  pro 
heryecta;  et  de  xv  d.  de  uxore  Ranulphi  Lauwe  pro  eodem;  et  de 
x  s.  de  Johanne  atte  Welle  pro  i  virgata  terrse  quondam  Rogeri 
Rychard ;  et  de  xxvi  s.  viii  d.  de  Thoma  Palmere  pro  dimidia  vir- 
gata terrse  quondam  Johannis  Laveroke;  et  deiis.de  Roberto  le 
heryngmongere  pro  uuo  cotlando  quondam  Johannis  le  heryngmon- 
gere ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  Stephano  filio  Augusti  pro  Amicia  filia  sua 
raaritanda;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  Mariota  atte  Welle  pro  eodem. 

Summa  viii  Ii.  xv  s.  xi  d. 

^  In  dorso. 

u 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

De  perquisitis  curiae.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  liiii  s.  de  visu  ; 
et  de  curia  autumpni  xii  s.  ix  d. 

Summa  Ixvi  s.  ix  d. 

Diversa  vendita  super  compotum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xx 

s.  X  d.  de  ii  coriis  bovum,  iiii 
bovettorum,  iii  superannatorum,  vii  vaccarum,  v  juvencorum,  ii 
juvenculorum  et  ii  vitulorum  fe  de  remanentibus  anni  prtecedentis  : 
pretium  cujuslibet,  x  d.,  scilicet  de  tempore  Stepliani  Catelyne. 

Summa  xx  s.  x  d. 

Summa  summarum  totius  receptee  Iiii  //.  vii  d. 

Expensse.  Idem  computat  liberatos  in  cameram  domini  abbatis 
de  auxilio  vicecomitis  ix  s. ;  et  de  terra  Graf  ham  v  s. 
vi  d.  per  i  talliam.  Item  liberatos  in  eandem  de  terra  Graf  ham  v 
s.  vi  d.  per  i  talliam  de  termino  sancti  Benedicti.  Item  liberatos  in 
eandem  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  de  eodem  termino  vi  s.  vi  d.  ob.  qu. 
per  i  talliam.  Item  liberatos  in  eandem  de  subbosco  vendito  xxx 
s.  ix  d.  per  i  talliam.  Item  liberatos  in  eandem  de  visu  liiii  s.  per  i 
talliam.  Item  liberatos  in  eandem  de  feno  vendito  xlv  6\  per  i  tal- 
liam. Item  liberatos  in  eandem  de  pisis  venditis  iiii  Ii.  x  s.  per  i 
talliam.  Item  liberatos  in  eandem  pro  procuratione  cardinalis  xi 
s.  X  d.  ob.  per  i  talliam.  Item  liberatos  in  eandem  de  decimis  xxiii 
s.  viii  d.  qu,  per  i  talliam.  Summa  xiiii  Ii.  xxii  d.  ob. 

Idem  computat  in  volatiliis  emptis  et  missis  apud  Rameseiam  ad 
coquinam  domini  abbatis  ad  sepulturam  domini  abbatis  iii  s.  ii  d. 
Item  in  xii  gallinis  emptis  et  missis  ibidem  tunc,  ii  s. ;  et  de  stauro, 
carcosium  i  bovis  et  ii  carcosia  vaccarum,  iiii  xjorcelli  et  xxxii 
columbae.  Item  in  vi  gallinis  silvestribus  emptis  et  missis  priori 
Rameseise  ad  Natalem,  xii  d.  Item  in  iiii  caponibus  et  xxxvi  gal- 
linis emptis  et  missis  apud  Rameseiam  pro  stallatione  domini  S. 
abbatis,  x  s.  ii  d. :  pretium  caponis,  iii  d.  ob. :  pretium  gallinse,  iii  d. 
Item  in  xii  anathibus  emptis  et  missis  ibidem'  pro  eodem,  iii  s. 
Item  in  xii  aucis  emptis  et  missis  ibidem  pro  eodem,  vi  s.  xi  d. : 
pretium  cujuslibet,  vii  d.,  prseter  i  d.  Item  in  xii  gallinis  silvestri- 
bus et  .  .  .  .>  volatiliis,  iii  s.  iiii  d.  Item  in  c  ovis,  x  d.  Item  in  i 
lagena  mellis,  ii  s.  ii  d.;  et  de  stauro,  carcosia  ii  bovura,  et  ii  car- 
cosia vaccarum,  vi  porci  et  vi  porcelli.  Item  in  xii  pulcinis  emptis 
et  missis  apud  Rameseiam  pro  cardinale,  xviii  d. 

Summa  xxxiiii  s.  i  d. 

'  The  omitted  word  is  possibly  cdandis. 

45 


APPENDIX. 


VII. 


WiSTOWE,  1318  (?).' 

Expensfe  domorum.  Idem  computat  in  expensis  domorum  per 
V  septimanas  in  autumpno,  videlicet  pro 
serviente,  prajposito,  repereve,  Wodewardo,  bedello,  coco  et  diversis 
supervenientibus,  v  6-.  i  d. ;  et  de  stauro,  vi  ring,  frumenti,  xii  ring. 
brasei,  iiii  pernse,  viii  casei,  v  a[uc8e]  et  xxxii  colurabse  per  i  tal- 
liam  contra  J.  de  Claxtone.  In  i  ring,  salis  in  Quadragesima,  xiiii 
d.     In  i  ring,  salis  circa  festum  Petri  et  Pauli,  xii  d. 

Precaria.  Idem  computat  in  una  precaria  in  autumpno,  in  pane 
vi  ring,  frumenti.  in  cervisia  braciata  vi  7'ing.,  i  carko- 
sium  i  .  .  .  .  mort'  de  morina,  i  multonem,  ii  aucas  et  ix  caseos 
per  i  talliam  contra  J.  de  Claxtone.  Summa  vii  s.  iii  d. 

Stipendia.  Idem  computat  in  stipendio  servientis  per  annum  iiii 
s.  Item  clerico  computat  iiii  s.  Item  wodewardo, 
iiii  s.  [et]  pro[roba]  sua,  vi  s.  viii  d.  In  stipendio  unius  carectarii, 
iii  carucariorum,  vaccarii,  bercarii  et  coci  per  annum,  xxi  s.,  vide- 
licet cuilibet  eorum  ad  festum  Purificationis  et  ad  festum  Ascen- 
sionis  iiii  d.,  et  ad  Gulam  Augusti  iiii  d.,  et  ad  festum  sancti 
Michaelis  ii  s.     Item  porcario  per  annum,  ii  s.  iii  d. 

Oblationes.     Idem  computat  in  oblatione  servientis  ad  Nathalem 

ii  d.    Item  wodewardi,  i  d.    Item  in  oblatione  unius 

carectarii,  iii  carucariorum,  vaccarii,  porcarii,  bercarii  et  coci  ad 

Nathalem,  iiii  d.,  cuilibet  ob.     Item   eisdem   ad   Pascham,  iiii  d., 

cuilibet  ob.  Summa  xlii  (s.)  ix  d. 

Ventilatio.     Idem  computat  in  ventilatione  ccxl  ring,  frumenti, 

XX 

cxiii  ring,  ii  bu.  ordei,  v  viiii  ring,  i  bu.  drageti,  clxi 
ring,  ii  bu.  avente  et  cxxi  ring,  i  bu.  pisarum,  viii  s.  ix  d.,  videlicet 
pro  viii  ring,  i  d.  Summa  viii  s.  ix  d. 

Relaxationes.     Idem  computat  in  relaxatione  Johanni  le  Barkare 

per  litteram  domini  abbatis  vi  d.     Item  Elene  le 

Tayllour  i)er  litteram  domini,  xii  d.     Item  Thomse  le  Akerman  per 

litteram  domini,  xx  d.     Item  Rogero  Molendinario  de  firma  molen- 

dini  per  litteram  domini  abbatis,  ii  s.  Summa  v  s.  ii  d. 

Summa  summarum  totius  liberationis  et  expensae  xxix  //.  x  s.  ob. ; 
et  sic  debet  prsepositus  domino  x  s.  iiii  d.  ob.     De  quibus  allocantur 

'  Brit.  Mus.,  Add.  Ch.,  39893.  From  the  occurrence  at  the  foot  of  the  mem- 
brane of  the  words  "  Wistouv,  anno  iii,"  this  fraguuMit  may  perliaps  be  dated  1318- 
1319,  the  third  year  of  abbot  Simon. 

46 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OP    WISTOWE. 


ei  de  redditu  terrse  quondam  Rogeri  Noreye  de  anno  prsesente  vi  s. 
quia  in  munu  domini  ad  firmam  ;  et  sic  debet  adhuc  dictus  prae- 
positus  de  clar'  iiii  s.  iiii  d.  oh. 

Memorandum  quod  Stephanus  Catelyne  nuper  praspositus,  tene- 
batur  domino  de  arreragiis  suis  xxxi  .s.  qu.  sicut  patet  rotulo  prse- 
cedentis  compoti.  De  quibus  postea  solvit  in  cameram  xi  s.  per  i 
talliam ;  et  sic  debet  adhuc  xx  s.  qu. ;  et  anno  praedicti  abbatis  viii", ' 
solvit  in  cameram  x  s.  per  talliam,  et  v  s.  qu.  sine  tallia ;  et  dominus 
pardonavit  eidem  vs.;  et  quietus  est. 

Frumentum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxxiii  ring,  ii  bu.  et  di. 
frumenti  de  remanente ;  et  de  cxvii  ring,  i  hu.  fru- 
menti  de  prima  meya  plena  contra  J.  de  Claxtone  per  i  talliam  ;  et 
de  cxxii  ring,  iii  hu.  de  meya  cum  cumulo  plena  contra  J.  de  Clax- 
tone per  i  talliam.  Summa  cclxxii  ring,  ii  hu.  et  di. 

Inde  in  semine  per  i  talliam  contra  J  de  Claxtone,  iiii  ii  ring.  In 
mixtura  1.  .  .  ,  ring,  iii  hu.  In  expensis  seneschalli,  v  hu.  In  pane 
pro  autumpno,  vi  ring.  In  pane  i  precarife,  vi  ring.  In  missione 
apud  Rameseiam  cvi  ring,  quae  fecerunt  vii  magna  quartaria  per  i 
talliam  contra  R.  Underwode.  Item  Petro  .  .  .  .  de  Rameseia  i 
ring,  per  litterara  domini.  In  wouk',  xv  ring.  In  semine  super  ter- 
ram  coci,  vi  ring,  i  hu.     In  multura  apud  Houghtone,  iiii  ring.    In 

venditione,  iii  ring.     Et  remanent  in  granario  xi  ring,  i  hu 

et  nihilominus  remanent  in  garbis  per  sestimationem  xxx  ring. 

Ordeum.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxvii  ring,  ii  hu.  ordei  de 
remanente,  et  de  cxiii  ring,  ii  hu.  ordei  de  meya  cum 
cumulo  [contra]  J.de  Claxtone  per  i  talliam.       Summa  cxli  ring. 

Inde  in  semine  xxxi  ring,  i  hu.  per  i  talliam  contra  J.  de  Clax- 

tone.  In  gruto  infuso,  iiii  v  ring.  In  mixtura  inferius  cum  drageto, 
xliii  ring.  In  semine  super  terram  coci,  i  ring,  ii  hu. ;  et  sic  rema- 
net  in  granario  i  hu. 

Dragetum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  [xjiii  ring,  iii  hu.  drageti 


XX 


de  remanente ;  et  de  v  iiii  ring,  i  hu.  drageti  de  meya 
cum  cumulo  semiplena ;  et  de  xliii  ring,  de  ordeo  superius  .... 
et  de  viii  ring,  de  .  .  .  inferius.  Summa  cxlix  ring. 

Inde  in  semine  xxxi  ring,  ii  hu.  jjer  i  talliam  contra  J.  de  Clax- 
tone. In  braseo  infusendo  cxvii  ring. ;  et  remanent  in  granario 
ii  hu. 

Avena.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxiiii  ring.  avenjB  receptis  de 
i  cantello  per  i  talliam  contra  J.  de  Claxtone ;  et  de 
47 

9 


APPENDIX. 


cxxxvii  ring,  avenge  de  meya  cum  cumulo  semiplena  contra  J.  de 
Claxtone ;  et  de  xxix  ring,  de  fodderkorn  ;  et  desunt  i  ring,  ii  bu. 

bordario  et  fabro.  Summa  c  iiii  x  ring,  ii  bu. 

XX  1      T>  -U 

Inde  in  semine,  v  ix  ring,  i  bu.  In  missione  apud  Brougntone 
domino,  i  ring,  ii  ha.  In  missione  apud  Rameseiam  x  .  .  .  quse 
fecerunt  iii  mittas  et  iii  rmg.  per  i  talliam  contra  R.  Underwode. 
In  farina  pro  legumene,  vii  ring.  In  seneschallo  super  dicta  .... 
coci,  xvi  ring,  i  bu.  In  prtebenda  vi  equorum  carectarum,  xl  ring. 
iii  bu.  In  aucis,  gallinis,  [annatibus],  sustinendis  v  .  .  .  .  In  prse- 
benda  iii  equorum  seneschalli  per  i  noctem  in  Quadragesima,  i  bu. 
et  di.  In  mixtura  cum  drageto  superius,  viii  ring.  In  prsebenda 
equorum  .  .  .  .  i  ring,  i  bu.  et  di.  In  missione  apud  Rameseiam 
per  litteram  abbatis,  i  ring. ;  et  remanent  in  granario  ii  ring,  iii  bu. 

Pisffi  et  fabse.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  viii  ring,  iii  bu.  pisarum 
de  remanentibus;  et  de  xix  ring,  i  bu.  pisarum  de 
i  cantello'  veterum  pisarum  ;  et  de  Ixvii  ring,  i  bu.  pisarum  de  maiore 
tasso  pisarum  per  talliam  contra  J.  de  Claxtone  ;  et  de  liiii  ring,  iii 
biL  pisarum  et  fabarum  de  minore  tasso  per  talliam  contra  J.  de 
Claxtone.  Summa  cxxx  ring. 

Inde  in  semine  xxxvii  ring,  i  bu.  per  talliam  contra  J.  de  Clax- 
tone ;  et  in  semine  super  terram  coci,  ix  ring,  ii  bu.  Item  celerario, 
vi  ring.  In  mixtura,  xxxix  ring,  ii  bu.  In  wouk',  xxx  ring.  In 
porcis,  purcellis  pinguendis  et  sustinendis  per  annum,  xxiiii  ring,  ii 
bu.  In  prffibenda  equorum  carectarum,  ii  ring,  ii  bu.  In  venditione, 
iii  ring. ;  et  sic  de  incremento  ii  ring,  i  bu.  pisarum. 

Mixtura.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  1  rmp'.  iii  6((.  frumenti;  et 
de  xxxix  ring,  pisarum  ii  bu. 

XX 

Summa  iiii  x  ring,  i  bu. 

Inde  in  liberatione  servientis  per  annum,  exceptis  v  septimanis 
dum  fuit  ad  mensara  in  autumpno,  xi  ring,  iii  bu.  frumenti,  ca])ientis 
per  septimanam  i  bu.  Item  wodewardo  per  illud  tempus,  ix  ring,  i 
bu.  et  di.,  capienti  per  v  septimanas  i  ring.  Item  in  liberatione  i 
carectarii,  iii  carucariorum,  vaccarii,  porcarii,  bercarii  et  coci  per 
annum,  excepto  coco  per  quinque  septimanas  in  autumpno,  Ixviii 
ring,  i  bu.  et  di  Item  cuidam  custodienti  bestias  in  marisco,  iii  bu. ; 
et  ffique. 

Wouk'.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xv  ring,  frumenti  et  xxxring. 

Summa  xlv  ring. 

»  Cf.  Rot.  Hund.,  i.  175. 
48 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE, 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  xlv  ring,  quse  fecerunt  ii  wouk' 
et  dimidium  per  talliam  contra  R.  Underwood ;  et  seque. 

WiSTOWE   ANNO    III.^ 

Grutum/     Idem  reddit  compotum   de  iiii  v  ring,  gruti  de  ordeo 

XX 

superius  infuse.  Summa  iiii  v  ring. 

XX 

Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  iiii  vi  ring,  quae  fecerunt  xix 
mittas  ii  bu.  per  talliam  contra  R.  Underwood  ;  et  sic  de  incremento 
ii  bu. 

Braseum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  bu.  brasei  de  remanente  ; 
et  de  cxvii  ring,  brasei  de  drageto  superius  infuso. 

Summa  cxvii  ring,  ii  bu. 
Inde  in  cervisia  braciata  in  autumpno,  xviii  ring.     In  missione 
apud  Rameseiam  c  ring,  quae  fecerunt  xxiiii  mittas  per  talliam  con- 
tra R.  Underwode ;  et  sic  de  incremento  ii  bu. 

Equi  carectarum.     Idem   reddit  compotum   de  vii  equis  carec- 

tarum   de  remanentibus,  et  de  i  recepto  de 

emptione.     Summa  vii.     Inde    in  missione  apud  Scottiam   i.      Et 

[remanent  vi  equi]  carectarum. 

Stotti.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  stottis  de  remanentibus,  et 

de  ii  de  emptione.    Summa  viii.    Et  [remanent  viii  stotti] 

quorum  i  femina. 

Boves.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xvii  bobus  de  remanentibus, 
et  de  i  de  bovettis  inferius,  et  de  i  de  emptione.  [Summa] 
xix.     Inde  in  venditione  i.     In   morina  xiiii.     Et  remanent  [iiii 
boves]. 

Bovetti.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  ii  bovettis  de  remanentibus. 

Summa  ii.     Inde  superius  inter 

Taurus.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  tauro  de  remanente.  Summa 

i.     Inde  in  morina  i.     Et  nichil  remanet. 
Vaccae,     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xiii  vaccis  de  remanentibus. 
Summa  xiii.     Inde  in  morina  [i]x.     Et  sic  remanent  iiii 
vaccae. 

Juvenci.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  juvenco  super  compotum, 
et  de  iii  receptis  de  juvenculis  inferius.     Summa  iiii. 
Inde  in  rnorina  i.     Et  remanet  iii  juvenci. 


'  See  lirst  note  of  this  roll.  »  In  dorso. 

4  49 


APPENDIX. 

Juvenculi.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iii  juvenculis  de  remanen- 

tibus.    Summa  iii.    Inde  superius  inter  juvencos  iii. 

Siiperannati.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vi  superannatis  de  re- 

manentibus.     Summa  vi.     Inde  in  morina  vi.    Et 

nichil  remanet. 

Vituli  femini.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  v  vitulis  feminis  de  re- 
manentibus  ;  et  de  i  de  exitu.     Summa  vi.    Inde 
in  morina  v  .  .  .  . 

Exitus.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  x  vitulis  de  exitu.     Summa 
X.    Inde  superius  inter  vitulos  ferainos  i.    In  morina  ix. 
Et  nichil  remanet. 

Multones.     Idem  reddit  com})otum  de  xlviii  multonibus  de  re- 
manentibus,  et  de  xxv  receptis  de  agnis  mas  inferius. 
Summa  Ixxiii.     Inde  in  morina  ante  tonsioriem  i,  et  post  tonsionem 
iii.     Et  remanent  Ixix  multones. 

Agni  mas.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxv  agnis  mas  de  rema- 

nentibus,  et  de  xxx  de  exitu  inferius.     Summa  Iv. 

Inde  superius  inter  multones  xxv.     Et  remanent  xxx  agni  mas. 

Matrices.     Idem  reddit  compotum   de  Ivii  matricibus  de  rema- 

nentibus,  et  de  xvi  receptis  de  agnis  feminis  inferius. 

Summa  Ixxiii.     Inde  in  morina  ante  tonsionem  ii,  et  post  tonsionem 

i.     Et  remanent  Ixx. 

Agni  femini.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xvi  agnis  feminis  de  re- 

manentibus,  et  de  xxiii  de  exitu.     Summa  xxxix. 

Inde  su])erius  inter  matrices  xvi.     Et  remanent  xxiii  agni  femini. 

Exitus.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  lix  agnis  de  exitu  anni  prse- 

sentis.     Sumnia  lix.     Inde   superius   inter  agnos  mas 

xxx,   et   inter   agnos   feminos    xxiii.      In    morina  vi.      Et    nichil 

remanet. 

Pelles.    Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iii  pellibus  lanutis  de  morina 
ante  tonsionem  ;    et  de  iiii   piletteriis    post   tonsionem. 
Summa  vii.     Inde  in  venditione  vii.     Et  nichil  remanet. 

Apri.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  apro  de  remanente.     Summa 

i.     Et  remanet  i  aper. 
Porci.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxxiiii  porcis  de  remaneutibus, 
et  de  xxvii  de  purcellis  inferius.     Summa  Ixi.     Inde  in 
missione  domino  apud  Kameseiam  iiii.    Item  in  venditione  xv.    In 
lardario  ii.     Et  remanent  xl  porci. 

Purcelli.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxxi  purcellis  de  remanen- 
tibus,  et  de  ix  de  emptione,  et  de  xxxiiii  de  exitu  in- 
50 


COMPOTUS    KOLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

ferius.      Summa  Ixxiiii.     Inde   superius   inter  porcos  xxvii.      In 
morina  iiii.     Et  remanent  xliii. 
Sues.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iii  suibus  de  remanentibus  et 
de  i  de  emptione.     Summa  iiii.    Inde  in  venditione  i.    Et 
remanent  iii  sues. 

Exitus.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xlviii  purcellis  de  exitu  anni 
prsesentis.    Summa  xlviii.    Inde  missi  apud  Rameseiam 
domino  iiii.    Item  eidem  apud  Broughtone  ii,  et  eidem  apud  Hough- 
tone  ii.     Superius  inter  purcellos  xxxiiii.     In  morina  vi.    Etnichil 
remanet. 

Lardarium.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  pernis  receptia  de  ii 
porcis  mactatis  ad  lardarium.     Summa  iiii.     Inde 
in  expensis  domus  in  autumpno  iiii.     Et  nichil  remanet. 

Vellera.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  i  vellere  de  remanente,  et 
de  cxxiii  velleribus  de  tonsione  anni  prsesentis.   Summa 
cxxiiii.     Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  cxxiiii  per  i  talliam. 
Et  nichil  remanet. 

Coria.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  coriis  ii  vaccarum,  v  vitu- 
lorum,  de  remanentibus ;  et  de  coriis  xiiii  boum,  i  bovetti, 
i  tauri,  ix  vaccarum,  i  juvenci,  vi  superannatarum  feminarum  et  v 
yitulorum  feminorum.  De  morina  .  .  .  .  de  exitu.  Summa  Iiii 
coria.  Inde  in  venditione,  xlvi.  In  expensis  harnesii,  ii ;  et  re- 
manent coria  [iii]  boum,  i  vaccae  et  i  superannatte  feminse  quorum 
iii  coria  boum  tannantur  et  corea  i  vaccae  et  i  superannatse  deal- 
bantur. 

Aucae.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xii  aucis  de  remanentibus,  et 
de  XXXV  de  exitu,  et  de  xxiiii  de  emptione.  Summa  Ixxi. 
Inde  missae  domino  apud  Rameseiam,  xvii.  Item  domino  apud 
Broughton,  ii.  Item  eidem  apud  Houghton,  ii.  In  expensis 
domorum  in  autumpno,  vii.  Item  celerario,  x.  In  pistrino  et  bra- 
cino,  iii.     In  morina,  xi.     Et  remanent  xix  aucse. 

Capones  et  gallinae.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xxxi  caponibus 
et  gallinis  de  remanentibus ;  et  de  vi  caponi- 
bus de  perquisitis  visus ;  et  de  Ixxiii  gallinis  de  redditu  custuma- 
riorum  ;  et  de  xlix  de  exitu  ;  et  de  xxix  de  emptione. 

Summa  clxviii. 
Inde  in  expensis  seneschalli,   xii.      In  missione  domino  apud 
Rameseiam,  vi  capones  et  xii  pulcini.     In  expensis  fratris  Stephani 
in  autumpno  ....     In  morina  per  foulm'de,  xxix  pulcini.     Item 
celerario  iiii.     Et  remanent  xxiii  capones  et  gallinae. 

51 


APPENDIX. 

Anathep.  Idem  reddit  compotum  de  xix  anathibus  de  rema- 
nentibus,  et  de  xviii  de  exitu.  Summa  xxxvii.  Inde 
in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  viii.  In  niorina  iiii.  Et  remanent 
XXV  anathes. 

Ova.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  cccxl  ovis  de  exitu  gallinarum  ; 

et  de  M  iiii  ovis  de  redditu  custumariorum ;  et  de  vii  de 
....  Summa  mmcc  ova.  Inde  missa  Col  ....  Mdccxx.  In 
expensis  domorum  in  autumpno,  d.     Et  nichil  remanet. 

XX 

Casei.  Idem  reddit  compotuni  de  iiii  vii  caseis  de  remanentibus  ; 
et  de  iiii  de  relucro  post  festum  sancti  Michaelis ;  et  de 
.  .  .  .  vi  caseis  ....  a  festo  Apostolorum  Johannis  et  Jacobi  per 
cxii  dies  sequentes.  videlicet  quolibet  altero  die  i.  Summa  cxxxvii. 
Inde  in  missione  apud  Rameseiam  celerario  Ixiii  qua?  fecerunt  i 
pensam  per  talliam.  Item  fratri  Stephano,  ii.  In  expensis  [domus], 
xvii.     Et  remanent  Ixxv. 

Buiirum.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  v  lagenis  butiri  de  exitu 

dayeri.      Summa  v  lagense  butiri.     Inde 

iii  lagense  et  dimidia.     Et  remanet  i  lagena  et  dimidia. 

XX 

Columbse.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  vii  columbis  [receptis  de 

XX 

exitu]   columbarii.     Summa  vii  xvii.     Inde  in  mis- 

sione  domino,  vi  xi.     In  autumpno,  xxxii.     Item Et 

nichil  remanet. 

VIII. 

WiSTOWE,  1824.* 
Compotus  Johannis  de  \Vardebo3^s  prtepositi  de  Wystowe  de  om- 
nibus receptis  et  expensis  suis  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis  anno  domini 
S.  abbatis  viii  usque  ad  idem  festum  anno  revoluto. 

Arreragia.     Idem  respondet  de  xxii  s.  vii  d.  de  arreragiis  compoti 

sui  anni  prsecedentis.  Summa  xxii  s.  vii  d. 

Ad  festum  sancti  Michaelis.     Idem  reddit  compotum  de  iiii  s.  vi 

d.  de  redditu  assisEe  ad  festum  sancti 
Michaelis.  Summa  iiii  s.  vi  d. 

Ad  festum  sancti  Martini.     Idem  respondet  de  vi  s.  vi  d.  ab.  qu. 

de  auxilio  vicecomitis,  et  desunt  v  d. 
de  iiii  akermannis  ;  et  de  vii  d.  oh.  qu.  de  Wardsilver,  et  deest  obolus 
de  iiii  akermannis.  Summa  vii  s.  ii  d.  ob. 


Brit.  Mu8.,  Add.  Ch.,  39894. 
52 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF   WISTOWE. 

Ad  festum  sancti  Andrese.     Idem  respondet  de  xxiii  s.  iii  d.  oh.  qu. 

de  heweschyre,  et  desunt  xii  d.  de 
prseposito,  bedello  et  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  terra  Wal- 
ter! de  Graf  ham  ;  et  de  xx  s.  de  firma  molendini. 

Sum  ma  xlviii  s.  ix  d.  oh.  qu,. 
Ad  Natalem  Domini.     Idem  respondet  de  xii  s.  iii  d.  oh.  de  malt- 
silver,  et  desunt  xv  d.  de  prseposito,  bedello 
et  iiii  akermannis.  Summa  xii  s.  iii  d.  oh. 

Ad  festum  Annunciationis.     Idem  respondet  de  xxiii  s.  iii  d.  oh. 

qu.  de  heweschyre,  et  desunt  xii  d. 
de  prseposito,  bedello  et  iiii  akermannis ;  et  de  xvi  d.  de  fyshsilver ; 
et  de  ii  s.  viii  d.  oh.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis ;  et  de  ii  s.  iii  d.  de  ar- 
gento  vinese ;  et  de  xxxv  s.  de  v  virgatis  et  i  quartario  terrae  ad  cen- 
sum  quorum  {sic)  quilibet  dat  dimidiam  marcam  ;  et  de  xiii  s.  de 
vi  cotlandis  et  dimidio  ad  censum  quilibet  dat  ii  s. ;  et  de  iii  s.  ix  d. 
qu.  de  redditu  Ranulphi  Clerevaus ;  et  de  xx  s.  de  firma  molendini. 

Summa  ci  s.  iiii  d.  oh. 
Ad  festum  Nativitatis  sancti  Johannis.     Idem  respondet  de  vi  s. 

ix  d.  qu.  de  auxilio  vice- 
comitis, scilicet  de  qualibet  virg^ata  ii  d.  oh.      Summa  vi  s.  ix  d.  qu. 
Ad  festum  sancti  Benedict!.     Idem  respondet  de  xxiii  (s.)  vii  d. 

oh.  qu.  de  heweschire  ad  festum 
sancti  Benedict!,  et  desunt  xii  d.  de  prseposito,  bedello  et  iiii  aker- 
mannis ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d.  qu.  de  wethersilver ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de 
terra  Walter!  de  Graf  ham  ;  et  de  oh.  qu.  de  redditu  Ranulphi  Cler- 
vaus ;  et  de  iiii  d.  de  hangerlondsilver  quia  hoc  anno  seminatur ; 
et  de  XX  s.  de  firma  molendini.  Summa  Hi  s.  xi  d. 

Ad  festum  Nativitatis  beatse  Marise.     Idem  respondet  xxxv  s.  de 

V  virgatis  i  quartario  terrae 
ad  censum  ut  supra ;  et  de  xiii  s.  de  vi  cotlandis  et  dimidio  ad  cen- 
sum ;  et  de  xx  s.  de  firma  molendini.  Summa  Ixviii  s. 

XX 

Opera  vendita.     Idem  respondet  de  xiii  s.  viii  d.  oh.  de  cc  iiii  ix 

operibus  iemalibus  venditis  :  pretium  operis,  oh. ; 

et  de  vii  s.  vii  d.  oh.  de  Ixi  opere  (sic)  autumpni  vendito :  pretium 

operis,  i  d.  oh. ;  et  de  xii  s.  iii  d.  de  cxxvii  operibus  post  autumpnum 

venditis  :  pretium  operis,  i  d.  Summa  xxxiii  .v.  vii  d. 

Bladum  venditum.     Idem  respondet  de  xxi  d.  de  ii  hu.  frumenti 

/  venditis  ventricibus ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d.  de  ii 

ring,  pisarum  venditis  ventricibus ;  et  de  xvi  d.  de  i  ring,  pisarum 

vendita  ventricibus.  Summa  vi  s.  v  d. 

53 


APPENDIX. 

Staurum  venditum.     Idem  respondet  de  xxiiii  s.  de  i  bove  ven- 
dito ;  et  de  iiii  s.  x  d.  de  i  stotto  vendito ;  et 
de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  i  stotto  vendito ;  et  de  xiiii  s.  de  i  tauro  vendito. 

Summa  xlv  s.  iiii  d. 
Bidentes  venditse.  Idem  respondet  de  xx  s.  de  xvi  multonibus 
venditis  circa  festum  sancti  Andreas :  pretium 
multonis,  xv  d. ;  et  de  xxviii  s.  ix  d.  de  xxiii  ovibus  matricibus  ven- 
ditis, .  .  .  .  *  fe :  pretium  cujuslibet,  xv  d. ;  et  de  xviii  s.  viii  d.  de  vi 
multonibus  et  viii  matricibus  venditis  celerario  circa  festum  sancti 
Andrese :  pretium  cujuslibet,  xvi  d.  Summa  Ixvii  s.  v  d. 

Pelles  et  piletterise  venditse.     Idem  respondet  de  v  s.  de  x  pelli- 

bus  lanutis  venditis  ;  et  de  xvii  d. 
de  ix  piletteriis,  viii  pellibus  agnorum  venditis;  et  de  v  s.  de  xx 
pellibus  agnorum  venditis.  Summa  xi  s.  v  d. 

Porci  venditi.     Idem  respondet  de  x  s.  de  iii  porcis  venditis ;  et 
de  xlv  s.  de  x  porcis  venditis  celerario :  pretium 
porci,  iiii  s.  vi  d.  Summa  Iv  s. 

Staurum  mortuum.     Idem  respondet  de  ii  s.  de  i  perna  vendita ; 
et  de  xix  d.  de  i  corio  i  vaccse  de  morina 
vendito  ;  et  de  ii  s.  de  xxiiii  lagenis  lactis  venditis. 

Summa  v  s.  vii  d. 
De  feno  nichil  propter  inundationem  aquarum. 
Minuta  vendita.     Idem  respondet  de  xxix  s.  i  d.  de  subbosco  ven- 
dito per  talliam  contra  Johannem  Cartere ;  et 
de  ii  s.  iii  d.  de  tanno  vendito ;  et  de  xii  d.  de  mola  usitata.     De 
pannagio  nichil  ob  defectum  glandium  ;  et  de  iii  s.  viii  d.  qu.  de  nuci- 
bus,  videlicet  de  xxix  virgatis  terrse  et  quartario,  quilibet  dat  i  d.  ob. ; 
et  desunt  iiii  d.  ob.  de  prseposito,  bedello  et  iiii  akermannis.     De 
pomis  nichil.     De  stipula  nichil  hoc  anno  ut  dicit. 

Summa  xxxvi  s.  qu. 
Fines  et  Gersumse.  Idem  respondet  de  xl  s.  de  Roberto  filio 
Johannis  Aspelon  pro  ingressu  habendo  in 
i  virgatam  terr^e  qua3  quondam  Ricardi  Gernoun ;  et  de  xiii  .^.  iiii  (/. 
de  Johanne  filio  Roberti  filii  Stephani  pro  ingressu  habendo  in 
dimidiam  virgatam  quondam  patris  sui ;  et  de  iii  s.  de  Michaele 
Aylmar  et  Alicia  Outy  pro  licentia  se  maritandi  super  feodum. 

Summa  Ivi  s.  iiii  d. 
Perquisita  curiae.     Idem  respondet  de  Ixx  s.  viii  d.  de  perquisitis 
visus  franci  plegii,  et  de  vi  caponibus  de  fini- 

*  The  omitted  word  is  illegible. 
54 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF   WISTOWE. 

bus  factis  in  eodem ;  et  de  xx  s.  ii  d.  de  perquisitis  curiae  autump- 
nalis.  Summa  iiii  H.  x  s.  x  d. 

Vendita  super  compotum.     Idem  respondet  de  xiii  s.  de  diversis 

rebus  venditis  super  compotum. 

Summa  xiii  s. 
Summa  totalis  receptarum  cum   arreragiis  xxxvii  li.  v  s.  iiii  d. 
oh.  qu. 

Expense  et  Liberationes. 

Camera  domini.  Idem  computat  liberatos  in  cameram  domini 
Ix  s.  de  perquisitis  visus  per  i  talliam.  Item 
ibidem  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  et  de  terra  Grafham  de  termino  sancti 
Andreffi,  xii  s.  oh.  qu.  per  i  talliam.  Item  ibidem  de  gersuma,  xx  s. 
per  i  talliam.  Item  ibidem  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  termino  An- 
nunciationis  beata?  Marise,  ii  s.  vi  d.  oh.  per  i  talliam.  Item  ibidem 
pro  decimis  secundi  anni,  xlvii  s.  vi  d.  oh.  per  ii  tallias.  Item 
ibidem  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  et  terra  Grafham  de  terminis  sancti 
Johannis  et  Benedicti,  xii  s.  oh.  qic.  per  i  talliam. 

Summa  vii  li.  xiiii  s.  ii  d.  oh. 

Minuta   missa   domino.      Idem    computat   in     missione     apud 

Broughton  pro  expensis  domini  ibi- 
dem i  aprum,  i  porcum,  iiii  i-ing.  avenaj  per  i  talliam.  In  missione 
domino  ante  Pascham,  vi  gallinas,  iiii  anathes,  Ixii  columbas,  xvi 
minutos  volatilios ;  et  post  Pascham,  iiii  p[ur]cellos,  xix  aucas,  ii 

XX 

capones,  xxvi  pulcinos,  Ixx  columbas,  c  iiii  ova  et  ii  caseos  per  i 
talliam. 

Celerarius.     Idem  computat  solutos  celerario  Ix  s.  super  talliam  ; 

et  pro  vii  pensis  baconum,  Ixx  5.  ;  et  pro  iiii  pensis 

duri  casei,  xxxii  s. ;  et  pro  frescingges,  Is.;  et  pro  allece,  ii  s. ;  et  de 

XX 

stauro,  vi  ring,   fabarum,  dimidiam  pensam   casei,  xi  aucas,  v  iiii 
gallinas,  Mdccxx  ova  per  iiii  tallias.  Summa  x  li.  xiiii  s. 

Subcelerarius.     Idem  computat  solutos  subcelerario  pro  argento 
vineffi  ii  s.  iii  d.  per  i  talliam.     Item   conventui 
pro  medow,  vi  s.  per  i  talliam.     Item  capellanis  domini  abbatis,  iii 
s.     In  bracino,  vi  d.     In  sartrino  vii  d.  oh.  pro  filo  et  sapone. 

Summa  xii  s.  iiii  d.  oh. 

Redditus  soluti.     Idem  computat  solutos  apud  Upwode  ii  ^t.  pro 

redditu  ad  terminum  sancti  Michaelis.     Item 

ibidem  ad  festum  sancti  Andrese,  oh.  qu..    Item  Goscelino  de  Ronseby 

viii  d.  pro  redditu.    Item  Willelmo  de  Broughton  viii  d.  pro  redditu. 

55 


APPENDIX. 

Item  apud  Upwode  pro  redditu  ad  festum  Annunciationis,  ob.  qu. 
Item  ibidem  pro  redditu  ad  festum  sancti  Benedicti,  ob.  qu. 

Summa  iii  s.  vi  d.  qu. 
Compotus^  de  Wystowe  anno  domini  S.  abbatis  viii"  viii°  viii". 
Staurum  eraptum.     In  i  bove  empto  xx  s.  viii  d. 

Summa  xx  s.  viii  d. 
Bidentes  emptse.      In  xlvii  agnis  de  exitu  anni  prsesentis  emptis 
diversis  pretiis,  Ixxii  s.  per  Johannem  Staur'. 

Summa  Ixxii  s. 
c 
In  xxviii  gallinis  emptis,  iiii  s.  viii  c^.     In  viii  ovis,  iiii  s. 

Summa  viii  s.  viii  d. 
Carucse.^  In  vi  peciis  ferri,  xxii  d.  ob.  In  i  garba  asceris,  x  d. 
In  iiii  carucis  restandis,*  iiii  d.  In  stipula  fabri  pro 
ferramentis  carucre  de  novo  faciendis,  ponendis  et  acuendis  a  festo 
sancti  Micbaelis  usque  festum  Nathalis  Domini,  ii  s.  In  iii  peciis 
ferri,  xii  d.  In  i  garba  asceris,  x  d.  In  iii  clutis,  vi  d.  In  carucis 
restandis  et  reparandis  in  Quadragesima.,  xviii  d.  In  vi  peciis  ferri, 
ii  s.  In  ii  garbis  asceris,  xx  d.  Item  fabro  pro  ferramentis  repa- 
randis, ut  supra,  ii  s.  In  ii  garbis  asceris,  xx  d.  In  iiii  peciis  ferri, 
xvi  d.  In  carucis  restandis  et  reparandis,  viii  d.  In  ii  peciis  ferri, 
vii  d.  Item  in  iiii  capistris,  ii  d.  In  stipendio  fabri  pro  ferramentis 
reparandis,  ut  supra,  ii  s.  iii  d.  In  iiii  peciis  ferri,  xv  d.  In  carucis 
restandis,  vi  d.  Summa  xxii  s.  xi  d.  ob. 

Carectffi.*     In  carectis  reparandis,  vi  d.     In  xii  clutis,  vi  d.     In  c 
broddis,  i  d.  ob.     In  i  ulna  canobi,  iii  d.     In  kyppe- 
lyne,  i  d.     In  albo  coreo,  viii  d.     In  iiii  paribus  rotarum,  xi  s.  viii 
d.    In  c  de  strakenayl,  ii  s.  ii  d.    In  v  ulnis  canobi,  xv  d.    In  xxxvi 
clutis,  xviii  d.     In  cc  broddes,  iii  d.     In  c  clavis  pro  Dyvelegges,  ii 
d.     In  i  nova  ferrura  rotarum  cum  to  to  attilio,  x  s.  ix  d.    In  ii  pari- 
bus rotarum  ferrandis,  vi  d.  Summa  xxx  s.  iiii  d.  ob. 
Ferrura.     In  stipendio  fabri  pro  vi  equis  carectarum  et  vi  stottis 
ferrandis  ante  et  retro  cum    ferris  et  clavis  suis,  per 
annum,  xv  s. ;  pro  quolibet  equo,  xv  d.  Summa  xv  s. 

XX 

Precariae  carucarum.     In  precaria  xx  carucarum  cum  iiii  homini- 


^  In  dorso. 

'  "  XXV  pecije  ferri ;  vi  garbae  "  Is  written  in  the  margin  opposite  this  item. 
"  Restaur andisf 

*  "iiii  paria  rotarum.     i  nova  ferrura  cum  .   .   .   ."  is  written  in  the  margin 
opposite  this  item. 

56 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

bus  in  Quadragesima  in  pisce  et  allece,  iii  s.  ii  cL,  et  ii  ring,  frumenti 
et  iii  ring,  brasei.  Summa  iii  s.  ii  d. 

Emendationes  domorum.     In  ii  seruris  emendandis  ad  januas,  ii 

(I.  In  stipendio  carpentarii  pro  aula 
et  grangia  emendandis,  ii  s.  vi  d.  In  stipendio  i  coopertoris  pro 
aula,  grangia,  bestario,  coquina,  domo  brasino  et  granario  emen- 
dandis, per  XXV  dies  et  dimidium,  iiii  s.  iii  d. ;  capientis  per  diem 
ii  d.     In  rosco,  v  d.  Summa  vii  s.  iiii  d. 

Custus  molendini.     In  i  mola  empta  pro  molendino  xliiii  s.  viii  d. 

Summa  xliiii  s.  viii  d. 
Custus  bidentum.     In  i  lagena  et  dimidia  bitumenis,  vii  d.  ob. 
In  xxvi  lagenis  lactis  pro  agnis,  ii  s.  ii  d.     In 
i  lagena  bituminis,  v  d.     In  bidentibus  tondendis  et  lavandis,  iiii 
d.     In  i  lagena  bituminis,  v  d.     In  i  lagena  bitumenis,  v  d. 

Summa  iiii  s.  iiii  d.  ob. 

Minuta  empta.     In  corio  i  equi  carectarum  de  morina  dealbando, 

viii  d.    In  ii  taratantaris  emptis,  iii  d.  ob.     In  ii 

peciis  ferri,  vii  d.     In  ii  vangis  et  ii  tribulis  cum  dictis  peciis  fer- 

randis,  iiii  d.     In  i  tripode  v  d.  ob.     In  purcello  castrando,  iiii  d. 

In  bobus  navigandis  in  marisco,  iiii  (/.     In  parcameno,  ii  d. 

Summa  iii  s.  ii  d. 
Custus  pratorum.     In  falcatione  de  Thornbriggemade  vii  d.  ex 

consuetudine.  Summa  vii  d. 

Expensse  seneschalli.  In  expensis  seneschalli  pro  leta  tenenda, 
iii  s.  ob.  ;  et  de  stauro,  ii  bv.  frumenti,  iii 
bu.  avenffi,  i  ring,  brasei,  i  perna,  i  purcellus,  ii  aucse,  ii  anathes,  vi 
gallinae  per  i  talliam.  Item  in  expensis  seneschalli  pro  curia  au- 
tumpni  tenenda,  ii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  de  stauro,  i  bu.  frumenti,  i  purcellus, 
ii  capones  et  iiii  pulcini  per  i  talliam.  Summa  v  s.  vi  d.  ob. 

Forinsecsb  expensse.     Idem  computat  in  expensis  carectarii  ver- 
sus Byker,  ix  d.    Item  in  xii  lagenis  lactis 
pro  V  capriolis  missis  per  dominum  abbatem,  xii  d.     In  expensis 
carectarii  versus  Therfeld  per  v  vices  pro  blado  petendo,  x  d.     In 
pullano  domini  ferrando,  xiiii  d.  Summa  iii  s.  ix  d. 

Expense  domorum.  In  expensis  domorum  per  v  septimanas  in 
autumpno,  videlicet  pro  serviente,  prse- 
posito,  Rypereve,  dayo  et  diversis  carectariis  bladi  per  vices,  vi  s. 
viii  d. ;  et  de  stauro,  iiii  ring,  ii  bu.  frumenti,  v  ring,  gruti,  v  ring. 
brasei,  iiii  pernse,  v  aucae,  xii  columbse,  i  lagena  butiri  et  viii  casei 
per  i  talliam.  Summa  vi  s.  viii  d. 

57 


APPENDIX. 

In  i  ring,  salis,  xvi  d.     In  i  ring,  salis,  xiiii  d.     In  i  bu.  salis,  v  d. 

Summa  ii  .s\  xi  d. 
Stipendia  fAmiiloruTu.  In  stipendio  servientis  per  annum,  iiii  s. 
Item  clerico  computat  iiii  s.  In  stipendio 
wodewardi,  iiii  s.  In  stipendio  i  carectarii,  iii  carucariorum,  ber- 
carii  et  day  (sic)  per  annum,  xviii  s.,  cuilibet  iii  s.  In  stipendio 
vaccarii  per  annum,  xviii  d.  In  stipendio  porcarii  per  annum,  ii  s. 
iii  d.  Summa  xxxiii  s.  ix  d. 

Oblationes.     In  oblatione  servientis,  per  annum,  ii  d.    Item  wode- 
wardi, i  d.     In   oblationibus  i  carectarii,  iii  caru- 
cariorum, bercarii,  day,  porcarii  et  bercarii,  per  annum,  viii  d.,  cuili- 
bet ad  Nathalem  ob.,  et  ad   Pascham  ob.     Item  eisdem   pro  fortb- 
drovesilver  ii  s.  ex  consuetudine.  Summa  ii  .s.  xi  d. 

Ventilatio.      In    ventilatione   dcciiii   ring,   omnimodi   grani    ad 
taskam,  viii  .9.  ix  d.  qu. ;  videlicet  pro  viii  ringis  i  d. 

Summa  viii  s.  ix  d.  qu. 
Relaxationes.      In  relaxatione  Jobanni  le  Taylour  per  literam 
domini,  xii  d.     Item   Jobanni    Barkere  per  lit- 
teram  domini,  xii  d.  Summa  ii  s. 

Summa  totalis  expensarum  et  liberationum  xxxiiii  Ii.  iii  s.  iiii  d. 
ob. ;  et  sic  debet  prsepositus  domino  Ixii  s,  qu.  De  q[uibus]  reddet 
anno  sequente. 

IX. 

WiSTOWE,  1351.' 

Compotus  Johannis  Coupere  ballivi  et  Willelmi  Waryn  propositi 
ibidem  a  die  Martis  in  festo  sancti  Micbaelis  Archangeli  anno  Ri- 
cardi  abbatis  ii  usque  idem  festum  anni  proximi  sequentis. 

Arreragia.  De  quo  nichil  hie  quia  Adam  Brunne  propositus 
anno  prtecedente  est  inde  responsus.  Nichil. 

Redditus  per  annum.  Idem  respondet  de  iiii  ^.  vi  d.  de  redditu 
assisoe  termino  Micbaelis ;  et  de  xvi  s.  iii 
d.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  terminis  Andreie,  Annunciationis  et  J.  Bap- 
tistse  provenientibus  de  xxxii  virgatis  et  dimidia  terras  in  Wystowe 
et  Ravele,  de  quolibet  (sic)  virgata  vi  d. ;  et  de  viii  d.  di.  qu.  de 
warthpenis,  de  qualibet  virgata  qu.  termino  Martini ;  et  de  xxxii  s. 
vi  d.  de  praedictis  xxxii  virgatis  et  dimidia  pro  hewshire,  de  quoli- 
bet virgata  xii  d.  terminis  Andrese,  Annunciationis  et  sancti  Bene- 
dicti ;  et  de  xi  s.  de  redditu  tenementorum  quondam  Walteri  de 


»  Brit.  Mus.,  Add.  Ch.,  39897. 
58 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF   WISTOWE. 

Graf  ham  terminis  Andreas  et  Annunciationis.  De  firma  molendini 
nichil  hoc  anno  in  denariis  quia  extra  in  blado ;  et  de  xiii  s.  vi  d. 
ob.  de  eisdem  xxxii  et  dimidia  virgatis  pro  maltsilver,  de  quolibet 
virgata  v  d.  termino  Nativitatis  Domini ;  et  de  ii  s.  iii  d.  de  argento 
vinese  ad  terminum  Annunciationis,  et  de  xvi  s.  de  fishsilver  eodem 
termino ;  et  de  iii  6^  x  d.  de  redditu  Radulfi  Clerevaux,  videlicet  ter- 
mino Annunciationis  iii  .s.  ix  d.  qu.  et  Translationis  Andrese  ob.  qu. ; 
et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d.  ob.  qu.  de  wethersilver  termino  sancti  Benedicti, 
de  quolibet  virgata  i  d.  qu. ;  et  de  iiii  d.  de  hangerlond  termino 
Nativitatis  [beatse]  Marise  quia  seminatur  hoc  anno;  et  de  xl  s.  de 
iii  virgatis  terrae  ad  censum,  de  quolibet  xiii  s.  iiii  d.  terminis  An- 
nunciationis et  Nativitatis  beat*  M arise.  De  Iiii  acris  terrsB  dom- 
inicse  apud  le  Stockinge  nichil  hoc  anno  quia  in  manu  domini.  De 
XV  s.  pro  i  mesuagio  et  xviii  acris  terrae  et  prato  quondam  Andrese 
Parys  nunc  in  manu  domini  ratione  minoris  a^tatis  heredis  ejusdem, 
et  postea  dimissis  Roberto  Cateiyne  et  soeiis  suis  omissis  (?)  in 
campo.  Summa  vi  li.  ix  s.  vii  d.  qu. 

[Opera]  vendita.     Idem  respondet  de  viii  s.  vi  d.  ob.  qu.  de  cxvii 
operibus  gestatis  venditis :  pretium  operis,  ob. 
qu. ;  et  de  xxiii  s.   ii  d.  qu.  de  clxv  et  dimidio  operibus  autumpni 

venditis :  pretium  operis,  i  d.  ob. ;  et  de  viii  s.  vi  d.  de  v  ii  operibus 
post  autumpnum  :  pretium  operis,  i  d.  Summa  xl  s.  iii  d. 

Bladum  venditum.     Idem  respondet  de  iiii  s.  iiii  d.  ob.  de  ii  ring. 
ii  bu.  di.  ordei  venditis  ventilatricibus,  per 
ringam  xx  d. ;  et  de  xv  d.  de  i  ring,  drageti  vendita  eisdem. 

Summa  v  s.  vii  d.  ob. 
Staurum  [ven]d[itum].     Idem  respondet  de  xli  s.  viii  d.  de  xx 

porcis  venditis :  pretium  capitis,  ii  s.  i 
d. ;  et  de  xxii  s.  de  xii  porcis  venditis :  pretium  capitis,  xxii  d. ;  et 
de  xxiii  s.  de  x  porcis  venditis  celerario  :  pretium  capitis,  ii  s.  iiii  d. 
minus  in  toto  iiii  d.  de  i  porco  immundo;  et  de  xx  s.  de  ii  bobus 
venditis  in  hospitium  domini  apud  Rameseiam ;  et  de  v  s.  de  iii 
porcis  immundis  venditis.  Summa  cxi  6\  viii  d. 

Exitus  manerii.  Idem  respondet  de  vii  d.  de  i  corio  bovis  ven- 
dito ;  et  de  ii  s.  viii  d.  de  iiii  coriis  vaccarum  et 
ii  coriis  bovettorum  venditis  ;  et  de  ix  s.  de  xliii  caseis  ponderis  i 
pondi  venditis ;  et  de  xx  d.  de  ii  lagenis,  dimidia  butiri  venditis : 
pretium  lagena;,  viii  d. ;  et  de  xx  s-.  de  feno  vendito  per  talliam  con- 
tra ballivum  ;  et  de  ii  s.  de  croppis  et  cortice  venditis.  De  pasturis 
nichil  hoc  in  denariis  quia  depasturantur  per  averios  manerii.     De 

59 


APPENDIX. 

stipula,  pannagio,  subbosco,  mortua  busca  et  vetere  mol[endino] 
nichil  hoc  anno ;  et  de  iii  s.  oh.  qu.  terraino  Decollationis  sancti 
Johannis  de  xxiiii  virgatis  in  opere  et  censu  pro  Notesilver,  de  quo- 
libet  virgata  i  d.  oh.  quando  contingit;  et  de  iii  d.  de  pomis  venditis 
hoc  anno ;  et  de  vi  s.  viii  d.  de  firma  columbarii.^ 

Summa  xlv  s.  x  d.  oh.  qu. 
Fines  et  perquisita  curiae.     Idem  respondet  de  Iv  s.  x  d.  receptis 

de  perquisitis  letse  hoc  anno ;  et  de 
xxvi  s.  i  d.  de  perquisitis  curiae  autumpni ;  et  de  xxi  s.  iiii  d.  de 
diversis  gersumis  hoc  anno.  Summa  ciii  s.  iii  d. 

[Receptee]  forinsecse.     Idem  respondet  de  Ix  s.    receptis  de  Ada 
Brunne  prgeposito  ante  ipsum  anno  prsece- 
dente  in  tallagio  celerarii ;  et  de  xxxi  6\  vi  d.  receptis  de  vestura 
mortua  vendita  per  talliam  contra  ballivum. 

Summa  iiii  li.  xi  s.  vi  d. 
[Ven]ditio  super  compotum.     Idem  respondet  de  xx  s.  v  d.  de 

diversis  venditionibus  super  com- 
potum. Summa  xx  s.  v  d. 
Summa  totalis  receptarum  xxvii  li.  viii  s.  ii  d.  oh. 
Resolutiones    redditus.      Idem   computat  resolutos  manerio  de 

Upwode  termino  Michaelis  ii  s.  ii  d.  qu. ; 
et  Willelmo  de  Broughton,  viii  d.  ;  et  Thomse  Gocelyne,  viii  d. 

Summa  iii  s.  vi  (/.  qu. 
Expensa;  et  Uberationes.      Idem    computat    solutos   in   camera 

domini   per   talliam    contra  fratrem 
W.  de  Walk',  Rec'^  de  leta  hujus  anni,  Ix  s.  Summa  Ix  s. 

Celerarius.     Idem  soluti  celerario  pro  fressinges,  xl  s.,  et  super 
talliam,  Ix  s. ;  et  pro  bacone,  Ixx  s. ;  et  pro  ii  pensis 
dimidia  duri  casei,  xx  s.;  et  de  stauro,  vi  rwigf.  fabarum  per  tal- 
liam, i  pensa  duri  casei ;  et  pro  agnis  ii  -s.,  Ixvi  gallinse,  Mdcc  ova, 
X  aucse.  Summa  ix  li.  xii  s. 

Acquietanciaj.     Idem  computat  solutos  capellanis  domini  iii  5. ; 
et  subcelerario  pro  operibus  vinese,  ii  s.  iii  d. ;  et 
conventui  pro  medoibus,  vi  s. ;  et  sartrino  pro  filo  et  sapone,  vii  d. 
oh. ;  et  in  bracino  pro  candela,  vi  d.  Summa  xii  s.  iiii  (/.  oh. 

Bladum  emptum.     Idem  computat  in  iii  ring,  fruraenti  emptis 
pro  liberatione  famulorum,  mensa  July,  vii 
s. :  pretium  ring.,  ii  s.  iiii  d.  Summa  vii  s. 

^  "Firma  columbarii"  is  written  in  the  margin.  ^  Receptor* 

60 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WLSTOWE. 

Staurum  emptum.     Idem  compiitat  in  vi  aucis  emptis  ad  co- 
quinam  domini  xviii  d.:  pretium  capitis,  iii 

c 

d.;  et  in  xxiiii  pulcinis  emptis  pro  eodem  ad  i  d.  oh.,  iii  s. ;  et  in  ix 

XX 

ovis  emptis  ad  vi  d.,  iiii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  in  c  v  xvi  columbellis  emptis 
pro  coquina  domini,  iiii  -s.  xi  d.,  pro  iiii  columbellis  id.;  et  in  xii 
gallinis  emptis,  xviii  d.  Summa  xv  s.  v  d. 

M  ....  et  ....  ^  per  vices  de  equis  carectarum. 

Ciistus  carucarum.  Idem  computat  in  iiii  peciis  ferri  emptis  xxi 
d. ;  et  in  viii  slabbis  emptis,  xii  d. ;  et  in  v 
peciis  ferri  emptis  ad  v  d.,  ii  s.  i  d.;  et  in  iii  garbis  asceris  emptis,  ii 
s.  iii  d. ;  et  in  stipendio  fabri  pro  ferramentis  iii  carucarum  fabri- 
candis  de  ferro  et  asseribus  prsecomputatis,  x  s.  vi  d.  ut  patet  per 
talliam  ;  et  in  stipendio  carpentarii  facientis  et  reparantis  opus  lig- 
neum  iii  carucarum  de  meremio  domini  per  annum,  ii  s.  x  d.;  et  in 
V  ploucloutis  emptis,  x  d.;  et  in  i  cultro  empto,  viii  d. 

Summa  xxi  s.  xi  d. 

Precariffi  carucarum.  Idem  computat  in  expensis  ad  ii  precarias, 
qualibet^  xxiiii  carucse,  tempore  warecta- 
tionis,  ix  s.  vi  d.  oh. ;  et  de  stauro,  iii  ring,  ii  hii.  frumenti,  iiii  ring,  ii 
hu.  brasei  et  vi  casei  per  talliam  ;  et  in  expensis  ad  ii  precarias  tem- 
pore rebinationis,  qualibet  vice  xxiiii  carucse,  viii  s.  ii  d. ;  et  de 
stauro,  iiii  ring,  frumenti,  v  ring,  brasei,  vi  casei  et  ii  aucae  per  tal- 
liam ;  et  in  expensis  pro  i  precaria  xiii  carucarum  tempore  secundse 
rebinationis,^  iii  s.  v  d ;  et  de  stauro,  ii  ring,  frumenti,  ii  ring,  ii  bu. 
brasei,  iii  casei  per  talliam.  Summa  xxi  s.  i  d.  oh. 

Custus  carectarum.^  Idem  computat  in  iii  paribus  rotaruni  nu- 
darum  emptis  ad  vi  s.  iiii  d.,  xix  s. ;  et  in  c 
strakenayl  emptis  pro  i  pare  rotarum  ferrando,  v  s. ;  et  in  ii 
wynekis  et  dewleggis  emptis,  v  d. ;  et  in  ferramentis  i  paris  rotarum 
de  rebus  praecomputatis  etxii  dewilleggis  emptis  de  fabro  pro  eodem, 
ii  s. ;  et  in  i  pare  trahicium  empto,  viii  d. ;  et  in  vi  tensis  de  kyp- 
pelyne  emptis,  ii  d. ;  et  in  iii  hoopis  ferreis  emptis  pro  rotis,  vi  d. ; 
et  in  xlii  clutis  emptis  pro  carectis,  iii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  in  ii  cordis  pro 
carectis  emptis,  xx  d. ;  et  in  vi  Ii.  uncti  emptis  pro  carectis  emptis, 
vi  d. ;  et  in  rubro  coreo  empto  pro  harnesio,  iiii  d. ;  et  in  iii  capistris 
emptis,  iii  d. ;  et  in  iiii  ulnis  cavenacii  emptis  pro  harnesio  ad  ii  d. 

'  The  two  omitted  words  are  illegible.  ^  Supply  vice  as  below. 

^  Compestationis  is  crossed  out. 
*  "iii  paria  rotarum"  is  written  in  the  margin. 

61 


APPENDIX. 

c  ... 

06.,  X  rf. ;  et  in  viii  clutnayl  emptis  ad  iii  d.,  ii  5. ;  et  in  dealbando  i 

coreo  equino  et  ii  coreis  juvencorum  pro  harnesio,  xiii  d.  oh.      In 

filo  empto  pro  harnesio,  ii  d.     In  iiii  raynes,  iiii  d. 

Summa  xxxviii  s.  v  d.  oh. 

XX 

Ferrura  equorum.     In  iiii  iiii  ferruris  equinis  emptis  tarn  pro 

vii  vi 

equis  quam  pro  afFris  ad  i  d.,  vii  s. ;  et  in  m 

C  ......  J. 

viii  clavis  equinis  emptis,  c  ad  iii  d.,  iiii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  in  stipendio 
fabri  pro  ferruris  vi  equorum  carectarum  in  omnibus  pedibus  et  vi 
afl'rorum  in  ii  pedibus  anterioribus  de  ferro  et  clavis  domini,  ii  s. 
vi  d.  Summa  xiiii  s. 

Custus  domorum.  Idem  computat  in  i  coopertore  conducto  per 
V  dies  dimidium  ad  cooperiendum  super 
grangiam  ordei  ad  iiii  (rf.)  per  diem,  xxii  c/. ;  et  in  i  coopertore 
jcooperiente  super  domum  columbarum,  gallinarum  et  super  gran- 
giam frumenti  per  iiii  dies  dimidium,  xiii  d.  oh.,  capiente  per  diem 
iii  d.  Summa  ii  s.  xi  d.  oh. 

Custus    molendini.     Idem   computat   in    viii    bordis    emptis   ad 
molendinum    xii   d. ;    et  in   cccc    spikings 
emptis  pro  eodem,  xi  d.  oh.  Summa  xxiii  d.  oh. 

Custus  bidentum  de  quo  nichil  hoc  anno. 

Minuta  necessaria.  Idem  computat  in  vi  hu.  salis  emptis  pro 
potagio  lamulorum  ad  x  r/.,  v  s. ;  et  in  ii 
furcis  pro  blado  emptis  contra  autumpnum,  vi  d.;  et  in  ii  pressuris 
emptis  pro  dayero,  vi  d. ;  et  in  i  homine  faciente  i  fornacem  plumbi 
per  ii  dies,  viii  d. ;  et  siccatione  ccciii  ring,  ii  bti.  brasei  ad  taxam, 
iiii  s.  vi  rZ.,  pro  ix  ring,  i  d.  oh. ;  et  in  i  ferreo  tribulo  empto,  ii  d.  oh. ; 
et  in  xii  virgis  cavenacii  emptis  pro  iiii  saccis  inde  f^iciendis  ad  i  d. 
oh.,  xviii  d. ;  et  in  i  vetere  cilicio'  empto  pro  cilicio  domini  emen- 
dando,  xviii  d. ;  et  in  i  operario  emendante  cilicium  domini,  vi  d. 
ex  consuetudine ;  et  in  vi  discis  emptis  pro  famulis,  iii  d. ;  et  in  ii 
ciphis  emptis,  ii  d. ;  et  in  ii  wyndl'  emptis  de  stramine,  iii  d. 

Summa  xv  s.  vi  d.  oh. 

Expensse  supervenientium  per  talliam.    Idem  computat  in  expen- 

sis  seneschalli  ad  letam 
iii  s.  viii  d. ;  et  de  stauro,  ii  hn.  frumenti  per  talliam,  i  ring,  brasei 
et  ii  hu.  avenae;  et  in  expensis  cujusdam  ad  curiam  autumpni,  iiii 
s.  vii  d. ;  et  de  stauro,  i  hu.  frumenti,  di.  hu.  prsebendffi,  i  porcellus, 

^  Hair  shirt. 
62 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

ii  aucse,  vi  pulcini  per  talliam  ;  et  in  expensis  fratris  J.  de  Claxton 
et  aliorum  secum  exeimtium  mense  Aprilis  pro  manerio  supervi- 
dendo,  xviii  d. ;  et  de  stauro,  ii  bu.  frumenti  per  talliam. 

Summa  ix  s.  xi  d. 
Expensae  domorum  in  autumpno.     Idem  computat  in  expensis 

ballivi,     praepositi,     bedelli, 

i 

garcionis  ballivi  per  vii  septimanas  in  autumpno  ix  s  ii  d.  oh. ;  et  de 
stauro,  V  ring,  ii  hu.  frumenti.  xi  ring,  brasei,  ix  casei,  ii  aucse,  ii 

XX 

pernae  per  talliam  ;  et  in  expensis  ad  ii  precarias'  v  ii  operariorum 
qualibet  vice  in  autumpno  nichil  in  denariis ;  et  de  stauro,  ii  vac- 
cae,  vi  ring,  frumenti,  v  ring,  brasei,  viii  casei,  ii  aucse  per  ii  tallias. 

Summa  ix  s.  ii  d.  oh. 

Stipendia  et  oblationes  et  consuetudines.     Idem  computat  in  sti- 

pendio  i  warenarii  per 
annum  iiii  .s.,  et  eidem  pro  roba  sua,  vi  s.  viii  d. ;  et  in  stipendio  ii 
carectariorum,  vi  carucariorum,  i  vaccarii,  i  bercarii,  i  porcarii  et  i 
coci  per  annum,  Ixxii  s.,  cuilibet  vi  s. ;  et  in  stipendio  garcionis  bal- 
livi, ii  -s.  per  annum  (hie  et  residuum  apud  Wardeboys  ii  s.)  ;  et  in 
stipendio  i  custodientis  bestias  manerii  in  marisco,  xii  d.  In  obla- 
tionibus  ballivi,  ii  d. ;  et  in  oblationibus  xiii  famulorum  pro  festis 
Natalis  Domini  et  Paschse,  xiii  d.  In  expensis  famulorum  ad  le 
forthdrove,  ii  s. ;  et  in  denariis  datis  custumariis  falcantibus  pratum 
domini  xiiii  d.  ex  consuetudine  pro  le  sitheale ;  et  in  provisione 
data  custumariis  venientibus  de  praecepto  ballivi  ad  levandum  fenum 
domini,  viii  d. ;  et  in  denariis  datis  custumariis  tondentibus  bidentes 
domini,  viii  d.  ex  consuetudine.  Summa  iiii  Ii.  xi  s.  v  d. 

c 

Trituratio  et  ventilatio.     Idem  computat  in  ventilatione  iiii  xx 

ring,  cujuslibet  generis  bladi  dominicae 

c 

vi  ?.  xi  d.,  pro  vi  ring,  i  d.,  deductis  ii  Ix  ring,  ventilatis  per  opera. 

Summa  vi  s.  xi  d. 
AUocantiae   redditus.      In    allocantia   redditus  de  auxilio   vice- 

ii 

comitis  pro  x  virgatariis,  akermannis,  ad 

iii  iiii 

censum,  impotentibus  etin  manu  Radulfi  Clerevaux  per  escambiam 
terminis  Andreae,  J.  Baptistae  et  Annunciationis,  v  s.,  cuilibet  vi  d. ; 


1  "  Precarije  in  autumpno  "  is  written  in  the  margin. 

68 


APPENDIX. 

et  eisdem  pro  warthpenis  termino  Martini,  ii  d.  ob.,  cuilibet  qu. ;  et 
allocantia  prseposito  et  bedello,  semivirgatario,  et  prsedictis  x  vir- 

iiii  d. 

gatariis  pro  hewechire,  xi  s.,  cuilibet  xii  d.,  terminis  Andreas,  An- 

iiii  rf.  iiii  d. 

nunciationis  et  sancti  Benedicti ;  et  prsedictis  xi  virgatariis  pro 
maltsilver,  iiii  s.  vii  d.,  cuilibet  v  d.  termino  Natalis  Domini ;  et 
eisdem  xi  virgatariis  pro  wethersilver,  xiii  d.  ob.  qu.  termino  Bene- 
dicti, cuilibet  virgatario  i  d.  qu.  Summa  xxi  s.  xi  d.  qu. 

Summa  totalis  expensarum  et  liberationum  xxviii  li.  viii  s.  ;^  et 
sic  est  excessus  xix  s.  ix  d.  ob. 

Wystowe^  anno  secundo  Ricardi  abbatis.  Compotus  Willelmi 
Waryn  praepositi  ibidem  .... 

Frumentum.'    Exitus  grangipe terra  bondorum  .... 

Et  in  expensis  ad  v  precarias  carucarum,  ix  ring,  ii  bii.  per  iii 
[tallias];  et  in  expensis  ....  in  autumpno  ....  ring.  .  .  bu.  per 
talliam  ;  et  ad  ii  precarias  autumpni  vi.  Summa  quae  supra. 

Ordeuni.     Idem  respondet  de  Ixxviii  ring,  i  bu.  de  exitu  anterioris 

meiffi  trituratis  per  opera,  per  talliam  .  .  .  .  et  de  iiii 

ring media?  meya? ;  et  de  ciii  ring,  de  exitu  meyae  cum  cumu- 

latione  ....  per  talliam  contra  .  .  .  .  de  iiii  x  ri7ig.  de  exitu  gran- 

gise  frumenti ;  et  de  iii  ring,  i  bu.  di.  de  .  .  .  .  terrse  nativorum  per 

talliam.  Summa  cccxxxi  ring,  ii  bu. 

De  quibus  in  semine  per  talliam  contra  ballivum,  xxxvi  ring,  ii 

c 
bu. ;  et  in  braseo  fuso  inferius  ii  Iiii  ....  et  in  [liberatione]  famu- 

lorum  ut  patet  inferius,  Iv  ring,  hoc  anno  ex  conventu,  et  in  ven- 

XX  d. 
ditione  ventilatricibus  ut  infra  ii  ring,  ii  bu.  di 

Summa  quae  supra. 
Idem*  respondet  de  Ixxii  ring,  iii  6w.  di.  de  exitu  in  grangia  fru- 
menti ;  et  de  Iiii  ring,  ii  bu.  de  ....  in  eadem  grangia  trituratis 
per  opera  })er  talliam  ;  et  de  iiii  ring,  per  asstimationem  in  garbis. 

Summa  ex  ring,  i  bu.  di. 
Dragetum.     De  quibus  in  semine  xlii  ring,  iii  bu.  di.  per  talliam 
unde  computat  ringam   super  terram   vac';'*  et  in- 


'  The  amount  is  12  s.  4  d.  short.  ^  In  doiso. 

^  "  Recipe  ii  ring,  iii  bu.  iiii  pecke  jilus  semine  septimo  et  dimidio"  is  written 
in  the  margin. 

*  "Recipe  ii  i-ing.  iii  bu.  di.  plus  semine  v  '»"  is  written  in  the  margin. 
'  Vacuamf 

64 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

ferius  cum  avena,  xiiii  rituf.  i  bu. ;  et  in  braseo  fuse  ut  patet  in- 
ferius,  Ixx  ring. ;  et  in  liberatione  tamulorum  inferius,  ii  ring,  i  6w. ; 
et  in  venditione  ut  infra,  i  ring.  Summa  qua)  supra. 

De  remanente/  vii  rmg.  fabarum  et  pisarum ;  et  dc  .  .  .  .  meya 
XXX  ring,  ii  hic.  fabarum  de  exitu ;  et  de  xx  ring,  pisarum  de  exitu 
per  opera  per  talliam ;  et  de  Ii  ring,  ii  bu.  de  pisis  de  exitu  maioris 
tassi ;  et  de  v  ring,  de  exitu  ....  nativorum  per  talliam  cum  fru- 
mento;  et  de  viii  rmg.  per  sestimationem  in  garbis. 

XX 

Summa  v  xviii  ring.  di.  bu. 
Faba3  et  pisse.      De  quibus  in  semine  per  talliam  Ixx  ring,  ii  bu. 
Item  i  bu.  di.  super  terram  vac' ;  et  liberate  bal- 
livo  de  Riptone  Regis,  ii  ring,  per  talliam ;  et  in  xii  porcis  impin- 

guendis  pro  celerario  et  lardario,  viii  ring. ;  et  in  porcis  manerii 
sustinendis  per  annum,  xi  ring.  Inferius  cum  avena,  ix  ring,  i  bu. 
di.,  et  celerario,  vi  ring,  per  talliam  ;  et  in  liberatione  famulorum  ut 
patet  inferius,  xiiii  ring,  iii  bu.  di.  Summa  quae  supra.  Et  a3que. 
Avena.  Idem  respondet  de  ii  bu.  de  exitu  tempore  Adge  Brunne  ; 
et  de  XV  ring,  ii  bu.  de  exitu  trituratis  per  opera  per  tal- 
liam ;  et  de  xiiii  ring,  i  bu.  de  drageto  superius ;  et  de  ix  ring,  i 
bu.   di.    receptis    de    ftibis    et    pisis    superius;    et   de   xxiiii    ring. 

1     r    T  1  ...  xxi  et  di. 

avena?  de  toddercoren  provementibus  de  xxiiii  virgatis  in  opere  et 

iii  virgatee  °  ^ 

censu,  de  qualibet  virgata  i  ringa  de  .  .  .  .  i  virgata  pro  praposito 
et  bedello,  ii  virgatse  pro  .  .  .  akermannis,  iiii  virgata  quaj  nichil 
faciunt  propter  impotentiam,  in  manu  Radulfi  Clerevaux  ad  ter- 
minum  vita),  nunc  in  manu  domini  per  mortem  dicti  Radulfi  ;  et 
de  XXXV  ring,  per  aestimationem  in  garbis. 


XX 


Summa  iiii  xix  ring.  di.  bu. 
De  quibus  in  semine  per  talliam  xxxvii  ring,  i  bu.  per  talliam ; 
et  in  prffibenda  equorum  seneschalli  ad  letam,  ii  bu. ;  et  in  [equo] 
seneschalli  ad  curiam  autumpni,  di.  bu. ;  et  in  farina  ad  potagium 
famulorum  manerii,  vi  ring. ;  et  in  praebenda  equorum  carectarum 
manerii  per  annum,  xxxiii  ring,  unde  xx\  ring,  in  garba;  et  in  pras- 
benda  atfrorum  et  boum  et  averiorura  per  a^stimationem,  x  ring:  in 
garbis;  et  in  prsebenda  iiii  pullanorum  de  equitio  domini,  vi  ring. 
....  et  in  sustenatione  agnellorum  et  ovium  matricium  vi  ring. 
unde  qu.  ii  bu.  in  garbis.  Summa  qu«  supra. 

^  "  Recipe  vii  ring.  di.  bu.  plus  semine  et  di."  is  written  in  the  margin. 
5  65 


APPENDIX. 


Exitus 
Molendini 


f  Ordeum.     Idem  respondet  de  iii  7-ing.  de  remanente  etde  ccliii 

ring,  ii  bu.  de nichil  hoc  anno  quia  re- 

cipit  bladum  per  mensuram  rasam.     Summa  cclii rmj;.  ii  bu. 

De  quibus  in  expensis  seneschalli  ad  letam,  i  ring,  ii  bu. 
missa  apud  Ramesciam  i)er  talliam  ....  contra  G.  de  Alk', 
clericum  pistrini,  et  per  talliam  contra  W.  de  Westone,  xviii 

ring,  iii  bu precar'  carucarum,  xii  ring,  per  talliam  ; 

et  in  expensis  domorum  in  autumpno  xi  .  .  .  per  talliam  ;  et 
....  autumpno  v  ring,  per  talliam ;  et  reddit  compotum  iii 

CQ       ring 

Dragetum.     Idem  respondet  de  Ixx  i-ing.  de  facturis  hoc  anno  ; 
de  emptione  nichil  quia  rec'  .... 
De  quibus  missaj  apud  Rameseiam  per  talliam  contra  G.  de  Alk' 
Ixix  ring. 

Frumentum.  (  Idem  respondet  de  xiii  7'ing.  de  firma 
I  i  ventritici  dimissi  hoc  anno  pro  .... 
I  de  grosso  blado. 

j       De  quibus  ....  frumenti  xii  ring. 
[^  i  bu. 
■{   Mixtura.  f  Idem  respondet  de  xiii  ring,  de  exitu 

.  .  .  molendini.  De  quibus  missa  apud 
Rameseiam  per  talliam  cum  frumento 
contra  Willelmum  de  Westone  i  ring. 
.  .  .  .  ut  patet  inferius  ii  bu.     Et  re- 

t  manent  xi  ring 

Liberationes  famulorum.     Idem  resiDondet  de  Ixxi  ring,  ii  bu.  di. 

frumenti ;  et  de  Iv  ring,  ordei  superius 
receptis  pro  liberatione  famulorum  ;  et  de  ii  bu.  mixturte  molendini ; 
et  de  ii  ring,  ii  bu.  de  drageto  et  de  xiiii  ring,  iii  bu.  et  di.  fabarum 
et  pisarum  superius  receptis  pro  liberatione  famulorum. 

Summa  cxxiiii  ring,  ii  bu. 
De  quibus  in  liberatione  i  wodewardi  per  annum,  capientis  ringam 

per  V   septimanas,  x  ri7ig.  i   bu ii  carectariorum,  vi  caruca- 

riorum,  i  vaccarii,  i  bercarii,  i  porcarii  et  i  coci  per  annum  excepto 
coco  per  vii  septimanas  in  autumpno  ex  ...  .  ad  mensam  domini 
....  quilibet  capit  ringam  per  v  septimanas ;  et  in  liberatione  i 
.  .  .  .  l)allivi  per  annum  ....  septiraan';  et  in  liberatione  i  cus- 
todientis  averios  mancrii  in  marisco  a  festo  Inventionis  sancta^ 
Crucis  [ad]  festuni  sancti  Michaelis  per  xxi  septimanas,  ii  ring,  capta 
ringa  per  x  septimanas;  et  in  liberatione  i  garcionis  custodientis 

m 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OP    WISTOWE. 

ag[nos]  ....  per  x  septimanas  in  restate  hoc  anno  ii  bu.  drageti  et 
super  compotum  ii  ring.  di.  bu} 

Equi  carectarum.     De  remanentibus  vi  equi  carectarum  ;  et  de  1 
proveniente  de  strayhe.    Et  remanent  vii  equi 
carectarum.  Surama  vii. 

Affri.     De  remanentibus  vi  afFri  mas.     Summa  vi.     Et  remanent 

vi  atfri  mas. 
Boves.     De  remanentibus  xxviii  boves;  et  de  ii  de  adjunctione. 
Summa  xxx.    De  quibus  in  morina  i  putridum  cadaver; 
et  in  venditione  ut  infra  ii  cuj us  .  .  .  }     Et  remanent  xxvii  boves. 
Taurus.     De  i  de  remanente.     Et  remanet  i  taurus. 
Vacca3.     De  remanentibus   xxiiii,  et  de  adjunctione  nichil.     De 
quibus  in  morina  putridse  ii ;  et  mactatce  pro  expensis 
ad  ii  precarias  autumpni  ii.     Summa  iiii.     Et  remanent  xx  vaccse 
quarum  xi  steriles. 

Bovetti.     De  remanentibus  iiii  bovetti.     De  quibus  in  morina  ii 

et  adjuncti  cum  bobus  ii.     Et  seque. 
Juvenci.     De  remanentibus  ii  juvenci  et  computati  in  morina. 

Et  seque. 
Boviculi.     De  remanentibus  ii  boviculi  et  de  i  proveniente  de 
streyra.*     De  quibus  in  morina  ii.     Summa  ii.     Et  re- 
manet i  bovettus. 

Juvenculffi.      De   remanentibus   vii  juvenculse.      De   quibus   in 

morina  ii.     Et  remanent  v  juvenculse. 
Vituli  superannati.     De  remanentibus  iiii  vituli  mas.     De  quibus 

in  morina  ii.     Et  remanent  ii  boviculi. 
De  remanentibus  vi  vituli  fe.     De  quibus  in  morina  ii.     Et  re- 
manent iiii  juvenculse. 

Vituli  de  exitu.     De  exitu  ix   vituli  quorum  viii  mas,  et  rema- 
nent ix  vituli  de  exitu  quorum  viii  mas. 
Corea.     De  remanente  i   coreum  afifri  dealbatum  et  de  i  coreo 
bovis,  iiii  coreia  vaccarum,  ii  coreis  bovettorum,  ii  coreis 
juvencorum,  ii  coreis  boviculorum,  ii  coreis  juvencularum,  iiii  coreis 
vitulorum  de  remanentibus.  Summa  xviii. 

*De  quibus  in  reparatione  harnesii,  i  coreum  affri,  et  in  vendi- 
tione ut  infra,  i  coreum  bovis,  iiii  corea  vaccarum,  ii  corea  bovet- 
torum; et  reddit  compotum   ii  corea  boviculorum,  ii  corea  juven- 


^  "iii  s.  X  d.  ob."  is  written  in  the  margin.  *  Carcosium? 

^  Compare  streyxa,  stray.  *  "  viii  s."  is  written  in  the  margin. 

67 


APPENDIX. 

cularum  et  iiii  vitulorum  cruda.     Et  remanent  ii  corea  juvencorum 
albata.  Summa  xvi. 

Multones.     De  remanentibus  1  multones ;  et  de  ii  de  adjunctione. 

Summa  Hi.     Et  remanent  lii  multones. 
Oves  matrices.     De  remanentibus  Ix  oves  matrices ;  et  de  adjunc- 
tione nichil.     Et  remanent  Ix  oves  matrices. 
Hoggastri.     De  remanentibus  ix  hoggastri.     De  quibus  in  morina 
post  tonsionem  vii  et  adjuncti  superius  cum  multoni- 
bus  ii.     Et  ffique. 

Gerciae.     De  remanentibus  vii  gerciffi   et  computatse  in  morina 

ante  tonsionem.     Et  feque. 
Agni  de  remanentibus.     De  remanentibus  xvi  agni  mas.     De  qui- 
bus  in    morina   post   tonsionem   iii,  et 
missi  ad  coquinam  domini  iii.     Et  remanent  x  hoggastri.     De  re- 
manentibus xxxii  agni  fe.     De  quibus  in  morina  post  tonsionem  vi. 
Et  remanent  xxvi  gercise. 

Exitus.     Idem  respondet  de  Ixix  agnis  de  exitu.     De  quibus  in 
morina  xx  et  missi  ad  coquinam  domini  vii.     Summa 
xxvii.     Et  remanent  xlii  agni  de  exitu,  quorum  xviii  mas. 

f  Lanutse.     De  remanentibus  xxix,  et  de  vii  de  exitu,  et 

^  ,,  i  mittuntur  apud  Rameseiam  per  talliam.     Et 

relies. 

ii  d  oh    I  *^^^^- 

I   Nudse.     De  remanentibus  xiiii,  et  de  xvi  exitu.     Et  ven- 

I  ditse  super  compotum.     Et  seque. 

I   Pelliculee.     De  remanentibus  nichil;  et  de  xx  de  exitu. 

I  De  quibus  missR3  Rameseiam  iiii.    Et  teque. 

(^  Et  super  compotum  xvi.^ 

Vellera.     Idem  resj)ondet  de  cxliiii  velleribus  de  exitu  ;  et  mit- 
tuntur apud  Rameseiam  per  talliam. 
Apri.     De  remanente  i  aper.     Summa  i.     Et  remanet  i  aper. 
Sues.     De  remanentibus  iii  sues.  Summa  iii.  Et  remanent  iii  sues. 
Porci.     De  remanentibus  lix  porci,  et  de  1  adjunctis  et  de  i  pro- 

veniente  de  streyra.  Summa  v  x. 

De  quibus,  in  morina  ii,  et  venditi  celerario  x,  et  pro  lardario  i, 
et  in  venditione  ut  infra  xxxii.  Item  iii  immundi,  et  ad  coquinam 
domini  ii.     Summa  1.     Et  remanent  Ix  porci. 

PoreuUi.     De  remanentibus  Iiii  porcuUi.     De  quibus  in  morina 
iii,  et  adjuncti  superius  cum  porcis  1.     Et  seque. 

'  "  iiii  d."  is  written  in  tlie  margin. 

68 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WLSTOWE. 

XX 

Porcelli.     Idem  respondet  de  iiii  de  exitu.     De  quibus  missi  ad 
coquinam  domini  xxxvii ;  et  in  expensis  seneschalli 
ad  curiam  autumpni  i.     In  morina  i.     Summa  xxxix.     Et  rema- 
nent xli  porcelli. 

Pernfe.     Idem  respondet  de  ii  pernis  de  exitu  i  porci  superius 
mactati  ad  lardarium.     De  quibus  in  expensis  domorum 
in  autumpno  ii  pernae.     Et  seque. 

Aucse.     De  remanentibus  v  aucfe ;  et  de  xxx  de  exitu ;  et  de  vi 
de  emptione.  Summa  xli. 

De  quibus  missse  ad  coquinam  domini,  xii  aucse ;  celerario  x  per 
talliam ;  et  in  bracino  et  pistrino,  iii ;  et  in  expensis  ad  curiam  au- 
tumpni, ii  aucse  per  talliam ;  et  in  expensis  ad  ii  precarias  caru- 
carum,  ii  per  talliam ;  et  in  expensis  domorum  in  autumpno,  ii 
aucse ;  et  in  expensis  pro  i  precaria  autumpni,  ii  per  talliam  ;  et 
super  compotum. 

Summa  xxxv.     Et  remanent  vi  auca?  quarum  i  anser.^ 

Anates.     De  remanentibus  xii  anates  unde  v  errarii ;  et  de  xxv 
de  exitu.  Summa  xxxvii. 

De  quibus  in  morina,  ix ;  et  missi  ad  coquinam  domini,  iii ;  et 
super  compotum,  xix ;  et  remanent  vi  anates  unde  iii  eir7 

Summa  xxxi. 

Capones.  De  redditu  Roberti  Barker  loco  Johannis  Maugere  et 
Thomse  Olyncei'e  pro  i  funario  posito  in  communa,  ii ; 
et  de  i  de  redditu  Roberti  Mice  pro  eodem  ;  et  de  i  de  chevagio 
Thomse  Catelyne  pro  licentia  manendi  extra.  De  facturis  nichil 
hoc  anno.  Summa  iiii.  De  quibus  super  compotum  i.  Summa  i. 
Et  remanent  iii  capones. 

Gallinse.  De  remanentibus  vii  gallinse  quarum  i  gallus ;  et  de  lix 
gallinis  receptis  de  xxiiii  virgatis  dimidia  in  opere  et 
censu,  de  quolibet  ii  gallinae,  v  cotmannis  in  opere  et  censu,  iii  hide- 
mannis  in  opere,  de  quolibet  i  gallina,  et  ii  dimidiis  coterellis,  i  gal- 
lina,  deductis  virgatis  officiariorum  et  existentibus  in  manu  domini 
ut  supra  inter  avenam,  vii  cotmannis  impotentibus  et  existentibus 
in  manu  domini  et  ii  hidemannis  in  manu  domini;  et  de  xii  de 
emptione.  Summa  Ixxviii. 

De  quibus  missse  celerario  Ixvi,  et  ad  coquinam  domini  iiii.  Et 
remanent  viii  gallinse  quarum  i  gallus. 

Pulcini.^     De  exitu  xxiiii  hoc  anno  et  de  xxiiii  de  emptione.    De 

1  "vi  d."  is  written  in  the  margin.  ^  "xix  rf.''  is  written  in  the  margin. 

'  "ii  s."  is  written  in  the  margin. 

69 


APPENDIX. 

quibus  in  expensis  seneschalli  ad  curiam  autumpni,  vi ;  et  missi 

ad  coquinam  domini,  xviii ;  et  super  compotum  xxiiii.  Et  seque. 

c 

Ova.     Idem  respondet  de  cc  ovis  de  exitu ;  et  de  viii  x  ovis  de 

redditu  dictarum  xxiiii  virgatarum  dimidia  in  opere  et 

censu,  V  cotmannorum,  iii  hidemannorum  et  ii  dimidiorum  coterel- 

lorum,  de  quolibet  virgatario  xl  ova,  cotmanno  et  hidraanno  x  ova  et 

coterello  v  ova,  deductis  ofl&ciariis  et  censuariis  impotentibus  et  ex- 

c 
istentibus  in  manu  domini  ut  supra  inter  gallinas ;  et  de  ix  de  emp- 

C      XX 

tione.  Summa  m  ix  v  x  ova. 

De  quibus  missa  ad  coquinam  domini  ccc,  et  celerario  Mdcc.  Et 
nichil  remanet. 

Volatus.-  De  quo  nichil  hie  hoc  anno  ut  testatur  ballivus  pro 
deffectu  tenentium. 

XX 

Casei.  Idem  respondet  de  iiii  vi  caseis  de  remanentibus ;  et  de 
XXV  caseis  de  relucro ;  dt  de  cxx  caseis  de  exitu  a  primo 
die  May  usque  festum  sancti  Michaelis.  Summa  ccxi. 

De  quibus  missi  celerario  ponderis  i  pensse  per  talliam  xliii  una 
forma;  et  in  expensis  ad  precarias  carucarum  per  talliam,  xii  casei ; 
et  in  expensis  domorum  in  autumpno,  ix  ringse  (?)  per  talliam  ;  et 
in  expensis  ad  ii  precarias  autumpni,  viii  casei  per  talliam  ;  et  in 
venditione  ut  infra,  xliii  casei  ponderis  i  pond  ;  et  super  compotum, 

XX  XX 

XX  :  et  remanent  v  xvii  casei  unde  iiii  iii  de  maiore  forma. 

Butirum.     Idem  respondet  de  vi  lagenis  et  dimidia  butiris  de 
factura  hoc  anno.     De  quibus  computat  in  exitu  do- 
morum in  autumpno  dimidiam  lagenam  et  mixtas  pro  bitumineiii 
lagenas  dimidiam ;  et  in   venditione  ut  infra,  ii  lagenas  dimidiam. 

Et  nichil  remanet. 

c 

Opera  hyemalia.  Idem  respondet  de  m  vii  Ixvii  operibus  recep- 
tis  de  xxi  virgatis  dimidia  in  opere  a  die  Martis 
in  festo  sancti  Michaelis  usque  festum  Pentecostie  contingentera  hoc 
anno  xvi  die  mail  per  xxxii  septimanas,  v  dies  quorum  ii  operabiles, 
de  quolibet  virgatario  per'septimanam  iii  opera  diebus  Luna^,  ISIar- 
tis  et  Mercurii,  deductis  officiariis  et  censuariis  ut  supra  inter 
avenam ;  et  de  xliii  operibus  receptis  de  prredictis  xxi  virgatis  di- 
midia pro  ii  diebus  .lovis  contra  festum  Natalis  Domini  et  Paschae ; 
et  de  Ixvi  operibus  receptis  de  ii  cotmannis  in  opere  per  idem  tem- 

^   "iii  s.  iiii  (/."  is  written  in  the  margin. 
70 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

pus,  de  quolibet  per  septimanam  i  opus,  videlicet  diebus  Luna3,  sine 
allocantia  alicujus  festi,  deductis  officiariis  et  censuariis  ut  supra 
inter  gallinas.  Summa  Mdcclvi. 

De  quibus  allocantur  prasdictis  xxi  virgatis  dimidiee  pro  xv  die- 

XX 

bus  festis  contingentibus  hoc  anno  infra  preedictum  tempus,  cc  iiii 
ii  opera  dimidium ;  et  eisdem  pro  foddercorn  et  maltsilver,  Ixiiii 
opera  dimidium,  cuilibet  iii  opera ;  et  eisdem  pro  argento  vineae, 
xxi  opera  dimidium ;  et  Willelmo  Haukyn  semivirgatario  aegroto 
per  V  septimanas,  vii  opera  dimidium  ;  et  in  blado  dominicse  tri- 
turando,  cxvii  opera ;  fimo  coopertori  super  tassos  pisarum  et  super 
grangiam,  Iii  opera;  et  in  stipula  falcanda,  xlvii  opera;  et  in  eadem 
coUigenda,  xl  opera  ;  et  in  carucis  tenendis  et  fugandis,  v  opera ;  et 
in  blado  ventilando,  xlii  opera  ;  et  in  terra  hercianda,  xxxiiii  opera ; 
et  in  muro  ponefaldfe  reparando,  v  opera ;  et  in  ii  axationibus  carec- 
tarum,  ii  opera;  et  in  spinis  prosternendis  et  haiis  faciendis  circa 
bladum  domini  in  campis  per  loca  diversa  propter  conculcationem 
bestiarum,  xiii  opera;  et  in  marlo  cariando,  viii  opera;  et  apud 
Hideky,  Ixi  opera  per  talliam.     Item  in  trituratione  bladi  dominicfe, 

C  XX  .     .         .         , 

vii  iiii  i  opera ;  et  in  sepibus  faciendis  circa  copicia  in  bosco,  xxxv 
opera;  et  in  marlo  cariando,  Iv  opera;  et  in  terra  hercianda  tem- 
pore seminis  Quadragesimse,  cclii  opera ;  et  in  .  .  .  .^  coopertoris,  xi 
opera ;  et  in  blado  ventilando,  vii  opera ;  et  in  reparatione  et  emen- 
datione  carpentarii  carucarum  et  carectarum  per  vices,  xv  opera ; 
et  missa  apud  Rameseiam  per  talliam  contra  subcelerarium,  xix 
opera.  Summa  qu£e  supra ;  et  leque. 

c    XX 

Opera  a3stivalia.  Idem  respond  et  de  v  v  ix  operibus  dimidio 
receptis  de  prtedictis  xxi  virgatis  dimidia  a 
festo  Pentecostse  usque  Gulam  Augusti  per  xi  septimanas  de  quoli- 
bet (sic)  per  septimanam  iii  opera,  deductis  officiariis  et  censuariis  ut 
supra  inter  yemalia ;  et  de  xxi  operibus  dimidio  receptis  de  eisdem 
pro  i  die  Jovis  ante  festum  sancti  Benedicti ;  et  de  xxii  operibus  re- 
ceptis de  prsedictis  ii  cotmannis  in  opere  per  idem  tempus,  de  quo- 
libet per  septimanam  i  opus,  deductis  censuariis  etc.  ut  supra  ibidem. 

Summa  dcxxxiii. 

De  quibus  allocantur  prsedictis  xxi  virgatis  dimidite  pro  iiii  die- 
bus  festis  contingentibus  infra  prtedictum  tempus  cum  septimana 

XX  XX 

Pentecostse,  iiii  vi  opera;  et  in  trituratione  bladi  dominicje,  iiii  viii 

1  The  word  written  here  in  the  MS.  is  not  clear ;  possibly  it  may  be  pvovidentia. 

71 


APPENDIX. 

opera  ;  et  in  .  .  .  .^  coopertoris,  xvii  opera ;  et  in  marlo  faciendo, 
xiiii ;  et  in  haiis  faciendis  circa  bladum  domini  apud  Briggedole 
propter  conculcationem  bestiarum,  xxvi  opera;  et  in  virgis  colli- 
gendis  pro  claiis  ad  faldam  faciendam,  xxiii ;  et  in  Iv  claiis  facien- 

XX 

dis  ad  faldam,  xi ;  et  in  sarculatione  bladi  dominicse,  v  xi ;  et  in 

XX 

falcatione  pratorum  domini,  iiii  vii ;  et  in  feno  faciendo,  Ixiiii ;  et 
in  fimis  cariandis,  xlv;  et  in  meremio  prosternendo  et  scapellando 
pro  carucis,  xvii ;  et  in  operatione  operis  lignei  molendini,  iiii  opera ; 
et  in  carucis  fugandis  et  tenendis,  v,  dimidiiim  ;  et  missa  apud 
Hideky,  xvii  per  talliam ;  et  in  venditione  ut  infra,  cxvii  opera, 
dimidium  :  pretium  operis,  oh.  qu.  Summa  quae  supra ;  et  seque. 
Opera  autumpnalia.  Idem  respondet  de  dcclxiii  operibus  recep- 
tis  de  prsedictis  xxi  virgatis  in  opere  a  Gula 
Augusti  usque  festum  Nativitatis  beatse  Marise  per  v  septimanas  iii 
dies  quorum  ii  operabiles,  de  quolibet  per  septimanam  viii  opera, 
videlicet  diebus  Luna?  ii,  Martis  i,  Mercurii  ii,  Jovis  i  et  Veneris  ii, 
deductis  officiariis  et  censuariis  etc.  ut  supra,  et  dimidia  virgata  ex- 
istente  in  manu  domini  a  Gula  Augusti  usque  festum  Michaelis  ;  et 
de  xxii  operibus  receptis  de  ii  cotmannis  in  opere  per  idem  tempus 
de  quolibet  per  septimanam  ii  opera,  diebus  Lunse  et  Mercurii,  de- 
ductis censuariis  et  existentibus  in  manu  domini  ut  supra ;  et  de 
xviii  operibus  receptis  de  iii  hidemannis  in  opere  per  idem  tempus, 

XX 

de  quolibet  dimidium.  Summa  dec  v  iii. 

De  quibus  allocantur  preedictis  xxi  virgatis  per  ii  dies  festos  con- 
tingentes  diebus  Martis  infra  prisdictum  tempus  xlii  opera ;  et  in 

c   XX 

diversis  bladis  dominicas  metendis,  ligandis  et  adjuvandis,  v  v  xv 
opera,  dimidium  ;  et  in  venditione  ut  infra,  clxv  opera,  dimidium  : 

XX 

pretium  operis,  i  d.  oh.  Summa  dec  v  iii. 

Opera  post  autumpnum.  Idem  respondet  de  clxix  operibus  re- 
ceptis de  praedictis  xxi  virgatis  in  opere 
a  festo  Nativitatis  beatre'  usque  festum  Michaelis  per  iii  septimanas, 
de  quolibet  per  septimanam  iii  opera,  diebus  Lunae,  Martis  et  Mer- 
curii, deductis  officiariis  et  censuariis  ut  supra ;  et  de  vi  operibus  re- 
ceptis de  ii  cotmannis  in  opere  per  idem,  de  quolibet  per  septi- 
manam i  opus  ;  et  de  ix  operibus  receptis  de  iii  hidemannis  in 
opere  per  idem  tempus,  de  quolibet  per  septimanam  i  opus. 

XX 

Summa  c  iiii  iiii. 


1  See  note  above.  ^  Marwe  omitted. 

72 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

De  quibiis  allocantur  prfedictis  xxi  virgatis  pro  iii  diebus  fcstis 
Ixiii  opera ;  et  in  calinatione  et  collectione  stipulse,  xxxix ;  et  in 

XX 

venditione  ut  infra,  v  ii  opera :  pretium  operis,  i  d. 

Sum  ma  quae  supra, 

Wistowe/  anno  iii  Ricardi  abbatis.  Compotus  inter  W.  Waryn 
pra3positum  ibidem  et  Thomam  Randolf  bedellum  ibidem  usque 
festum  Pentecostie.  Idem  Thomas  oneratur  de  iiii  s.  vi  d.  de  red- 
ditu  termino  Michaelis ;  et  de  ix  s.  viii  d.  qu.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis 
terminis  Andrese,  Annunciationis,  vi  s.  xi  d.  ob.,  ii  s.  viii  d.  oh. ;  et 
de  viii  d.  de  Wartepenys  termino  Martini,  et  de  xxi  s.  vii  d.  de 
hewschire  terminis  Andrea  et  Annunciationis  quolibet  termino  iiii 
d.  de  quolibet  virgatario ;  et  de  xiii  s.  vi  d.  oh.  de  maltsilver  terrnino 
Natalis  Domini ;  et  de  ii  s.  iii  d.  de  argento  vine^e  termino  Annun- 
ciationis ;  et  de  xvi  d.  de  fischsilver  eodem  termino  ;  et  de  iii  s.  ix 
d.  qu.  de  redditu  Clervaux  termino  Annunciationis.  De  wether- 
silver  nichil  quia  terminum  sancti  Benedicti.  De  hangerlonge 
nichil  quia  terminum  ISI  ativitatis  beat©  Maria.  De  censuariis  nichil 
quia  collectum  prsepositum  {sic).  Sum  ma  Ivii  s.  iii  d.  oh.  qu. 

De  perquisitis  lets?  Ivi  s.  x  d.     Summa  totalis  cxiii  s.  i  d.  oh.  qu. 

De  quibus  in  allocantia  pro  auxilio  vicecomitis  pro  x  virgatariis, 

ii  iii  iiii  i 

akermannis,  ad  censum,  impotentibus  et  in  manu  domini,  terminis 
Andrese  et  Annunciationis,  iii  s.  iiii  d. ;  et  ii  d.  oh.  pro  wartepenys 
termino  Martini ;  et  de  vii  s.  iiii  d.  pro  heweschire  pro  x  virgatis  in 
manu  etc.  terminis  Andrese  et  Annunciationis ;  et  de  iiii  s.  vii  d.  pro 
eisdem  pro  maltsilver  termino  Natalis  Domini. 

Summa  xv  s.  v  d.  oh. 

Remanent  iiii  Ii.  xvii  s.  viii  d.  qu.  unde  liberati  prseposito  per 
talliam  ix. 

Wistowe  anno  supradicto.  W.  Benet  bedellus  post  ipsum  usque 
festum  Michaelis  oneratur  de  vi  s.  vii  d.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  ter- 
mino J.  Baptistse;  et  de  x  s.  v  d.  de  hewschire  termino  Benedicti; 
et  de  oh.  qu.  de  redditu  Clerevaux  termino  Benedicti ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii 
d.  oh.  de  wethersilver  termino  Benedicti.  De  hangerlond'  termino 
Nativitatis  sanctse  Marise,  iiii  d.  De  operibus  venditis  tempore  suo 
xl  s.  iii  d.  De  perquisitis  curias  autumpni,  xxvi  s.  i  d.  De  ger- 
sumis  nichil  quia  prsepositum  {sic).  De  notesilver  termino  Decol- 
lationis  sancti  Johannis,  iii  d.  oh.  qu.     Summa  iiii  Ii.  x  s.  ii  d.     De 


What  follows  is  on  a  small  piece  of  parchment  attached  to  the  roll. 

73 


APPENDIX. 

quibus  allocantur  pro  auxilio  vicecomitis  termino  J.  Baptista3  xx 
d. ;  et  iii  s.  viii  d.  pro  liewschire  termino  Benedict! ;  et  xiii  d.  oh.  qu. 
pro  wethersilver  termino  Benedicti,  vi  s.  v  d.  oh.  qu.  Remanent  iiii 
li.  iii  s.  viii  d.  qu. 

X. 

WisTOWE,  1368.^ 

[Wystojwe.  Compotus  Willelmi  Benet  prsepositi  ibidem  a  festo 
sancti  Michaelis  anno  domini  Ricardi  abbatis  xix  usque  vigiliam 
sancti  Michaelis  .  .  .  .^  proximam  sequentem  per  annum' 

Idem  respondet  de  xxxii  li.  xix  s.  ii  d.  qu.  iii  qu.  i  qu.^  de  arrera- 
giis  ultimi  compoti  sui  de  anno  proximo  prsecedente.  Unde  super 
Johannem  Brommote  bedellum  v  d.  anno  prsecedente,  vii  li.  v  s.  xi 
d.  oh.  qu.,  iii  qu.  i  qu.  .  .  .  computat  xxv  li.  xiii  s.  iii  d.  oh. 

Summa  xxxii  li.  xix  s.  ii  d.  qu.,  iii  qu.  i  qu. 

Idem  respondet  .  .  .  s.  vi  d.  de  redditu  termino  Michaelis ;  et  de 
xiii  s.  i  d.  oh.  de  auxilio  vicecomitis  .  .  .  xxvi  virgatis  i  qu.  in  opere 
et  censu,  de  virgata  vi  d.  termino  Martini,  ii  d.  oh.  .  .  .  ii  d.  oh.  Bar- 
tholomeo  deducto  ut  in  kalendario  ;  et  de  xxvi  s.  iii  d.  de  heuschire 
proveniente  de  eisdem  custumariis,  de  virgata  xii  d.  terminis  An- 
drea?, Annunciationis  et  sancti  Benedicti  .  .  .  kalendario ;  et  de  x  s. 
xi  d.  qu.  de  maltsilver  proveniente  de  eisdem  custumariis,  de  vir- 
gata V  d.,  termino  Natalis  Domini  deducto  ut  in  kalendario  ;  et  de 
xi  s.  de  redditu  terrse  Walteri  de  Graf  ham  terminis  Andrese  et  sancti 
Benedicti ;  et  de  xvi  d.  de  fisschsilver  termino  Annunciationis ;  et 
de  xix  d.  de  argento  vinese  proveniente  [de]  xix  virgatis  in  opere 
.  .  .  li.  id.;  et  de  iii  s.  x  d.  de  redditu  terra  Clerevaux  terminis 
Annunciationis  et  sancti  Benedicti.  De  i  acra  dimidia  hangylondi 
quie  reddit  solutum  xii  d.  quando  seminatur,  hoc  anno  seminatur, 
xi  d.  .  .  .  de  xxiii  d.  oh.  qu.  de  wethersilver  proveniente  de  xix  vir- 
gatis in  opere,  de  virgata  i  d.  qu,.,  termino  sancti  Benedicti. 

Summa  Ixxv  s.  vi  d.  oh. 

....  terrffi  dominicse.     De  liiii  acris  terra?  dominicse  in  le  Stok- 

kinge  dimissis  Elemosinario   Rameseise 

xxi  acrse 

et  iiii  hominibus  de  Bury,  acra  pro  x  (/.,  terminis  Annunciationis  et 
Assumptionis  beataj  Marise,  xlv  s. ;    [de]   iii   acris  dimidia  terrjB 

'  Public  Eecord  Office,  Ministers'  Accounts,  885/33. 
^  The  word  following  Michaelis  is  much  stained. 
*  i.e.,  f  of  a  farthing. 

74 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

dominicas  in  le  Brache  dimissis  Willelmo  Aubyn  et  sociis  suis  ad 
terminum  xl  annorum,  hoc  anno  v*",  acra  pro  x  cL,  xxviii  s.  x  d. 
eisdem  terrain  is ;  de  ix  acris,  dimidia,  [domini]cfe  apud  Bisshopes- 
wong  dimissis  Willelmo  Neweman  et  Willelmo  de  Broughtone  ad 
terminum  x  annorum,  hoc  anno  iiii*",  acra  pro  viii  d.,  vi  s.  iiii  d. 
eisdem  terminis  ....  Taillour  pro  iii  rodis  terrpe  dominical  apud 
Linnleclayhill,  eidem  dimissis  ad  terminum  vitse  suae,  xii  d.  eisdem 
terminis ;  de  i  placia  vocata  Feypigthel  cum  prato  adjacente  .... 
acris  iii  rodis  dimidia  dimissis  Willelmo  Neweman  de  Bury  ad  ter- 
minum XX  annorum,  hoc  anno  iii",  acra  pro  xiiii  d.,  vi  s.  x  d.  qu. 
eisdem  terminis ;  de  i  .  .  .  .  dominic?e  apud  Berne  Wellishalfe 
dimiss'  Johanni  Grene  ad  terminum  vitae  sua?,  x  d.  eisdem  terminis ; 
de  xxxvi  acris,  ii  rodis  dimidia  terrse  dominicse  apud  Kingeslonde 
dimissis  ....  ay  lie  et  sociis  suis  ad  terminum  xx  annorum,  hoc 
anno  ii",  acra  pro  x  rf.,  xxx  s.  vi  d.  qu.  eisdem  terminis  ;  de  Willelmo 
Waryn  pro  iii  acris  dimidia  terrae  dominicse  vocatis  .  .  .  . ;  [de] 
Johannis  Ivessone  iii  acris  dimidia  terrse  dominicse  apud  Buryston 
et  Watirlonde,  et  Ricardo  Wodekoc  pro  ii  acris  i  roda  terrse  dominicse 
apud  Houndhegge  et  Long  .  .  .  o  dimissis  eidem  ad  terminum 
vitae,  acra  pro  xvi  d.,  xii  s.  iiii  d.  De  firma  i  molendini  ventritici 
dimissi  hoc  anno  ad  iiii  terminos  xlii  s.  Item  oneratur  de  iiii  s.  de 
firma  ejusdem  omissis  anno  praecedente. 

Summa  viii  Ii.  xiii  s.  vii  d.  oh.     Item  iiii  s. 

De  Roberto  Cotes  pro  custodia  quondam^  Andrew  Parys  usque  ad 
legitimam  aetatem  heredis  x  s.  Summa  x  s. 

.  .  .  .  et  arrentationes.  De  vii  virgatis  i  quartario  ad  censum, 
virgata  pro  xiii  s.  iiii  d.,  terminis  Annun- 
ciationis  et  Nativitatis  beatse  Mariae,  iiii  U.  xvi  s.  vii  d.  De  dimidia 
virgata  arrentata  Johanni  Ivesson  eisdem  terminis,  xii  s.  De  di- 
midia virgata  arrentata  Roberto  Coulere  eisdem  terminis,  ix  s.  De 
i  virgata  terrae  arrentata  Isoldae  Grimbaldi  eisdem  terminis,  viii  s., 
in  anno  sequente  arrentata  quibusdam  de  customariis  domini  pro 
XX  ...  .  [de  Stjephano  H3'the  loco  Johannis  filii  Ricardi  pro  i 
quartario  terrae  arrentato  eisdem  terminis,  iiii  s. ;  de  Radulfo  Sabyn 
et  Johanne  Grigge  loco  Johannis  Wrighte  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrae 
arrentata  ....  iiii  d. ;  de  viii  cotlandis  ad  opus  pro  iiii  s.  et  i  cot- 
lando  ut  patet  in  kalendario,  xxx  vii  s.  vi  d. ;  de  i  cotlando  arrentato 
Johanni  Ivesson  eisdem  terminis,  iiii  s. ;  de  i  semicotlundo  arren- 

'  Some  words  are  inserted  in  very  faint  ink  ;  perhaps  vel  de  cetero  quia  jyro  .... 

75 


APPENDIX. 


tato  Willelmo  Flexman  .  .  .  .  xii  d. ;  de  v  hidmannis  in  opere,  de 
quolibet  xii  d.,  v  s.  eisdem  terminis ;  de  Stephano  Ailmar  pro  i 
messuagio  et  vi  acris  terne  sibi  arrentatis  ad  terminum  vitse  [suae]. 

Summa  ix  li.  xvii  s.  vi  d. 

[De]  ....  iiii  operibus  yemalibus  dimidio  venditis  ad  ob.,  xiii 

s.  iiii  d.  qic;  et  de  v  vi  operibus  testivalibus  venditis  ad  oh.  qu.,  vi  s. 
vii  d.  ob.;  et  de  cc  .  .  .  .  operibus  autumpnalibus  venditis  ad  i  d. 
ob.,  xxxii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  de  ix  operibus  post  autumpnum,  dimidio,  ven- 
ditis ad  i  d.,  ix  d.  ob.  Summa  Iiii  s.  iii  d.  qu. 
[Venjditio  stauri.  De  i  bove  vendito  celerario,  xiii  s.  iiii  c^. ;  et  de 
i  vitulo  superannato  vendito  eidem,  v  s. ;  etin 
X  multonibus  de  exitu  venditis  eidem  ad  xviii  d.,  xv  s.;  [et]  in  ix 
porcis  venditis  eidem,  xviii  .s. ;  et  de  xx  porcis  in  paribus  venditis 
ad  ii  s.  V  d.,  Is.;  et  de  iii  gallinis  dimidia  venditis  viii  d.  ob.  qu. 

Summa  cii  s.  ob.  qu. 


XIX  s. 


[De]  ....  [pe]llibus  lanutis  unde  xxxviii  ad  vi  d., 

ii  s.  ix.  d.         XV  s.  .  

xi  ad  iii  d.,  xxxi  et  ix  pelletteriis  venditis  ad  iiii  d.  ob., 
xxxvi  s.  ix  d. ;  et  Iii  pelletteriis  et  xii  pelliculis  venditis  in  grosso, 
xix  d. ;  de  firma  viii  vaccarum  vitulantium  boc  anno  nichil  quia 
vaccse  remissee  sunt  in  mariscum  de  pr^cepto  seneseballi  statim 
post  vitulationem  ....  omnium  matriciura  etpannagio  porcorum, 
agistamento  in  bosco  nichil  accidit;  de  feno  vendito  ut  patet  per 
parcellas,  xlix  s.  ii  d. ;  de  subbosco  v  rodarum  dimidia^  vendito, 

xiii  s.  vii  d aldres,  (sic)  mortua  busca  et  veteribus  haiis 

nichil  accidit ;  de  roweres  venditis  nichil  hoc  anno;  de  loppis  et 
escffitis  arborum  nichil  accidit;  de  proficuo  i  [col]umbarii  per 
annum,  vi  s.  viii  d. ;  de  superiore  mola  usitata,  xii  d. ;  de  notesilver, 
ad  quod  quilibet  virgatarius  in  opere  reddit  solutum  i  d.  ob.  quando 
plenitudo  nucium  fuit,  nichil  hoc  anno  quia  nulla?  nuces ;  de  stipu- 
lis  venditis,  ii  s.  ;  de  fructu  gardini  et  thensut'  nichil  accidit ;  de 
Thoma  Lye  pro  i  placia  de  tenemento  vacuo'  sibi  dimissa  hoc  anno, 
vi  d. ;  et  de  cc  ovis  venditis,  xii  d.  Summa  cxii  s.  v  d.  ob. 

Perquisita  curia  cum   ....     De  perquisitis  i  lette  tent£e  hoc 

anno,  Ivi  s.  xi  d. ;  de  perquisitis 
curiae  autumpni,  xix  s. ;  de  diversis  gersumis  factis  hoc  anno,  Ixxiii 
s.  viii  d.  Summa  vii  li.  ix  s.  vii  d. 


'  De  ten^  va£  is  the  manuscript  form. 
76 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Idem  respondet  de  xv  s.  iii  d.  oh.  de  diversis  rebus  venditis  super 
compotum  ut  patet  extra.  Summa  xv  s.  iii  d.  oh. 

Summa  totalis  receptarum  cum  arreragiis  Ixxvii  li.  viii  a.  vi  d.  qu., 

iii  qn.  i  qu.     Item  iiii  s.  de  molendino  omissis  anno  pr£ecedente. 

Resolutio  redditus.    Idem  computat  resolutos  manerio  de  Upwode 

termino  Michaelis,  ii  s.  ii  d.  qu. ;  'et  Willelmo 

de  Broughtone,  viii  d. ;  et  Thomas  Gosselyn,  viii  d.  termino  Michaelis. 

Summa  iii  s.  vi  d.  qu. 
....  De  denariis  liberatis  celerario  pro  firma  sua  hoc  anno, 
xxxvi  s.  iiii  d. ;  et  eidem  sine  tallia  de  x  multonibus  ven- 
ditis eidem  de  xviii  d.,  xv  s. ;  de  stauro,  x  auca?,  Ixiiii  gallinse,  m 
ova ;  et  liberati  capellanis  domini,  iii  s. ;  et  subcelerario  pro  opere 
vineffi,  ii  s.  iii  d. ;  et  in  sartrino  pro  filo,  vii  d.  oh. ;  et  in  bracino  pro 
candellis,  vi  d. ;  et  receptori  conventus  pro  medow,  vi  s. 

Summa  Ixiii  s.  viii  d.  oh. 
....  carucarum.  In  ferro  empto  pro  ferramentis  iii  carucarum 
per  annum  unde  i  levatur  de  equis  carec- 
tarum,  vii  s.  vii  d. ;  et  in  iii,  dimidia,  garbis  asseris  emptis,  ii  s.  xi  d. ; 
et  soluti  fabro  pro  dictis  ferramentis  fabricandis  et  reparandis  per 
annum,  ix  s.  xi  d.;  et  soluti  carpentario  pro  opere  ligandi  carucas 
per  annum,  iii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  in  iii  capistris  emptis  pro  aftris,  ii  d. ;  et 
in  ferro  empto  pro  hokis,  haspis,  slingis,  et  cappingis  ad  carucas, 
xvi  d. ;  et  soluti  fabro  pro  factura  iii  ploucloutis,  iii  d. 

Summa  xxv  s.  viii  d. 
[Prejcarise  carucarum.  In  expensis  ad  iii  precarias  carucarum 
quarum  prima  de  xx  carucis,  secunda  de 
xxi  et  tertia  de  xxi,  quselibet  caruca  cum  iii  hominibus  prseter  famu- 
los  et  alios  capientibus  cibum  sufficientem  et  non  ad  assisam,  xix 
s.  ii  d. ;  de  stauro,  i  qu.,  iiii  hu.  cum  i  .  .  .  .'  frumenti  ex  gratia,  iii 
qu.  brasei,  drageti,  i  auca.  Summa  xix  s.  ii  d. 

.  .  .  .  et  staurum.     In  xv  qu.  frumenti  emptis  unde  x  qu.  empta 
ad  V  s.  et  V  qu.  empta  ad  v  s.  iiii  d.,  Ixxvi  s. 
viii  d. ;  et  in  xv  anseribus  emptis,  v  s. ;  et  in  vii  caponibus  emptis, 
ii  s.  iiii  d.  Summa  iiii  li.  iiii  s. 

Custus  carectarum  cum  ferruris  equorum.     In  ii  paribus  rotarum 

emptis  pro  fimo,"  xii 
s.  vi  d. ;  et  in  vi  clutis  emptis  pro  magna  carecta,  xvi  d. ;  et  in  xxiiii 

c 

minoribus  clutis  emptis,  iii  s. ;  et  in  v  brod.  .  .  dimidio  emptis,  xx  d. ; 

1  Antaclo?  *  Or  frumento? 

77 


APPENDIX. 

et  in  imcto  empto  pro  carectis  unguendis  preeter  staurura,  ii  s. ;  et 
in  iii  paribus  trahicium  emptis,  ii  s.  :k  d.;  et  in  ii  coleriis  emptis,  ii 
s.  vi  d. ;  et  in  corio  tannato  empto  pro  pipis,  bacropis  et  aliis  .  .  .  } 
ad  carectas  ii  s. ;  et  in  i  kippelyne  de  v  tensis,  iii  d. ;  et  in  stipendio  i 
carpentarii  facientis  i  cartebo  ....  per  iiii  dies,  xvi  d. ;  et  eidem 
axautionibus^  iii  carectas,  yd.;  et  in  ulna  de  cavenate  erapta  pro 
hernesio,  iiii  d.  oh. ;  et  in  filo  empto  ad  idem,  ii  d. ;  et  in  i  corio 
equino  empto  pro  bernesio,  xix  d.;  et  soluti  pro  ferruris  v  equorum 
carectarum  per  annum  in  omnibus  pedibus,  et  vi  equi  (sic)  a  festo 
sancti  Michaelis  usque  festum  Purificationis,  et  iii  affrorum  per 
annum  in  pedibus  anterioribus,  pro  equo  xx  d.,  et  affro  x  d.,  xii  s. 
ii  f/.  Summa  xliiii  s.  i  d.  oh. 

Custus  domorum  et  molendinorum.      In  stipendio  i  coopertoris 

cooperientis  super  bove- 
rium,  malthous,  grangiam  et  porticum  granarii  per  x  dies,  ii  s.  vi 
d. ;  et  in  ferro  empto  pro  vii  vinculis  pro  le  seilyerd,  xiiii  d. ;  et  in 
stipendio  fabri  pro  eisdem  faciendis  et  clavis  pro  eisdem  de  ferro 
domini,  ix  d. ;  et  in  stipendio  carpentarii  imponentis  prsedictam 
seilyerde,  ii  s. ;  et  in  sploutis,  barris  et  uppelong  emptis,  ii  s.\d.\ 
et  in  Ix  clavis  emptis  pro  eisdem,  iii  d.  Summa  viii  s.  ix  d. 

[Cu]stus  bidentum.  In  v  lagenis  butiri  emptis,  iiii  s.,  et  in  ii 
lagenis  dimidia  uncti  emptis  ad  miscuram 
cum  eodem,  iii  s.  iiii  d. ;  et  in  tarpit,  viii  lb.,  empto  pro  bidentibus 
signandis,  viii  d.  et  in  dimidia  Ih.  candellarum  empta  pro  bercario 
tempore  agnorum,  i  d.  oh. ;  et  soluti  customariis  domini  lavantibus 
et  tondentibus  bidentes  domini  ex  tonsura,  viii  d. ;  et  in  batellagio 
bidentum  domini  in  mariscum  ct  extra,  xvi  d. 

Summa  x  .s.  i  d.  oh. 

Expensce  minute.  In  parcameno,  iii  d. ;  et  in  v  hu.  salis  emptis 
ad  x  d.,  iiii  s.  ii  d. ;  et  soluti  pro  dealbandis 
ii  coriis  equinis,  quorum  i  de  pullanis  de  equitio  domini  pro  her- 
nesio, xviii  d. ;  et  in  i  hop  empto  pro  i  cuva  cum  stipendio  cuparii, 
i  d.  oh. ;  et  in  semilon  de  straminc  empto,  v  d. ;  et  in  i  corbella  de 
stramine  empta,  viii  rf.;  et  pro  factura  ferramentorum  i  tribuli  de 
ferro  domini,  i  d. ;  et  in  plantis  et  })orrectis  emptis,  iiii  (/. ;  et  in  ii  Ih. 

XX 

candelge  emptis  pro  braseo  faciendo,  vi  d. ;  et  soluti  pro  siccandis  c  iiii 
xiiii  qu.,  iii  bu.  brasey,  pro  x  qu.  iii  d.,  v  s.  iiii  d.  ob. ;  et  in  stipendio 


The  word  is  illegible. 

Perhaps  another  word  for  axaiio,  the  .iuiietion  of  the  axle  with  the  wheel. 

78 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

i  coopertoris  cooperientis  tassis  pisarvim  per  iii  dies,  ix  d. ;  et  in  xxx 

virgis  grossi  panni  emptis  pro  i  paniio  ventilate  ad  iii  d.  oh.  qu.  in 

c 
toto  ob.,  ix  s.  iiii  d.;  et  in  vii  rosci  emptis  pro  coopertura,  vii  s. 

Sum  ma  xxiii  s.  vi  d.     Item  vii  s. 

Expenses  senescballi.     In  expensis  seneschalli  ad  letani  per  tal- 

liam,  vii  s.  ii  d. ;  de  stauro,  iiii  ho.  fru- 

menti,  vi  bu.  brasey,  ii  bu.  aveme,  i  multo,  ii  porcelli,  ii  aucse,  ii 

capones;  et  in  expensis  ejusdem  pro  manerio  supervidendo,  iii  s.  ii 

d.;  de  staiiro,  ii  6w.  avense,  i  auca,  ii  capones.     Summa  x  s.  iiii  d. 

Expensse  autumpni.     In  expensis  ballivi,  prsepositi,   bedelli  et 

coci  per  iiii  septimanas  in  autmnpno,  xi  s. 

v  d.  ob.,  i  qu.  ii  bu.  frumenti,  ii  qu.  iii  bu.  brasey,  ii  pernse,  ii  aucee ;  et 

in  iii  lb.  candelse  emptis  ix  d. ;  et  in  expensis  ad  precarias  in  au- 

XX  xviii 

tumpno  de  iiii  xi  operariis  prseter  famulos  et  alios  quorum  quilibet 

capit  i  panem  unde  viii  de  i  6w.,  et  .  .  .  .  singuli  ii,  i  ferculum  :  pre- 

tium,  i  d.,  et  i  .lescam  casei :  pretium,  oboii,  vi  s.  x  d. ;  de  stauro  i 

qu.  ii  bu.  frumenti,  i  qu.  brasey,  i  auca.  Summa  xix  s-.  ob. 

Vadia  ballivi.     In  vadiis  ballivi  per  annum  exceptis  iiii  septi- 

manis  in  autumpno,  capientis  per  septimanam 

xiiii  d,  Ivi  s.  ii  d.  Summa  Ivi  ?.  ii  d. 

Stipendia  famulorum.     In  stipendio  i  wodewardi  per  annum,  iiii 

s. ;  et  eidem  pro  roba  sua,  vi  s.  viii  d. ;  et 

in  stipendio  i  carectarii,  ii  carucariorum,  i  vaccarii,  i  bercarii,  i  por- 

carii  et  coci  per  annum,  cuilibet  vi  s.,  xlii  s.;  et  soluti  i  custodi  vi 

averiorum  in  marisco,  pro  capite  ii  d.,  xii  d. ;  et  in  oblatione  ballivi, 

ii  d.,  et  X  famulorum  ad  festa  Natalis  Domini  et  Pasclise,  xii  d. ;  et 

soluti  eisdem  pro  eorum  forthdrove,  ii  s. ;  et  dati  eisdem  de  prse- 

cepto  domini  per  ii  vices,  viii  d. ;  et  dati  eisdem  de  praecepto  fratris 

Henrici  de  Madd [ingle],  vi  .  .  .  .  et  eisdem  de  prsecepto  ejusdem, 

alia  vice,  iiii  d. ;  et  soluti  carectariis  quercini,  frumenti  et  aliorum 

victualiiim  apud  Therfeld  et  alibi  usque  Rameseiam,  per  vi  vices, 

xii  d. ;  et  in  stipendio  garcionis  bercarii  custodientis  bidentes  [in] 

marisco  hoc  anno,  xii  d.  Summa  Ix  s.  ii  d. 

[Tri]turatio  [et]  ventilatio.     In  trituratione  cxlvi  qu.  ii  bu.  ordei 

trituratorum  ad  tascham  sine  avan- 
tagio,  pro  quartario  iii  d.,  xii  s.  vi  d.  ob.  qu. ;  et  in  ventilatione  ccxl 
qu.  ii  bu.,  pro  iii  quartariis  i  d.  sine  avantagio,  vii  s.  ix  d. 

Summa  xlix  s.  iii  d.  ob.  qu. 
AUocantise.     In  allocantiis  redditus    assise   terrse  et  tenementi 
quondam  Andrese  Parys  quia  in  manu  domini  ra- 
79 


APPENDIX. 


tione  minoris  setatis  heredis,  nichil  de  cetero  quia  probavit  aetatem, 
iii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  x  d  ob.  de  redditu  Johannte  Clervaux  relaxato  per 
doniinuin  abbatem  pro  tota  vita  domini  abbatis. 

Summa  iiii  s.  iiii  d.  ob. 

Denarii  liberati.  Idem  computat  liberates  in  camera  domini 
fratri  Nicholao  de  Giddinge  receptori^  domini 
per  talliam,  xl  s. ;  et  eidem  per  manum  fratris  Henrici  de  Mad- 
dingle  sine  tallia,  Ixx  s. ;  et  eidem  de  arreragiis  suis  per  talliam  de 
anno  prtecedente,  cxii  s.  iii  d. ;  et  soluti  fratri  Henrico  de  Sawtre  de 
eisdem  per  talliam  levatam  anno  sequente,  xxx  s. ;  et  eidem  fratri 
Nicholao  per  i  talliam  levatam  anno  xvi  per  manum  elemosinarii 
unde  prius  non'  habuit  allocantiam,  xxvii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  eidem  fratri 
Nicholao  de  Giddinge  per  tallias  levatas  annis  xvii  et  xviii  per 
manum  ejusdem  elemosinarii  unde  prius  non  habuit  allocantiam, 
Iv  s.  Summa  xvi  li.  xiiii  s.  ix  d. 

Summa  totalis  expensarum  et  liberationum  xli  IL  iii  s.  viii  d.  ob. 
Debuntur  domino  xxxvi  li.  viii  s.  ix  d.  ob.  qu.  iii  qu.  i  qu. 

De  quibus  liberati  fratri  Henrico  de  Sawtre  receptori  domini  anno 
sequeute,  iii  s.  iiii  d.  de  arreragiis  sine  tallia ;  et  eidem  de  eisdem 
arreragiis,  xlviii  s.  sine  tallia ;  et  eidem  per  manum  Johannis  Bron- 
note  bedelli  sine  tallia,  xx  s.  ;  et  eidem  per  manum  ejusdem  per  iii 
vices,  xxx  s.  sine  tallia ;  et  eidem  de  feno  vendito  sine  talHa,  xx  s. ;  et 
eidem  de  arreragiis  propositi  per  manum  propositi,  xx  6\  sine  tallia ; 
et  eidem  de  eisdem  arreragiis  sine  tallia,  xiii  s.  iiii  d. ;  et  sic  debuntur 
domino,  xxviii  li.  xiiii  s.  i  d.  ob.  qu.  iii  qu.  i  qu.  De  quibus  liberati 
fratri  Nicholas  de  Giddinge  receptori  pro  firma  terrge  del  Stokkinge 
sine  tallia  per  manum  elemosinarii  et  per  medium  Johannis  Bron- 
note  bedelli,  ut  patet  in  papiro  recepto,  xxvii  s.  vi  d. ;  et  sic  debun- 
tur xxvii  li.  vi  s.  vii  d.  ob.  qu.  iii  qu.  i  qu.  unde  super  Johannem  Bron- 
note  bedellum,  ix  li.  xvi  s.  ii  d.  qu.  iii  qu.  i  qu. ;  et  super  ipsum  com- 
putantur  xvii  li.  x  s.  v  d  ob.  De  quibus  allocantiis  eidem  computan- 
tur  de  diversis  superonerationibus  et  de  i  allocantia  de  anno  prae- 
sente  et  anno  pra)cedente,  xx  s. ;  et  sic  debet  idem  propositus  xvi  li. 
X  s.  V  d.  ob. 

2 de  Maddingle ;  et  de  Ixxi  qu ballivum 

et  de  emptione  xv  .  .  .  .  de  grano  novo  .... 

XX 

Summa  iiii  x  qu.  vii  bu.  di. 


*  Or  receptarum  f  ^  In  dorso.     The  first  part  is  much  defaced. 

80 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

'.  .  .  .  layhille,  Eldernestube  et  Tonestoft  per  talliam  vi  qu.  v  hu. ; 
et  in  expensis  seneschalli  ad  letam  per  talliam  iiii  li. ;  et  in  expensis 
ad  iii  .  .  .  .  et  in  expensis  domorum  in  autumpno  i  qu.  ii  hu. ;  et 
ad  precarias  autumpni,  i  qu.  ii  hu. ;  et  liberata  clerico  pistrini  Rame- 
seise  per  talliam,  xl  qu.  ii  hu.  iii  peck. ;  et  in  anno  pra3[cedente]  xviii 
....  clerico  pistrini  per  aliam  talliam,  xv  qu. ;  et  in  frumento  re- 
laxato  Roberto  Randolfe  per  fratrem  Henricum  de  Maddingle  de 
vetere  debito,  i  qu.  i  hiL  Summa  quae  supra. 

XX 

^Idem  respondet  de  xx  qu.  v  hu.  de  vetere  grano  et  de  c  v  vii  qu. 
de  exitii  terrse  ad  tascham  (cvii  qii.  ii  hu.y  et  per  opera  per  talliam. 

Summa  ccvii  qu.  v  hu. 

Inde  in  semine  super  Hemplonde,  Kalve  Weye,  Oldebury,  Pide- 
leshille  et  Wulstony croft  per  talliam,  xxx  qu.  iii  hu. ;  et  in  ex- 

XX  , 

p *etin  braseo  fusendo  c  iiii  xiiii  qu.  iii  hu.  et  super  iii  hu. 

Summa  quae  supra. 

Fabae  et  pisae.^     De  remanentibus,  viii  qu,.  i  hu.  di. ;  et  de  vetere 

grano,  xix  qu.  iiii  hu. ;  et  de  xxxiii  qu.  iii  hu.  de 

exitu  .  .  .  per  opera  .  .  ,  .  xv  qu.     De  receptis  de  novo  grano,  iii 

qu.  V  hu.  i  peck.     Remanent  in  garbis,  per  aestimationem,  Ivi  qu.  de 

vetere  grano  de  .  .  .  .  Summa  Ixxix  qu.  v  hti.  di. 

Inde  in  semine  super  Kipperecroft,  Hasilholt,  Aillenemade, 
Smethescroftdole  et  Wouglond  per  talliam,  xxxi  qu.  ;  et  in  expensis 

ix 

pro  xi  porcis  impinguendis  pro  celerario,  lardario,  coquina  domini, 

Ixvi 

ii  qu.  vi  hu. ;  et  in  expensis  porcorum  campestrium  et  porcelloruni 

per  annum,  vi  qu.  iiii  hu. ;  et  liberata ;  et  inferius  cum 

avena,  ii  qu.  vii  hu. ;  et  in  expensis  pro  columbario  in  yeme,  ii  hu. ; 
et  in  expensis  equorum  carectarum  omnium  ....  et  in  liberatione 
famulorum  inferiorum,  xvii  qu.  iiii  hu.  iii  peck. 

Summa  qua3  supra. 
Avena."     De  remanente,  iiii  qu.  iii  hu.;  de  recepta  in  garbis  per 


'   "iii  qu.  i  bu"  is  written  in  the  margin. 

'  "...  X  qu.  plus  de  .  .  .  iii"  is  written  in  tlie  margin. 

'  Inserted  above  the  line. 

*  "xviii  d."  is  written  in  the  margin. 

^  ".   .  rim/.  V  bu.   .   .  .   minus  .   .   iiii  rf;."  is  written  in  tlie  margin. 

dimidia 

^  ".   .   ii  qu,.  yi  bu.   minus   semine  deducto  vi  acrarum  pro  decima  praepositi, 
dimidia 

bedelli, molendinarii  Kameseiae    ....  apud   Biging  hoc  anno"  is 

written  in  the  margin. 

6  81 


APPENDIX. 

festimationem  i  qu.  iiii  bu.;  et  de  xiii  qii.  i  bu.  de  foddercorn  pro- 
veniente  de  xvi.  .  .  virgatis,  iiii  bu.  deductis  ut  in  kalendario,  et 
recepta  de  pisis  superius  ii  qu.  vii  hu.  Suinma  xxi  qu.  vii  bic. 

Inde  in  semine  super  Chapeleynesbench  et  Smethescrofthirne  per 
talliam,  v  qu.  i  bu.  di. ;  et  in  prtebenda  equorum  seneschalli  et  .  .  .  . 
iiii  bu. ;  et  in  farrina  pro  potagio  famulorum,  ii  qu.  ii  bu. ;  et  in  prac- 
benda  equorum  carectarum  per  annum,  iiii  qu.  vii  bu. ;  et  in  expen- 
sis  .  .  .  .  equitio  domini,  i  qu.  iiii  bu. ;  et  liberata  clerico  pistrini 
Rameseiffi  per  talliam  cum  pisis,  ii  qtt.  iiii  bu. ;  et  in  expensis  ag- 
norum,  iii  bu. ;  et  super  compotum  iii  qu.      Summa  xx  qu.  vii  bu. 

Et  remanet  i  qu.  avenae  liberatum. 

XX 

Braseum.     De  remanente  xii  qu.  i  bu.  i  peck. ;  et  de  c  iiii  xiiii  qu. 
iii  bu.  de  factura  hoc  anno.     De  mixtura  .... 

XX 

Summa  c  v  vi  qu.  iiii  bu.  i  peck. 
Inde  in  expensis  seneschalli  ad  letam  per  talliam,  vi  bu. ;  et  in 
expensis  ad  precarias  carucarum,  iii  qu.  et  in  expensis  domorura  in 
...  ad  precarias  in  autumjjno,  i  qu.  et  liberata  clerico  pistrini  cxii 
qu.  V  bu.  di.  Summa  cxix  qn.  vii  bu.  di. 

XX 

Et  remanent  iiii  vi  qu.  iiii  bu.  iii  peck. 

Exitus  molendini.     Inde  nichil  hie  quia  infra  in  denariis. 
Liberationes  famulorum.     Idem  respondet  de  xviii  qu.  ii  bu.  iii 

jjeck.  frumenti  et  xvii  qu.  iiii  bu.  iii 
j)eck.  pisarum  receptis  de  blado  superius  pro  liberatione  famulorum. 

Summa  xxxv  qu.  vii  bu.  di. 
Inde  in  liberatione  i  wodewardi  per  annum,  quia  non  ad  mensam 
in  autumpno,  capientis  quartarium  per  x  septimanas,  v  qu.  i  bu.  di.; 
et  in  liberatione  i  carectarii,  ii  carucariorum,  i  .  .  .  .  et  coci  per 
annum,  exceptis  iiii  septimanis  in  autum2)no  pro  coco,  quilibet 
capit  quartarium  per  xii  septimanas,  xxx  qu.;  et  in  liberatione  gar- 
cionis  bercarii  ....  per  x xiiii  septimanas,  vi  bu.  frumenti. 

Summa  qu«  supra. 
Equi  carectarum.     De  remanentibus  vi.     Inde  in  morina  i,  testa 

tallia.     Et  remanent  V  equi. 
Affri.     De  remanentibus  iiii.     Et  remanent  iiii  affri. 
Boves.     De  remanentibus  xi.     De  adjunctione  i.     Summa  xii. 

Inde  in  venditione  celerario  i.     Et  remanent  xi  boves. 
Vacca?.     De  remanentibus  xiiii.    De  adjunctione  ii.    Summa  xvi. 

Et  remanent  xvi  vacca^  vendita>  anno  .  .  .  .  ii. 
Bovetti.     De  remanente  i,  et  adjungitur  cum  bobus  superius  ;  et 

ii 

ii  in  marisco  cum  vitulis  ....  remanent  .... 

82 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    AVISTOWE. 

Jnvencfe.     De  remaiitibus  ii,  et  adjunguntiir  cum  vaccis  superius^ 
Taurelli.     De  remanentibus  ii.     Et  remanent  ii  taurelli. 
Boviculi.     De  remanentibus  vi.     Et  remanent  vi  bovetti. 
Juvenculffi.     De  remanentibus  iii.     Et  remanent  iii  juvencfe. 
Vituli.     Superannati.     De  remanentibus  ii  mas.     Inde  in  vendi- 
tione  celerario  i.     Et  remanet  i  boviculus. 

Vituli.     De  remanentibus.     De  remanentibus  vi,  quorum  i  mas. 

Et  remanent  vi  vituli  superannati  quorum  i  mas. 
Vituli.     De  exitu.     De  exitu  viii,  et  non  plures,  quia  iii  vituli 
aborti  sunt  et  v  vaccse  anular'.     Inde  liberatus  ad  co- 
quinam  domini  i.     Et  remanent  vii  vituli  quorum  ii  mas. 

[Co]ria.     Idem  respondet  de  i  corio  equino  de  exitu.     Et  rema- 
nent i  corium  equinum. 
Multones.      De    remanentibus    cxxii.       De    adjunctione    xxvi. 
Summa  cxlviii.     Inde  in  venditione  celerario  post 
tonsuram  x,  et  .  .  .  .  letse  i,  et  in  morina  ante  tonsuram  xvi  et  post 
tonsuram  v.     Et  remanent  cxvi  multones. 


Oves  matrices.     De  remanentibus  iiii  xi  quarum  xx  castratse. 

XX 

De  adjunctione  xxiii.  Summa  v  xiiii.  Inde  in 
morina  ante  tonsuram  xliii  et Summa  xlvii.  Et  rema- 
nent Ixvii  oves  matrices  unde  .  .  .  .  x. 

Hoggastri.     De  remanentibus  xxvi,  et  adjunguntur  cum  multoni- 
bus  superius.    De  remanentibus  xxiii,  et  adjunguntur 
cum  ovibus  matricibus  superius. 

Agni.     De  remanentibus.    De  remanentibus  Ixviii  quorum  xxxiiii 

mas.     Inde  in  morina  ante  tonsuram  xxi  quorum  v  mas, 

et  post  tonsuram  ii,  quorum  i  mas.     Summa  xxiii.     Et  remanent 

xxviii  xvii 

xlv  hoggastri  et  gerci. 

Agni.     De  exitu.     De  exitu  Ixxix.     Inde  in  morina  xxxii;  et 
mactati  per  canes  ix.     Et  remanent  xxxviii  agni  de  exitu. 

XX 

Pelles.     Idem  respondet  de  iiii  pellibus  lanutis,  xi  pelletteriis  et 
xli  pelliculis  de  exitu  bidentum  supradictorum  existen- 
tium  in  morina,  et  venditse  infra. 

Vellera.     Idem  respondet  de  ccxxix  velleribus  de  tonsura  biden- 
tum supradictorum ;  et  liberata  apud  Rameseiam  per 
talliam. 

Apri.      De   remanente   i.      De   adjunctione   i.      Summa   ii.     Et 
liberati  ad  coquinam  domini  ii.     Et  ?eque. 

Sues.     De  remanentibus  iiii  quorum  i  castratus.     Inde  in  morina 
i  castratus.     Et  remanent  iii  sues. 
83 


APPENDIX. 

Porci.     De  remanentibus  xli.     De  adjunctione  xxxviii.     Summa 
Ixxix.     Inde  in  venditione  celerario,  ix  ;  et  in  venditione 
in  paci'V  XX ;  et  liberatus  ad  coquinam  domini  i ;  et  raactatus  pro 
lardario  i,  et  in  morina  t.  b.^  vi.     Et  remanent  xlii  porci. 

Porculi.     De  remanentibus  xxxviii.     Et  adjunguntur  cum  porcis 

superius. 
Porcelli.     De  exitu  xlv.     Inde  in  expensis  senesciuilli  ad  letam 
per  talliara  ii ;  et  liberati  ad  coquinam  domini,  ix ;  et 
in  morina  per  pocke,  xiii.    Summa  xxiiii.    Et  remanent  xxi  porcelli. 
Pernse  baconis.     Idem  respondet  de  ii  pernis  de  exitu  porci  mac- 
tati  superius  ])ro  lardario.     Et  computat  in  ex- 
pensis domorum  in  autumpno. 

Exitus  porcorum.-^     Idem  respondet  de  i  exitu  de  eodem  porco ; 

et  vendito  super  compotum. 
Unctum.     Idem  respondet  de  iii  lb.  de  exitu  prsedicti  porci ;  et 

computantur  in  carectis  unguendis. 
Aucae.     Et  remanent  vi  quarum  v  marol'.     De  exitu,  xxvi.     De 
emptione,  xiiii.     Summa  xlvi.     Inde  in  expensis  senes- 
challi  ad  letam   et  curiam   per  talliam,  iii;  et  liberatae  celerario 
Rameseise  sine  tallia,  x;    et  liberate  famulis  pistrini    et   brasini 
Kameseise,  iii;  et  .  .   .     Et  in  expensis  .  .  .  autumpno,  ii ;  et  ad 
precarias  autumpni,  i;  et  liberatae  ad  coquinam  domini  xx  aucfe; 
et  .  .  .     Summa  xxxix.     Et  remanent  vi  auca?  quarum  v  marol'. 
Anates.     De  remanentibus  v  quarum  iiii  cirrar'.     De  exitu  xx. 
Summa  xxv.      Inde  super  compotum  xx.     Et  rema- 
nent v  anates  quarum  iiii  cirrar'. 

Capones.*     De  remanentibus  v.     De  factura  vi.     De  emptione  vii. 
Summa  xviii. 

ii 

^Inde  in  expensis  seneschalli  ad  letam  ii  et  pro  manerio  super- 
videndo  per  ii  tallias,  iiii ;  et  liberatte  ad  coquinam  domini,  xii ;  et 
super  compotum,  ii.     Et  a^que. 

....     De  remanentibus   vii  quarum  i  gallus.      De  redditibus 

xxvi  virgatarum  i  qu.  in  opere  et  censu,  de  virgata  ii  gal- 

linis  deductis  ut  in  kalendario,  Iii  dimidia.     De  redditibus  x  cot- 

mannorum  in  opere  et  censu  et  v  hydmannorum  in  opere,  de  quo- 

libet  i  gallina  deducta  ut  in  kalendario,  xv  gallinaj. 

Summa  Ixxiiii  dimidia. 


'  Or  patr'  ?  '•'   Tcxio  hallivo  ? 

^  *'  vi  r^"  is  written  in  the  iiiarp;in.  •*  "xx  <f."  is  written  in  the  margin. 

'  "  viii  f/."  is  written  in  the  margin. 

84 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Inde  liberata)  celerario  per  talliam  Ixiiii ;  et  in  vendilione  infra 
iii  dimidia.     Et  remanent  vii  gallinae  quarum  i  gallus. 

Pulcini.^     De  exitu  xlii. 

Inde  in  caponibus  factis  superius,  vi ;  et  liberati  ad  coquinam 
domini,  xviii ;  et  in  morina,  vi ;  et  super  compotura,  xii. 

Ova.  De  exitu,  ccclx.  De  redditibus  xxvi  virgataruni  i  qu.  in 
opere  et  censu,  de  virgata  xl  ovis  deductis  in  kalendario, 

XX 

....  iiii  X  ova.     De  x  cotniannis  in  opere  et  censu  et  v  bydman- 

nis  in  opere  de  quolibet  x  ova,  cxxx  ova.     Summa  Mceclx  ova. 

Inde  liberata  celerario  per  talliam,  m  ova  et  ad  coquinam,  clx  ova ; 

et  in  venditione  infra,  cc  ova.     De  dayere  nichil  hie  quia  r  .  .  .  est 

infra.     De  redditibus  volatilium  hoc  anno,  iiii.     Inde  liberati  ad 

coquinam,  iii.     Et  super  compotum  i. 

c 
Opera  yemalia  ad  obolum  :  m  vii  Ixvi.     De  xix  virgatis  in  opere 

Martini 

a  festo  sancti  Michaelis 
usque  vigiliam  Pentecostse  contingentem  hoc  anno  v  die  Junii, 
utroque  die  computato  per  xxxv  septimanas  et  v  dies  quorum  ii 
operabiles,   de   virgata   per   septimanam   iii   opera   diebus   Lunse, 

c  XX 

Martis  et  Mercurii  deductis  ut  in  kalendario,  m  vi  v  xiii  opera.     De 

eisdem  pro  ii  diebus  Jovis  contra  Natalem  Domini  et  Pascham, 

xxxviii  opera.     De  i  cotmanno  in  opere  per  idem  tempus  qualibet 

c 
septimana  i  opus,  xxxv  opera.  Summa  m  vii  Ixvi  opera. 

Mercurii 

Inde  allocantnr  prsedictis  xix  virgatis  pro  diebus  Simonis  et  Judae, 

Lunae  Martis  Lunae  Mer- 

sancti  Andrete,  Conceptionis  beatse  Marian,  Thomoe  Apostoli,  Epi- 

curii  Martis  Mercurii 

phanise,  Purificationis,  Mathise  Apostoli,  diebus  Lunte,  Ma[rtis]  Mer- 
curii in  septimana  Paschse  et  sancti  Johannis  ante  Portam  Latenam, 

XX 

c  iiii  ix  opera ;  et  eisdem  pro  maltsilver  et  operibus  vineaj,  Ixxvi 

quilibet  c[ustumarius]  xx 

opera;  et  in  trituratione  bladi    ....    colligendis,  haiis  faciendis, 

X  xxxiiii  di. 

ventilatione,  servitio  coopertoris,  muralibus  et  parieti^us  faciendis, 

r^x  Ivi 

carucis  tenendis  et  fugandis,  et  herciatura,  mccIx  opera  dimidium  ; 

XX 

et  in  venditione  infra  ad  ....  cc  iiii  opera  dimidium. 

Summa  quae  supra.     Et  ajque. 
Opera  sestivalia  ....  cccciii  opera.     De  praedictis  xix  virgatis  in 

opere  a  festo  Pentecostal 
usque  vigiliam  Guise  August!  per  viii  septimanas  de  quolibet  (sic) 
per  septimanam  iii  opera  diebus  supradictis  deductis  ut  in  kalen- 

^  "xii  rf."  is  written  in  the  margin. 

85 


APPENDIX. 

XX 

dario,  ccc  iiii  xvi  opera.  De  eisdem  pro  i  die  Jovis  contra  festum 
sancti  Henedicti,  xix  opera.  De  i  cotmanno  in  opere  per  idem  tem- 
pus,  viii  opera.  Summa  cccciii  opera, 

nde  allocantur  praedictis  virgatis   pro  diebus  Lunse,  Martis  et 

Martis 

Mercurii  in  septimana  Pentecostse  et  Petri  et  Pauli,  Ixxvi  opera ;  et 

c  X  XX 

in  falcatione  et  levatione  feni,  marleris  faciendis,  sarculatione  bladi, 

Ix  xi  XXX 

trituratione,  frumento  cariando,  muralibus  et  parietibus  et  domibus 

X  XXX 

crestandis,  carucis  tenendis  et  fugandis,  haiis  faciendis  et  servitio 

X  XX 

coopertoris,  cclxi  opera ;  et  in  venditione  infra  ad  ob.  qu.,  v  vi  opera. 

Summa  quae  supra.     Et  seque. 
c 
Opera  autumpni  ad  i  d.  ob. :  vii  viii  opera.     De  prsedictis  xix  vir- 
gatis in  opere  a  Gula 
Augusti  usque  vigiliam  Nativitatis  beatfe  Mariae  per  v  septimanas 
et  iii  dies  quorum  ii  operabiles,  de  virgata  per  septimanam  viii  opera 

ii  i  ii  i  ii 

diebus  Luna?,  Martis,  Mercurii,  Jovis   et  Veneris   deductis   ut   in 

c      XX 

kalendario,  vi  iiii  xvii  opera.     De  i  cotmanno  in  opere  per  idem 

tempus  qualibet  septimana  i  opus  die  Lunie,  vi  opera.     De  v  hid- 

mannis  in  opere  per  idem  tempus  de  quolibet  v  opera,  xxv  opera. 

c 
Summa  ^^i  viii  opera. 

Martis 

Inde  allocantur  pra?dictis  xix  virgatis  pro  diebus  sancti  Laurentii 
et  sancti  Bartholomei,  xxxviii  opera;  et  in  .  .  .  .  vendit'  cccclxx 
opera ;  et  in  venditione  infra  ad  i  d.  ob.,  ccxx  opera. 

Summa  quae  supra.     Et  seque. 

Opera  post  autumpnum  ad  i  d. :  clxix  opera.     De  praedictis  xix 

virgatis  in  opere  a 
festo  Nativitatis  beata^  Marise  usque  vigiliam  sancti  INIichaelis  per  iii 
septimanas  de  quolibet  per  septimanam  iii  opera  diebus  Luna? 
Martis  et  Mercurii  deductis  ut  in  kalendario,  cli  opera.  De  i  cot- 
manno in  opere  per  idem  tempus  qualibet  septimana  i  opus  die 
Lunte,  iii  opera.  De  v  hydmannis  in  opere,  de  quolibet  iii  opera,  xv 
opera.  Summa  clxix  opera. 

Mer- 

Inde   allocantur   pniedictis   xix   virgatis   pro   diebus   Nativitatis 

curii  Martis  Martis 

beatte  Marioe,  Exaltationis  sanctte  Crucis  et  sancti   Mattha^i,  Ivii 

XX 

V    i  xxi  di. 

opera;  et  in  blado  triturando,  servitio  coopertoris  pro  tassis  pisarum, 
cii  opera  dimidium  ;  et  in  venditione  infra  ad  i  d.,  ix  opera  dimidium. 

Summa  quse  supra.     Et  aeque. 
86 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 


Wystowe.^     Anno  xix  domini  Ricardi  abbatis.     Onus  Johannis 
Bronnote  bedelli,  Willehni  Benet  prsepositi  anno  supradicto. 
De  arreragiis  ejusdem  de  anno  prsecedente 

vii  li.  V  s.  X  d.  oh.  qu.  iii  qu.  i  qu. 


.     iiii  s.  vi  d. 
xiii  s.  i  d.  oh. 
xxvi  s.  iii  d. 
X  s.  xi  d.  qu. 
xvi  d. 
xix  d. 
iii  s.  X  d. 
xii  d. 
xxiii  d.  oh.  qu. 
li.  xi  s.  vii  fZ.  06. 
rae  Parys  x  s. 


ix  ^/.  ix  s.  vi  d. 

Iiii  s.  iii  d.  (/li. 

viii  d.  oh.  qu. 


De  redditu  assisse 

De  auxilio  vicecomitis 

De  heuschire 

De  maltsilver    . 

De  fisschsilver  . 

De  argento  vinese 

De  redditibus  de  Clerevaux 

De  redditibus  de  hangylonde 

De  wetbersilver 

De  firma  terne  dominicas 

De  redditu  Roberti  Cotes  pro  custodia  ten 

De  redditibus   censuariorum  et  arrentatione, 

deductis  viii  s.  de  redditu  terree  arrentatte 

Isoldse  Grymbalde  collectis  per  pr«positum 

De  operibus  venditis 

De  iii  gallinis  dimidia  venditis 

De  redditu  Thomas  Lye  pro  i  placia  de  tenemento  vacuo'^ 

sibi  dimissa  hoc  anno vi  cZ. 

De  perquisitis  i  letse  tentae  hoc  anno      .         .         .       Ivi  s.  xi  d. 
De  perquisitis  i  curise  autumpni  tentse  hoc  anno  .  xix  s. 

Summa  xxxiii  li.  xi  s.  xi  d.  oh.  qu.,  iii  qu.  i  qu. 
De  quibus  in  allocantiis  diversis  factis  praepo- 

sito  in  conipoto  suo         .....     iiii  «.  iiii  d.  oh. 
Et  computanturin  denariis  liberatis  pra^po- 

sito  per  talliam  .....     xvii  li.  xiii  s.  xi  d. 

Et  computantur  liberati  fratri  Henrico  de  Sautre  sine 

tallia  anno  sequente xx  s. 

Et  eidem  sine  tallia  per  iii  vices xxx  s. 

Et  liberati  fratri  Nicholee  de  Giddinge  pro  firma 

terrse  del  Stokkinge   sine  tallia  per   manum 

elemosinarii       . xxvii  s.  vi  d. 

Item   computantur  liberati    Willelmo    Benet  prffiposito 

per  talliam       .         .         ,         .         .         .         .         .         .     xl  s. 

Summa  xxiii  li.  xv  s.  ix  d.  oh. 


^  What  follows  is  on  two  small  pieces  of  parchment  attached  to  the  roll. 

^  De  ten'  vac'  is  the  MS.  form. 

87 


APPENDIX. 


In 

o])ere 


Virgatarii  ^ 


Debuntuv  prffiposito  .         .     ix  li.  xvi  s.  ii  d.  qu.  iii  qu.  i  qv. 

Wystowe.     Anno  xix  tlomini  Ricardi  abbatis. 

Willelnms      Cotte,     Adam 

di. 

Brunne,   Adam    Bromnore, 

di.  di. 

Willelmus  Flexman,  Johan- 

iii  qu. 

nes  Waryn,  Thomas  Baroun, 

di.  Ill  qu. 

Johannes  [S]abyn,  Thomas 

iii  qu. 

Eliot,    Ricardus    Wodekoc, 

i  qu. 

Willelmus   Taillour,  Ricar- 

iii  qu. 

dus      Revessone,      Thomas 

iii  qu. 

Rede,     Johannes     Randolf,  1 

di.  di.  >      xix 

Willelmus  Haukyn,Thomas 

i  qu. 

Randolf,  Willelmus  Sabyn, 

di. 

Johannes  Outy,  Simon  Ap- 

di.  di. 

pelon, Simon  Augstyn,Avota 

di. 

Mowyn,  Nicholas  Haron,  Ste- 

i  qu. 

phanus   Hythe,   Willelmus 
Coulere,  Johannes  Vernoun, 

di. 

Johannes  Appelon,  Johan- 
nes     Willisson,      Ricardus 

di. 

^  Hobbe,    Alexander   Sabyn,  ^ 
Ricardus    Catelyne,    Ricar-  ^ 

di. 

dus      Vernoun,      Robertus 

di. 

Hythe,     Johannes    Sabyn, 

di.  di. 

Robertus   Rede,  Stephanus 

1  qu. 

atte  Gate,  Nicholas  Herron, 

di.  di. 

Censuarii  \   Willelmus  Benet,  Johannes 

i  qu. 

Baroun,  Johannes  Vernoun, 

di.  iii  qu. 

Simon    Hikkesson,    Petrus 

iqu. 

Waker,    Ricardus    Hobbe, 
Benedictus  Coulere,  Ricar- 

i  qu. 

dus  Sabyn. 


VI 1 

et 

(  quar- 
tarius 


S 
^ 


COMPOTUS    B,OLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 


r 


In  officio  ballivi  de  War- 

1  di.  di.  j 

Officiarii   i   deboys,  prsepositi,  bedelli  et  )■ 


iii  akirmannorum, 
dimidia. 


cuilibet 


Cot- 
manni 


Arren- 

tata? 


In  opere. 
Arren- 

tata3 


di. 


Robertus  Coulere,  Johan- 

di.  i  qu. 

nes      Ivesson,      Stephanus 

;'  i  virgata 

]   Hythe,  Isolda  Grymbalde, 

i  qu.  i  gu. 

Radulfus  Sabyn,  Johannes 
L  Grigge. 
Petrus  Waker. 

di. 

Willelmus     Flexman,     Jo- 


iii.  di- 
midia 


11,  111 

quar- 

tarii 


1 

i  di- 
midia 


\ 


^1 


Hyd- 
manni 


hannes  Ivessone. 
Johannes  Sabyn,  Ricardus 
Schepherde,    Alanus   May, 
Margoria  Basely,  Willelmus 

di.  4  .s. 

•I  Webstere,    Willelmus   Cou-  )■     ix 

di.  xviii  d. 

lere,      Simon      Hikkesson, 
Alexander  Sabyn,  Johannes 
Waryn,  Johannes  Ailmar. 
j   In    manu    domini,    i   cotlanda    quondam 
i^  Thomse  Rede. 

(  f      Robertus      Rede,     Johannes      Ripton, 

<j    In  opere  ^'   Agn[es]  Albyn,  Ricardus  Sabyn,  etWillel- 
t  t  iii^^s  Taillour  v. 

Wystowe,  anno  xix  domini  Ricardi  abbatis.  Debuntur  domino 
in  fine  compoti  auditi  ....  xxxvi  li.  viii  s.  ix  d.  oh,  qu.  iii  qu.  i  qu. 
Unde  super  bedellum  de  debito  anni  prsecedentis,  vii  li.  v  s.  xi  c^.  oh. 
qu.  iii  qu.  i  qu.  De  quibus  liberatse  receptis  anno  sequente  sine 
tallia,  iiii  li.  iiii  s.  viii  d.  per  diversas  parcellas ;  et  eidem  anno 
sequente  ut  de  viii  bidentibus  veuditis  in  hospitio  domini  ad  ii  s. 
vi  cl,  XX  s.  sine  tallia ;  et  eidem  anno  sequente  per  iii  vices  sine 

Brommote 

tallia  1  s.  per  manum  bedelli  de  arreragiis  ejusdem  bedelli. 

De  arreragiis  Willelmi  Benet,  x  s.  Item  de  arreragiis,  xx  s.  Item 
de  arreragiis,  iii  s.  iiii  d.  Item  de  arreragiis,  xx  s.  Item  de  arre- 
ragiis, xiii  8.  iiii  d.  Item  de  arreragiis,  xlviii  s.  Item  de  arreragiis 
Johannis  Bronnote  bedelli,  xx  s.  Item  x  s.  Item  x  s.  Item  de 
Willelmo  Benet,  de  feno  vendito,  xx  s. 

89 


APPENDIX. 
XII. 

WisTowE,  1466  (?).^ 

Redditus  assisse.  Et  de  x  .  .  i  s.  x  d.  de  redditu  assisse  termino 
Michaelis  ut  patet  per  rentale  renovatum  hoc 
anno ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  redditu  Willelmi  ....  pro  i  placia  .  .  .  .  xi 
d.  cum  tota  terra  adiacente  nuper  Henrici  Paxton  dimissa  Johanni 
Samite ;  et  de  iiii  s.  ut  patet  per  rentale  ....  terminis  Annuncia- 
tionis  et  sancti  Benedicti ;  et  de  xii  d.  de  eodem  pro  anglong ;  et  de 
iii  s.  de  incremento  redditus  i  placiie  dimissse  Roberto  Notbyr  .... 
de  redditu  assisse. 

Census  custumariorum.     De  auxilio  vicecomitis,  ad  quod  quili- 

bet  virgatarius  in  opere  et  censu  reddit 
solutum  vi  d. ;  de  bewschire,  ad  quod  quilibet  virgatarius  in  opere 
et  censu  reddit  solutum  x  .  .  .  . ;  [de]  maltsilvere,  ad  quod  quilibet 
virgatarius  in  opere  et  censu  reddit  solutum  v  d.  ;  fiscbsilvere,  ad 
quod  singuli  custumarii  reddunt  solutum  xii  d. ;  argento  vineee,  ad 
quod  quilibet  virgatarius  reddit  solutum  i  d.;  Weth[ersilvere],  ad 
quod  quilibet  virgatarius  in  opere  et  censu  reddit  solutum  i  d.  qu. ; 
talliagio  termino  Paschie,  ad  quod  quilibet  virgatarius  in  opere  et 
censu  reddit  solutum  x  d. ;  nichil  hoc  anno  quia  omnes  custumarii 
ad  nova  opera  hoc  anno ;  et  de  vii  s.  de  talliagio  termino  Michaelis 
agestamento  pro  averiis  custumariorum,  videlicet  pro  equo,  oh., 
bestia,  06.,  viii  bidentibus,  i  d.,  viii  porcis,  i  d.  hoc  anno  per  testa- 
mentum  ballivi,  et  non  plus  quia  bidentes  custumariorum  nete 
super  faldam  domini ;  et  de  vii  d.  de  eodem  talliagio  proveniente  de 
ii  cotmannis  in  opere  et  censu,  de  quolibet  i  d.  oh. ;  et  ii  hidemannis 
in  opere,  de  quolibet  ii  d. 

Firmae  terrarum.     Et  de  xxviii  s.  iiii   d.  de  xxxiiii  acris  terrai 

dominical   in   le    Brache    dimissis    Willelmo 

Schipperde  et  sociis  suis  ad  terminum  annorum,  acra  pro  x  d. ;  et 

de  ix  s.  vi  d.  de  ix  acris  dimidia  tern^e  dominies  super  Bischoppys- 

vii  acrse  dimidia  acra  i  acra 

wonge  dimissis  Johanni  Randolf,  Stephano  Aumare,  Johanni  atte 

^  Public  Record  Office,  Ministers'  Accounts,  885/35.  The  first  partis  missing, 
but  from  the  words  "  Wyi^toive  anno  domini  Johannis  Ahbatix  tricesimo^'  the  date 
may  probably  be  ascertained.  During  the  period  to  which  the  roll  belongs  there 
were  two  abbots  named  John  who  held  office  over  tliirty  years,  John  of  Stowe, 
143G-1468,  and  John  Wardeboys,  1507-1539;  1537  would  put  the  roll  very  late, 
just  before  the  dissolution  of  the  monastery,  and  1466  seems  the  more  probable 
date.     See  Dugdale's  Monasticon,  ii.  550;  R  C,  iii.  189. 

90 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 
i  acra 

Y[ate]  et  Roberto  Rede,  acra  pro  xii  d. ;  et  de  vi  d.  de  Johanne  love 
loco  Willelmi  Smythe  pro  iii  rodis  terrte  dominicse  super  Litelclay- 
hylle  sibi  dimissis  ad  terminum  vitse ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  i  placia  vocata 
Fenpynghille  cum  prato  adjacente  continente  v  acras  iii  rodas  di- 
midiam  sibi  dimissa  Roberto  Nottynge.  De  .  .  .  x  cZ.  De  i  acra 
terrse  dominicaj  super  Bernwelle  juxta  Burywode  nihil  quia  in 
manu ;  et  de  xxx  s.  vi  (/.  qu.  de  xxxvi  acris  ii  rodis  dimidia  terrse 
dominicse  apud  Kyngyslonde  dimissis  custumariis  domini  de  Up- 
wode,  acra  pro  x  d. ;  et  de  iiii  s.  viii  d.  de  iii  acris  dimidia  terrse 
dominicae  vocatse  Neyntene  dimissis  Roberto  Rede.  Do  ii  acris 
dimidia  apud  Buryston  juxta  Stokkyngweyende  nuper  Willelmi 
Bakere,  acra  pro  xvi  d.,  nihil  quia  in  manu  domini ;  et  de  xvi  d.  de 
i  acra  terrse  apud  Watirlonde  dimissa  Johanni  Catteleyne.  De  ii 
acris  i  roda  apud  houndhegge  et  langhegghoo  nuper  dimissis  Ri- 
cardo  Wodcok,  acra  pro  xvi  d.,  nihil  quia  in  manu  domini ;  et  de 
viii  $.  de  firma  molendini  ventritici  dimissi  Thomae  Breselaunce ; 
et  de  vii  s.  de  Stephano  Ailmar  pro  i  messuagio  et  vi  acris  terrse 
dominicse  sibi  dimissis  ad  terminum  vitas ;  et  de  xviii  d.  de  i  placia 
continente  iii  cot'^  quondam  Willelmi  Lawe  dimissa  Avotse  Barone 
de  Ravle  ad  terminum  vitas ;  et  de  ii  s.  de  i  placia  quondam  Johan- 

reddit  solutum,  vi  s. 

nis  Arnolde  dimissa  Johanni  Cattelyn ;  et  de  v  s.  vi  d.  de  v  acris  et 

i  acra 

dimidia  terrse  dominicse  in  lowfeld  dimissis  Roberto  Nottyng,  Jo- 

i  acra  i  acra  dimidia  acra  i  acra 

hanni  Randolf,  Johanni  Schepperde,  Johanni  Love,  Johanni  Boke- 

i  acra 

londe,  Roberto  Rede,  acra  pro  xii  d. ;  et  de  iii  s.  de  iii  acris  terrse 
in  Gofreylonde  dimissis  Roberto  Rede;  et  de  xii  d.  de  i  forera 
vocata  Stoc°f  (sic)  dimissa  Roberto  Nottynge ;  et  de  xiii  d.  ob.  de 
quadam  prati  {sic)  vocata  Aldburyslade  dimissa  Roberto  Rede ;  et 
de  xiiii  d.  de  quadam  parcella  prati  vocata  le  Rydyngez  dimissa 
eidem  Roberto ;  et  de  ii  s.  de  Roberto  Nottynge  pro  i  acra  super 
Chesefurlong  et  i  acra  apud  Brombiggere ;  et  de  xii  d.  i  acra  terrse 
aput  {sic)  Stoc^f  dimissa  Roberto  Nottynge ;  et  de  viii  d.  de  i  acra 
terne  quondam  Arnoldi  dimissa  Thomse  Prate.  De  i  acra  iii  rodis 
terne  super  litelhille  nuper  dimissa  Johanni  Catelyn  pro  xii  d.  nichil 
quia  in  manu ;  et  de  viii  d.  de  terra  super  Nomanslonde  dimissa 
Roberto  Rede  pro  viii  acris  iii  rodis  terrie  dominicas  super  Stoc"f 
nuper  dimissis  Rectori  ecclesise  ibidem,  acra  pro  vi  cL,  nihil  quia  in 
cultura  domini.     De  ii  6'.  de  terra  arabile  in  Stokkynge  nuper  di- 

1  Cotagia? 
91 


APPENDIX. 

missa  Willelmo  atte  H3'de  nihil  quia  in  raann  domini.  De  frisco' 
ibidem  nihil  et  reddit  solutum  tamen,  pro  frisco  quam  pro  terra, 
xviii  6'. ;  et  de  xx  (/.  de  lez  Gorez  apud  buschoppyswonge  dimissis 
Johanni  Fraunce  et  Roberto  Randolf  ad  terminum  vitse ;  et  de  vi 
d.  de  buttez  super  langlieggehoo  dimissis  Roberto  Nottynge. 

Redditus  virgatarum  terrse  in  opere  in  Wistow.     De  Ixxiii  s.  ix  d. 

de  vii  virgatis 
terr*  qu.  et  di.  qu.  dimissis  custumariis  domini  ibidem  in  opere,  de 
qualibet  virgata  x  ,s.,  terminis  Omnium  Sanctorum  et  Nativitatis 
sancti  Johannis  Baptistse,  sequalibus  portionibus  deductis  in  kalen- 
dario. 

Redditus  custumariorum  in  opere  in  Ravele.     Et  de  Ix  s.  de  iiii 

virgatis  terrse  et  di- 
midia  in  opere  dimissis  custumariis  ibidem  in  secunda  arentatione, 
de  qualibet  virgata  xviii  d.,  terminis  Omnium  Sanctorum  et  Nativi- 
tatis sancti  Johannis  Baptistse,  aequalibus  portionibus  deductis  ut 
in  kalendario. 

Redditus  virgatarum  in  secunda  arentatione.     Et  de  xxvii  s.  de  i 

virgata  terree  et  di- 
midia  dimissa  custumariis  ibidem  in  secunda  arentatione,  de  quali- 
bet virgata  xviii  s.,  terminis  Omnium  Sanctorum  et  Nativitatis  sancti 
Johannis  Baptists?  pro  fequalibus  portionibus. 

Census  et  arentatio.  Et  de  xx  s.  de  i  virgata  terrae  arentata  Wil- 
lelmo Ferworth ;  et  de  vi  s.  viii  [rf.]  de  i 
quartario  terrte  arentato  Ricardo  Wryghte ;  et  de  v  s.  de  i  quartario 
terra?  arentato  Johanni  Wryghte;  et  de  viii  s.  de  dimidia  virgata 
terrae  arentata  Rectori  ecclesise ;  et  de  xv  s.  de  iii  quartariis  terrse 
arentatis  Johanni  Wry  the ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  i  quartario  terrse  arentato 
Roberto  Ailmare ;  et  de  viii  s.  de  dimidia  virgata  terrae  arentata 
Johanni  atte  Yate;  et  de  v  s.  de  i  quartario  terrse  arentato  Galfrido 
Hunne ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  i  quartario  terrse  arentato  Johanni  Frere ;  et 
de  XV  s.  de  iii  quartariis  terrse  arentatis  Johanni  Randolf;  et  de  v 
s.  de  i  quartario  arentato  Johanni  Shepperdfe;  et  de  xi  s.  de  dimidia 
virgata  terra?  arentata  Ricardo  Barkere ;  et  de  vii  s.  vi  d.  de  i  quar- 
tario terrse  et  dimidia  arentato  Johanni  Love ;  et  de  ix  s.  de  dimidia 
virgata  terra?  arentata  Johanni  Owty  ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  i  quartario 
terrse  arentato  Thomie  Rameseiie ;  et  de  iiii  s.  vi  d.  de  i  quartario 
terrse  arentato  Ricardo  Appelonde ;  et  de  viii  s.  vi  d.  de  ii  quartariis 
terra?  arentatis  Johanni  Hythe ;  et  de  xxi  s.  vi  d.  de  i  virgata  et  i 

'  Waste  land. 
92 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

quartario  terrje  arentato  Ricardo  Borone  ;  et  de  xx  s.  vi  d.  de  i  quar- 
tario  et  i  virgata  terrse  arentato  Ricardo  Bronne ;  et  de  iii  s.  iiii  d. 
de  i  quartario  terrje  arentato  Nicholo  (sic)  Bronne ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  i 
<luartario  terras  arentato  Johanni  filio  Johannis  Owty  ;  et  de  viii  s. 
de  dimidia  virgata  arentata  Johanni  Breselaunce  ;  et  de  xxi  s.  de  i 
virgata  terrse  et  i  quartario  arentata  Ricardo  Wyllison  ;  et  de  xii  s. 
de  iii  quartariis  terrse  arrentatis  Thomse  Owty ;  et  de  iiii  s.  vi  d.  de  i 
quartario  arentato  Avotffi  Barone ;  et  de  iiii  s.  vi  d.  de  i  quartario 
terrae  arentato  filio  Johannis  Hythe ;  et  de  iiii  s.  vi  d.  de  i  quartario 
terrse  arentato  Webster ;  et  de  xxii  s.  de  i  virgata  terra  et  iii  quartariis 
arentata  Johanni  Owty ;  et  de  v  s.  de  dimidia  virgata  terrse  arentata 
eidem  quondam  Cleryvaux ;  et  de  viii  s.  de  ii  cothindis  ad  censum 
Roberto  Nottynge ;  et  de  xii  d.  de  climidio  cotlando  arentato  Jo- 
hanni Fraunce ;  et  de  xii  d.  de  i  cotlando  arentato  Thomas  Slac- 
welle ;  et  de  iiii  s.  de  i  cotlando  arentato  Ricardo  Pycarde  ;  et  de  v 
s.  de  i  cotlando  et  dimidio  arentato  Ricardo  Berkere ;  et  de  ii  s.  de 
dimidio  cotlando  arentato  filio  Johannis  Owty;  et  de  iii  s.  ii  d.  de  ii 
cotlandis  arrentatis  Thomae  Bryscelaunce ;  et  de  xii  d.  de  i  cotlando 
arentato  Ricardo  Wyllyssone;  et  de  iiii  6\  oh.  qu.  de  i  cotlando  et 
dimidio  arentato  Avotae  Barone ;  et  de  ii  s.  de  ii  hydemannis'  in 
opere,  Johanni  Atteyate  et  Roberto  Reede  censuariis;  et  de  xii  r/. 
de  i  hidemanlando  arentato  Johanni  Schepperde ;  et  de  ii  s.  iiii  d. 
de  i  hydemanlando  arentato  Thomae  Dotylde  f  et  de  ii  s.  vi  d.  de  i 
hydemanlando  arentato  Johanni  love ;  et  de  v  s.  de  i  vac'^  quae  fuit 
capitale  messuagium  i  virgatae  terrae  Isoude  Grymbalde,  quam  ter- 
ram  Ricardus  Appelonde,  Walterus  Schepperde,  Johannis  Hythe, 
Johannis  Thakkere  tenent  in  arentationibus  supradictis  Ricardo 
Wyllysson ;  et  de  viii  6\  de  dimidia  virgata  terrae  arentata  Johanni 
Newemane. 

Venditio  operum. 

Chevagium  Nativorum.  De  xii  d.  de  chevagio  Johannis  filii  Jo- 
hannis Brommette  nativi  domini  de  san- 
guine de  annuo  capitargio*  pro  licentia  manendi  extra  feodum 
domini  quamdiu  domino  placuerit  et  venire  ad  letam  quolibet  anno 
et  esse  nativus  prout  prius ;  et  de  xii  d.  de  Thoma  Gowlere  pro 
eodem ;  et  de  xii  d.  de  Thoma  filio  Johannis  Owty ;  et  de  xii  d. 
Thoma  filio  Johannis  Appelonde  de  Ravele  pro  eodem. 

1  The  form  is  kidem.  '  The  first  letter  of  the  name  is  not  very  clear. 

^   Focwa  perhaps.  *  Capitagio? 

93 


APPENDIX. 


Debita  soluta.     De  quibus  solutse  ballivo  pro  denariis  receptis  ex 

mutuo,  ut  patet  in  titulo  de  mutuis  exceptis  de 

anno  primo,  pro  diversis  reparationibus  factis  in  manerio,  iiii  li.  v  d. 

Redditus  resoluti.     Idem  computat  in  redditibus   resolutis  ad 

maneriiim  de  Upwode  ii  s.  ii  d.  qu. ;  et  Jo- 

hanni  Trumpe  loco  Thomas  Gosselyne  et  aliqiiando  Cantez,  viii  d. ; 

et  Thoma;  Tychemerche  loco  Willelmi  de  Broughton,  viii  d. 

Acquietantije.  Idem  computat  solutos  capellano  domini  iii  s. ;  et 
subcelerario  pro  opere  vinese,  ii  s.  iiii  d. ;  et  in  sar- 
trino  pro  filo,  viii  d.  oh. ;  et  in  brasino  pro  candellis,  vi  d. ;  et  recep- 
tori  conventus  pro  medow,  vi  s. ;  et  sacristano  Rameseia^  pro  car- 
bone,  ii  s. ;  et  celerario  pro  gallinis  et  ovis,  v  s.  i  d.  oh. ;  et  eidem  pro 
aucis  suis,  ii  s. 
Defectus. 

Custus  carucarum.  In  ferro  et  osemonde'  empto  pro  sustentatione 
iii  carucarum  unde  i  levata  de  equis  carec- 
tarum,  xxiii  s.  vii  d.  In  stipendio  fabri  pro  dictis  ferramentis  fabri- 
candis  cum  ferruris  equorum  carectarum  in  omnibus  pedibus  an- 
terioribus  in  grosso,  x  s.  In  i  carpentario  conducto  pro  carucis 
faciendis  et  reparandis  per  vices,  ii  -s.  iii  d.  In  ii  vomeribus  novis 
emptis,  iiii  s.  ii  d.  In  vii  colariis  de  cirpis^  emptis,  vi  d.  In  labo- 
rariis  conductis  pro  carucis  fugandis,  ii  .s.  viii  d. 

Precariffi  carucarum.  In  expensis  ad  v  precarias  carucarum, 
videlicet  ad  iii  antiquas  precarias,  quseli- 
bet  de  xv  carucis  et  quselibet  caruca  cum  ii  hominibus  prfeter  famu- 
los  et  alios,  etiam  cum  expensis  custumariorum  ad  ii  precarias  caru- 
carum de  nova  consuetudine,  quaslibet  precaria  de  xiiii  carucis  et 
qutelibet  caruca  cum  ii  hominibus  capientibus  cibum  sufficientem 
et  non  ad  assisam'  cum  ventaclione  in  campis,  nihil  hie  quia  in 
hospitio  ut  inferius. 

Custus  carectarum.  In  i  pari  loll'  empto  pro  manerio  de  Bigg', 
vi  8.  viii  d.  In  iii  paribus  loll'  emptis,  xvi 
s.  i  d.  In  cloutis  cum  broddis  emptis,  ii  a.  iii  d.  In  i  carpentario 
conducto  per  vices  pro  carectis  axaudis  et  reparandis,  ii  s.  iii  d.  In 
i  forca  pro  fimo  empta,  v  d.  oh.  In  i  civeria'  rotata  empta,  v  d.  In 
i  pectins  equino  empto,  ii  d.  In  ii  paribus  de  body  try  ce  emptis, 
xvi  d.     In  ii  paribus  de  Chaketryce  emptis,  xii  d. 

>  A  kind  of  iron,  probably  foreign.     See  Eogers,   Agriculture  and  Prices,  i. 

145,  470. 

*  Eushes.  ^  According  to  a  fixed  measure.  "  Wheelbarrow. 

94 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Emptio  bladi  et  stauri.     In  ii  porcis  emptis,  ii  -s. 

Expensse  miniitfe.  In  v  bu.  salis  emptis,  ii  s.  viii  d.  oh.  In 
i  patella  enea  empta  in  festo  sancti  Bene- 
dicti,  xvi  d.  In  i  olla  enea  empta  eodem  vice,  iiii  s.  ii  d.  In  x 
pedis  de  pewtre,  videlicet  i  char',  iii  patellae,  iii  disci,  iii  saucers 
emptse,  iiii  s.  ii  d.  In  i  albo  coreo  empto  pro  hernesio  reparando 
xviii  d.  oh.  In  i  .  .  .  .'  empta,  v  d.  oh.  In  ii  schoneltres  emptis, 
iiii  d.  In  ii  schoneler3'ngs  emptis,  v  d.  Et  soluti  Johanni  Outy 
senescallo  pro  clays  faciendis,  ix  d.\  et  Johanni  hythe  pro  eodem, 
ix  d.  In  i  scala  empta,  xviii  d.  In  i  bolt  pani  saecimi  empto,  v  s. 
In  V  ulnis  canesite  emptis  cum  filo,  ix  d.  oh.  In  iiii  virgis  cilicii 
emptis,  XX  d. 

M 

Custus  domorum.     In  iii  rosci  emptis,  xv  s.     In  falcatoribus  con- 
ductis  pro  rosco  falcando  in  marisco  ac  li- 

M 

gando,  viii  s.  ii  d.     In  iii  rosci  emptis  ii  vices,  xv  s. 

Custus  bidentum.     In  bidentibus  domini  lavandis  praeter  Wasch- 

eyngpens,  ii  d.    Soluti  pro  lavatione  bidentum 

domini  de  bigg\  ii  s.  iii  d.     In  expensis  custumariorum  venientium 

per  i  diem  pro  bidentibus  domini  tondendis,  ut  in  pane,  caseo  et 

servisia  tune  empta  pro  eisdem,  nihil  hie  quia  in  hospitio. 

Trituratio  et  ventilatio.     In  trituratione  frumenti  nihil  quia  per 

famulos.  In  lal:)orariis  conductis  pro 
ordeo  triturando,  xxvi  s.  iiii  d.  et  non  plus  quia  residuum  per 
famulos.  In  trituratione  pisarum,  ii  s.  ii  rZ.,  et  residuum  \)ev  famu- 
los.    In  ventilatione  nihil  quia  per  famulos. 

Sarculatio  et  falcatio.     In  laborariis  conductis  pro  prato  falcando 

prseter   opera    custumariorum,   ii   s.      In 

laborariis  conductis  pro  bladis  dominicse  sarclandis,  iiii  s.   vi  d. 

soluti  custumariis  domini  falcantibus  pratum  ex  consuetudine  in 

Thornebrygmede,  vii  d. 

Custus  autumpni.  In  expensis  ii  falcatorium  conductorum  a 
prima  garba  usque  ad  ultimam,  cum  v  labo- 
rariis conductis  per  v  septimanas  in  autumpno,  cum  expensis  carec- 
tariorum  venientium  de  prece  cum  carectis  pro  bladis  dominicse 
cariandis,  quisque  per  i  diem,  nihil  hie  quia  in  hospitio ;  et  in  sti- 
pendiis  prsedictorum  ii  falcatorium,  xix  s.  iiii  d. ;  et  in  stipendiis  v 
laborariorum  prjedictorum,  xxxi  s.  In  ii  laborariis  conductis  pro 
ordeo  restando  et  ligando,  xviii  d.     In  laborariis  conductis  pro  fru- 

'  The  word  in  the  MS.  may  be  seance. 

95 


APPENDIX. 

mento  metendo  et  ligando  et  colligendo,  iii  s.  vi  d.  In  xii  paribus 
cirotecarum  emptis  pro  aiitumpno,  xxi  d. 

Vadia.     In  vadiis  ballivi  per  annum,  xl  s. 

Stipendia.  In  stipendio  wodewardi  per  annum,  iiii  s.;  et  eidem 
pro  roba  sua,  vi  6-.  viii  d. ;  et  soluti  Johanni  Wryghte 
carectario,  xxii  s. ;  et  Roberto  Hyche  bercario,  xx  s. ;  et  Johanni 
Sabyne  carucario,  xiii  s.  iiii  d. ;  et  Johanni  Syme,  x  s. ;  et  Roberto 
Barone  pro  i  quartario  anni  (?)  a  festo  Natalis  Domini  usque  festum 
Michaelis,  xi  s.  iiii  d. ;  et  Johanni  Gernoun,  xvi  s. ;  et  Emma?  Sabyne 
pro  braseo  siccando,  iiii  .s. ;  et  Willelrao  Bakere  a  festo  Purifica- 
tionis  usque  Pascham,  x  s. ;  et  Johanni  Wryghte  tempore  seminis 
ordei  et  pisarum,  iii  s.  iiii  d. 

Expensae  seneschalli. 

Expensae  forinsecse. 

Expensse  hospitii.  In  expensis  ad  v  pr^carias  carucarum,  vide- 
licet ad  iii  antiquas  precarias  quselibet  de  xv 
carucis  et  quselibet  caruca  cum  ii  hominibus  prseter  famulos  et  alios, 
ac  cum  expensis  custumariorum  ad  ii  precarias  carucarum  de  nova 
consuetudine  quselibet  precaria  de  xiiii  carucis  et  quselibet  caruca 
cum  ii  hominibus  capientibus  cibuni  sufficientem  et  non  ad  assisam 
cum  ventaclione  in  campo,  cum  expensis  i  carpentarii  pro  carectis 
et  carucis  faciendis  et  reparandis,  cum  expensis  falcatorium  con- 
ductorum  pro  rosco  falcando  in  marisco,  quisque  per  i  diem,  cum 
expensis  custumariorum  venientium  per  i  diem  pro  bidentibus 
domini  tondendis,  ut  in  pane,  caseo  et  servisia  tunc'  cum  expensis 

XX 

iiii    xviii 

laborariorum  conductorum  jiro  ordeo  et  pisis  triturando,  quisque 
per  i  diem,  ac  cum  expensis  laborariorum  conductorum  pro  prato 
falcando  et  bladis  sarculandis  ;  et  cum  expensis  ii  falcatorium  con- 
ductorum a  prima  usque  ad  ultimam  in  autumpno ;  et  cum  expen- 
sis v  laborariorum  conductorum  per  v  septimanas  in  autumpno  ;  et 

XX 

cum  expensis  carectariorum  venientium  de  prece  cum  carectis  suis, 
quisque  per  i  diem  pro  bladis  dominicse  cariandis,  cum  le  repegos 
et  rewardo  famulorum;  et  cum  expensis  ad  i  precariam  autump- 
nalem  de  Ix  operariis  capientibus  cibum  sufficientem  et  non  ad 
assisam ;  cum  expensis  vii  virgatarum  i  qu.  et  di  in  opere  in 
Wystowe  quorum  quilibet  virgatarius  inveniet  ii  falcatores  cum  ii 


1  Or  turn  f 

96 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

laborariis  sequentibus  in  falcatione  ordei  et  ii  falcatores  cum  ii 
laborariis  sequentibus  in  falcatione  pisarum  et  ii  laborarios  in  fru- 
raento  nietendo,  ordeo  ligando  vel  rastando,  et  semivirgata  eodem 
mode  pro  rac'  in  Wystowe  ;  ac  cum  expensis  iiii  falcatorium  et  di- 
midii  et  ix  laborariorum  de  iiii  virgatis  terrse  et  dimidia  in  Ravele 
in  opere,  quisque  per  i  diem  capiens  cibum  sufficientem  et  non  ad 
assisam,  et  quilibet  capere  solebat  i  panem  unde  viii  de  i  bu.  et  sin- 
guli  ii  (sic)  i  ferculum :  pretium  i  d.,  et  i  lescam  casei :  pretium  ob. ; 
cum  expensis  ballivi  Johannis  Sabyne,  carucariorum  Johannis  Syme, 
Ricardi  Barone  a  festo  Natalis  Domini  usque  festum  Michaelis, 
Johannis  Gernoun  porcarii,  Emmse  Sabyne  siccatoris  brasei,  Wil- 
lelmi  bakere  a  festo  Purificationis  usque  Pascham,  Johannis  Wryghte 
tempore  seminis  ordei  et  pisarum  ;  cum  expensis  laborariorum  con- 
ductorum  pro  frumento  metendo,  ordeo  ligando  et  rastando ;  ac 
cum  expensis  senescalli  ad  letam  et  curiam  et  ad  supervidendum 
manerium,  et  aliorum  supervenientium  ut  patet  per  parcellam,  xxiii 
s.  iiii  d.     De  stauro  ut  extra. 

Wystowe,  anno  domini  Johannis  abbatis  tricesimo.' 

....  Idem  respondet  de  xxii  qit.  ii  bn.  de  .  .  .  .  hoc  anno 
Summa  xxx  ....  ii  ...  . 

In  semine  super  xxvi  acras  iii  rodas  videlicet  super  ....  i  .... 
eddle  iiii  acras  i  roda  Chesebirge  continent'  ....  v  ....  pro 
semine  xiii  acrpe  i  roda  et  residuum  cum  pisis,  super  acram  iii  bit. 
....  in  toto  i  qu.  ii  bit. ;  et  in  liberatione  famulorum  ut  inferius, 
V  qu.  ii  bu. ;  et  in  pane  farinae  pro  expensis  senescalli  ad  letam  .... 
maner',  ac  cum  pane  farin?e  pro  expensis  precariarum  carucarum, 
precariarum  autumpni  pro  toto  ....  maner',  xvi  qu.  iiii  bu. ;  et 
soluti  ^pro  mutuo  anni  prsecedentis  videlicet  nihil  ad  hue;  et  in 
venditione  super  compotum  iii  qu.  vi  bu.  pro  .... 

Ordeum.     Et  in  i  qu.  vi  bu.  de  remanente  in  manerio  ten  .... 

c 

et  de  ii  xi  qu.  de  toto  exitu  lioc  anno  ....  operar' 

conduct'  et  pro  famulis ;  et  de  xxi  qu.  iiii  bu.  receptis  apud  .... 

c 
de  providentia  domini  per  talliam.  Summa  ii  xliiii  qu.  ii  bu. 

De  quibus  in  semine  super  Ixxii  acras  diniidiam,  videlicet  super 

Estlonge  iii  acras  ;  Ridelondweye  i  acram  dimidiam  .  .  .  .  ii  acras 

iii  rodas;  Inlonde  xxvi  acras  dimidiam;  hydehadelond  i  acram  iii 

rodas;  Coppedhegehedlond  iii  rodas ;  Bu  ....  dole  ex  parte boreali 

ix  acras  i  rodam ;  eandem  peciam  ex  parte  australi  xix  acras  di- 

'  See  first  note  on  this  roll.  ^  "  xiiii  s."  is  written  in  the  margin. 

7  97 


APPENDIX. 

midiam  ;  eandera  peciam  in  medio  vii  acras  dimidiam,  super  acram 
V  bii.  minus  in  toto  xii  qu.  iiii  bu.  di.,  xli  qu.  vi  ha. ;  et  in  sustenta- 
tione  porcelloium  et  pulcinorum,  v  qu. ;  et  liberata  ballivo  de  Up- 

XX 

wode,  X  qu.  ;  et  in  braseo  fuso  ut  inferius,  c  iiii  v  qu.  vi  bu. 

Et  remanent  i  qu.  vi  bu.  in  manu  Thomas  Goulere  et  Johannis 
barcarii  domini. 

Pisae.  Et  de  i  qu.  de  remanente  ;  et  de  xxix  qu.  vi  bu.  de  toto  exitu 
hoc  anno  trituratis  per  faraulos  et  per  operarios  conductos 
ad  mensem  ;  et  de  viii  qu.  receptis  de  providentia  domini  apud  Rame- 
seiam  ;  et  de  x  qu.  de  exitu  prsedicto  per  sestimationem  in  garbis ; 
et  de  i  qu.  ii  bu.  fabarum  recepto  apud  Rameseiam  de  providentia 
domini.  Summa  1  qu. 

De  quibus  in  semine  super  Ixxvii  acras,  videlicet  super  Brigge- 
dole  X  acras  dimidiam  ;  Netherclayhille  vii  acras,  i  rodam  ;  Over- 
clay  hille  ix  acras  dimidiam,  Elderstub  ix  acras,  i  rodam  ;  Wolston- 
croft  vii  acras,  i  rodam ;  Pidlehille  vii  acras,  dimidiam ;  Aldebury 
xiii  acras,  parcellam  de  Hemplonde  vii  acras  per  sestimationem ;  et 
residuum  cum  frumento,  supra  Kilneweye  vi  acras,  iii  [rodas]  super 
acram  iii  bu.,  plus  in  toto  iiii  qu.  v  bu.,  xxxiii  qu.  iiii  bu. ;  et  in 
liberatione  famulorum  ut  inferius,  v  qu.  ii  bu. ;  et  in  porcis  impin- 

XX  XX  X 

guendis  pro  lardario  domini,  coquina,  lardario  nianerii,  sk',  per 
aestimationem  in  garbis,  iiii  qu. ;  et  in  porcis  campestralibus  susti- 
nendis  per  annum  in  garbis  per  aestimationem,  i  qu. ;  et  in  rewardo 
equorum  carectarum,  'afFrorum  et  agnorum  per  sestimationem  in 
garbis  v  qu. ;  et  in  venditione  super  compotum,  ii  bu.  pro  .... 

Et  remanet  i  qu.  in  manu  Ricardi  Westone  de  Wenyngtone. 

Vescte.  De  iii  bu.  di  seminatis  anno  pr^cedente  nihil  hie  de 
exitu  quia  expendebantur  in  sustentatione  equorum 
carectarum  et  aft'rorum  ;  et  de  iiii  bu.  receptis  de  providentia  domini 
apud  Rameseiam.  Summa  iiii  bu. 

Et  computantur  in  semine  i  acra;  super  litillesdyrstub  q'  per 
acram,  iii  bu.,  plus  in  toto  i  bu.     Et  teque. 

Avense.  De  iii  qu.  avenarum  seminatis  anno  praecedente  nicbil 
hie  de  exitu  quia  liberati  pro  decima  et  chepp' ;  et  ])ro 
sustentatione  equorum,  affrorum,  vitulorum  et  omnium  matricium 
in  garbis ;  et  de  iii  qu.  receptis  de  clerico  granarii.    Summa  iii  qu. 

De  quibus  in  sennne  super  iii  acras  i  rodam  super  litillehille  in 
xiiii  selionibus,  super  acram  iiii  bu.  minus  in  toto  i  bu.,  i  qu.  iiii  bu. ; 
et  in  farina  pro  potagio  famulorum  et  pro  hospitio,  i  qu.  iiii  bu. ;  et 

^  "  viii  d.  "  is  wriUcn  in  the  margin. 

98 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

in  praebenda  equi  senescalli,  equorum  carectarum  et  equorum  siiper- 
venientium  nihil  hie  quia  in  garbis. 

XX 

Braseum.     Et  de  lix  qiL  ii  bu.  de  remanente  in  graiiario ;  et  c  iiii 

V  qu.  vi  bu.  do  I'actura  hoc  anno  de  ordeo  superius  fuso ; 

et  de  X  qu.  iiii  bit.  de  mictis,  ut  remanet  de  singulis,  xvii  qit.  grout 

liberatis  clerico  pistrini  Rameseia3  i  qu.  prout  computatuni  est  per 

c 

examinationem  mensural.  Summa  ii  Iv  qu.  iiii  bu. 

De  quibus,  brasei  pro  expensis  senescalli  ad  letam  et  ad  super- 
videndum  manerium,  ac  pro  expensis  ad  precarias  carucarum,  pre- 
carias  autunipnales,  ac  pro  expensis  in  manerio  per  totum  annum, 
xxxvi  qit.  ii  bu. ;  et  liberata  clerico  pistrini  Rameseise  per  talliani 
cii  qu. 

Et  remanent  in  granario  cxvii  qu,.  ii  bu. 

Liberationes  famulorum.     Et  de  v  qu.  ii  bu.  frumenti  et  v  qu.  ii 

bu.    pisarum    receptis    superius    pro 
liberatione  famulorum.  Summa  x  qu,.  iiii  bu. 

De  quibus  liberata  wodewardo  per  annum,  capienti  quartarium 
ad  X  septimanas  in  p  .  .  .  ,,  v  qu.  i  bu.,  di.  ii  qu. ;  et  in  liberatione 
i  carectarii  et  i  vaccarii  per  annum,  cuilibet  qu,.  ad  xii  septimanas, 
viii  qit.  iiii  bu.     Et  seque. 

Equi  carectarum.     De  remanentibus  iiii.     Et  remanent  iiii  equi 

carectarum. 
Affri.     De  remanentibus  iiii.     De  providentia  doraini  i ;  de  extra 

huris  [i].     Et  remanent  vi  affri  unde  i  apud  Hough  tone. 
Boves.     De  remanentibus  ix.     De  adjunctione  i.     Summa  x.    De 
quibus  necatus  pro  expensis  quia  longeseke  i.     Et  rema- 
nent ix  boves. 

Tauri.     De  remanentibus  ii.     Et  remanent  ii  tauri. 

Vaccse.     De  remanentibus  vi.     De  adjunctione  i.     Summa  vii. 

Et  remanent  vii  vacc?e  unde  in  marisco. 
Bovetti.  ]      De  remanentibus.      Summa  ii.     De  quibus  in  ad- 
Juvenci.  j  junctione  cum  bobus  supra  i,  et  vaccis  i.     Et  a^que. 
Boviculi.      I      De  remanentibus  ii.     De  quibus  necatus  pro  lar- 
Juvencula;.  \  dario  manerii  i.      Et  remanet  i  bovettus. 

Superannati.     De  remanentibus  ii.     Et  remanent  ii 
juvenculae. 
^j.     ,.    f       De  remanentibus.     De  remanentibus  iiii.     Et  rema- 
'  ^   nent  iiii  vituli  superannati. 

De  exitu.     De  exitu  vii.     De  quibus  in  morina  iii. 
^  Et  remanent  iiii  vituli  de  exitu. 
99 


nihil  hie  quia  per  Johannem   Schepperde   in 
compoto  per  se. 


APPENDIX. 

Coria.     De  remanentibus  iii.     De  averiis  superius  necatis  pro 

hospitio  et  in  morina,  videlicet  de  bobus  i,  de  boviculis  i, 

de  vitulis  iii.     Sumnia  viii.     De  qnibus  putrida  in  marisco  nihil; 

et  in  hernesio  reparando  ii.     Et  remanent  vi  coria  in  manu  ballivi. 

Multones 

Oves  matrices 

Hogg'  et  porci 

Agni 

Pelles 

Pelleteriae 

Pelliculi 

Vellera. 

Apri.     De  remanentibus  v.     Summa  v.     De  quibus  liberatus  ad 
coquinam  domini  i,  et  liberatus  usque  Bigg'  i.     Et  rema- 
nent iii  apri. 

Sues.     De  remanentibus  iiii.     De  emptione  iii  de  Ricardo  Rede. 
Summa  vii.     De  quibus  necati  pro  lardario  in  hospitio 
iiii.     Et  remanent  iii  sues. 

Porci.     De  remanentil)us  xix.     De  adjunctione  xxiii.     Sumnia 
xlii.     De  quibus  liberati   celerario   pro  lardario  domini 
XX ;  et  necati  pro  lardario  manerii  ii ;  et  necati  pro  hospitio  et  in 
autumpno  de  sk'  x.     Et  remanent  x  porci. 

Porculi.     De   remanentibus   xxiii,    et   adjunguntur   cum    porcis 

supra.     Et  aeque. 
Porcelli.     De  exitu  xlv.    De  emptione  vi.    Summa  Ii.    De  quibus 
liberati  ad  coquinam   domini  vi ;  et  liberati  Thomse 
Geldesowe  i ;  et  in  morina  xxx.     Et  remanent  xiiii  porcelli. 

Parvse  baconum  cum  exitu  porcorum.     Nihil  hie  quia  expendun- 

tur  in  hospitio  ;  et  seque. 
Unctum.     De  vi  ])orcis  superius  necatis  nichil  quia  eomputnntur 

in  expensis  pro  carectis  unguendis  ;  et  a-que. 

Auca).     De  remanentibus  vi  quorum  v  mariol'.     De  exitu  xxv. 

Summa  xxxi.     De  quibus  liberata>  ad  coquinam  domini 

xii ;  et  celerario  nihil  quia  in  denario  solito  (dc)  viii ;  et  in  morina, 

et  in  devoratione  per  wipes,  xiiii.     Et  remanent  vi  aucfe  quorum  v 

mariol'. 

Annates.     De  remanentibus  v  quorum  iiii  eirr'.     De  exitu  xx. 
Summa  xxv.     De  quibus  in  venditione  super  compo- 
tum  XX  ...  .     Et  remanent  v  annates  quorum  iiii  eirr'.' 

*  "xx  (I."  is  written  in  the  margin. 
100 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

Capones.     De  factura  hoc  anno  xxiiii.     Summa  xxiiii.     De  qui- 
bus  liberati  ad  coquinam  domini  xviii.     Et  remanent 
vi  capones. 

Gallina?.     De  remanentibus  xi,  unde  pro  stipite  vii   quorum  i 

gallus.     De  redditu  virgatarum  in  opere  et  censu  solito 

de  quolibet  ii  gallinse,  nihil  quia  relaxantur  custumariis,  hoc  anno 

nullus 

ix°,  causa  mutationis  operum  suorum.     De  ii  cotmannis  in  opere  et 

ii 

censu  et  ii  hidemannis  in  opere  de  quolibet  i  gallus,  iii  gallinaj. 

Summa  xv.     Et  remanent  xv  gallinte  unde  pro  stipite  vii  quorum 

i  gallus. 

c 
Ova.     De  exitu  ii  Ix.     De  redditu  virgatarum  in  opere  et  censu 

solito  de  quolibet  xl  ova  nihil  causa  ut  supra.     De  ii  cot- 

nullus 

mannis  in  opere  et  censu  et  ii  hidemannis  in  opere,  de  quolibet  x 
ova,  xl  ova.     De  Avota  Barone  pro  i  crofta  quondam  Willelmi 

C     XX 

Lawe,  v  ova.     De  emptione  c.     Summa  iii  v  v.     De  quibus  liberata 

c 
celerario  nihil  causa  ut  supra ;  et  liberata  ad  coquinam  domini  iii ; 

XX 

et  in  expensis  in  hospitio  v  v.     Et  seque. 

Pulcini.  De  exitu  xlii.  De  emptione  xxii.  Summa  Ixiiii.  De 
quibus  liberati  ad  coquinam  domini  per  talliam,  xxxvi ; 
et  in  caponum  factura  superius,  xxiiii ;  et  in  expensis  in  hospitio 
iiii.     Et  geque. 

Gallinse  silvestrales.  De  redditu  volatilium  hoc  anno  nichil. 
Nichil. 

Opera  hyemalia  ad  obolum.     De  praidictis  virgatis  in  opere  in 

Wystowe  a  festo  sancti  Michael  is 
Archangeli  usque  vigiliam  Pentecostse  per  septimanas  et  dies  quo- 
rum operabiles  solito  (sic)  de  virgata  per  septimanam  iii  opera,^  die- 
bus  Lunse,  Martis  et  Mercurii  deductis  ut  in  kalendario  et  deductis 
diebus  testis  super  dies  suos  contingentibus,  nihil  quia  relaxantur 
custumariis  domini,  hoc  anno  ix.  De  eisdem  pro  ii  diebus  Jovis 
contra  Natalem  Domini  et  Pascham  nihil  causa  ut  supra.  De  cot- 
mannis in  opere  per  idem  tempus,  solito  de  quolibet  per  septimanam 
i  opus  die  luna?,  nihil  causa  prtedicta.     Nihil. 

Opera  gestivalia  ad  ub.  qii.     De  priedictis  virgatis  in  opere  in  Wis- 

towe  a  festo  Pentecostse  usque  vigi- 
liam Guise  Augusti  per  septimanas  et  dies  quorum  operabiles  solito 

^  Perhaps  the  text  should  read  operibm  to  agree  in  case  with  solito. 

101 


APPENDIX. 


de  virgata  per  septimanam  iii  opera  diebus  supradictis,  nihil  causa 
prsedicta.  De  eisdem  pro  i  die  Jovis  contra  festum  sancti  Bene- 
dict!, nihil  causa  ut  supra.  De  cotmannis  in  opere  per  idem  tem- 
pus  solito  de  quolibet  per  septimanam  i  opus,  nihil  causa  prsedicta. 
Nihil. 

Opera  autumpnalia  ad  i  d.  oh.     De  pra^dictis  virgatis  in  opere  a 

Gula  August!  usque  vigiliam  Na- 
tivitatis  beatte  Marian  per  v  septimanas  et  iii  dies  solito  de  virgata 

ii  i  ii       _         ii  _ 

per  septimanam  viii  opera  diebus  LuniB,  Martis,  Mercurii,  Jovis  et 
Veneris,  nihil  causa  ut  supra.  De  ii  hidemannis  in  opere  per  idem 
tempus  de  quolibet  per  septimanam  i  opus  die  Lunse,  x  opera.  De 
cotmannis  in  opere  per  idem  tempus  solito  de  quolibet  i  opus  die 
Lunaj,  nihil  causa  prsedicta. 

Opera  post  autumpnum  ad  i  d.     De  pra^dictis  virgatis  in  opere  a 

festo  Nativitatis  beatse  Maria3 
usque  vigiliam  santi  Michaelis  per  iii  septimanas  solito  de  virgata 
per  septimanam  iii  opera  diebus  Luna,  Martis  et  Mercurii,  nihil 
causa  ut  supra.  De  ii  hidemannis  in  opere  per  idem  tempus,  de 
quolibet  per  septimanam  i  opus  die  luna?,  vi  opera. 

Pratum  falcabile.     In  Thornbrigge  v  acraj  iii  rodse  x  perticffi,  di. ; 

Benmede  x  acrae  di  et  vi  perticaj  di.     In  le 

Holme,  iii  acraj  xi  perticffi  ;  fulbrookslade,  ii  acra?,  iii  perticae ;  Wol- 

weymede,  iii  acrae,  di.  xxxiii  perticae.     In  le  Redyng  pra^ter  pas- 

turam,  i  roda,  xvi  perticffi ;  Aldeburyslade,  i  acra. 

De  quibus  dimissae  ut  inferius :  in  Wolweymade  iii  acra  di.  xxxiii 
perticai ;  in  Aldeburyslade  i  acra,  et  datae  Johanni  Bekere  Juniori 
per  senescallum  in  Fulbrookslade  ii  acrae  iii  perticas ;  et  falcantur 
ad  manerium  cum  Redynge,  xiv  acrae  iii  rodaj,  iiii  pertica\ 

Fenum.     De  remanente,  xl  carectae  feni.     De  exitu  priedictarum 

acrarum  falcatarum  hoc  anno,  xlv  carectae  feni. 
De  quibus  liberataj  ad  abbathiam  cum  carectis  custumariorum,  v 
carecta;  feni ;  et  in  sustentatione  equorum  carectarum,  afiVorum, 
hoggastriorum   et  omnium  matricium  et  agnorum,  xxxix  carectae 
feni. 

Acrae  seminatae. 

Arura.     De  vii  virgatis  qu.  et  di.  in  opere  in  Wystowe  unde  de 

quolibet  (sic)  de   iiii  virgatis  integris  pro  antiquis  pre- 

cariis,  iii  arurte ;  et  de  quolibet  de  iiii,  qu.  et  di.,  de  quolibet  vi 

arurje,  xxxii  arura.     De  eisdem  vii  virgatis  qu.  et  di.  pro  novis  pre- 

cariis,  de  quolibet  iiii  arura3,  xxx  arura.     De  iiii  virgatis  terra  di. 

102 


COMPOTUS    ROLLS    OF    WISTOWE. 

in  opere  in  Ravele,  de  qnolibet  iii  aruree,  xii  arurai.  De  eisdem  pro 
novis  precariis,  de  quolibet  ii  arurse,  viii  arurse.  De  Ricardo 
Wryghte  pro  iii  antiquis  precariis,  iii  arurte.  De  Johanne  Randolf 
pro  eisdem,  iii  arurce.  De  Ricardo  Barkere,  i  arura.  De  Johanne 
Owty,  i  arura.     De  Ricardo  Bronne  de  Ravele,  iii  arurse. 

Opera  herciatura?.  De  pra^dictis  vii  virgatis  qii,.  et  cli.,  de  quolibet 
iiii  herciaturaj,  et  qua^libet  herciatura  cum  ii 
equis,  xxix  herciatura.  De  iiii  virgatis  terrae  et  dimidia  in  opere  in 
Ravele,  iiii  herciaturse. 

Cariagium.     Memorandum  quod  prtedictse  vii  virgatffi  qu.  et  di. 

in  opere  quod  quilibet  eorum  cariabit  usque  Rame- 

seiam  x  qu.  brasei ;  et  quilibet  de  iiii  virgatis  di.  in  opere  in  Ravele 

XX 

V  qu.  brasei ;  et  sic  possunt  cariare  iiii  xiiii  qti.  .  .  .  et  non  care- 
antur  (sic)  ad  hue  hoc  anno. 

Lavatio  bidentum.  Pro  quo  quilibet  custumarius  qui  tenet  vir- 
gatam  vel  semivirgatam  vel  quartarium  solvet 
i  d.  vocatum  Wassyngpeny  ballivo  manerii  unde  non  oneratur  in 
Rentale  quia  facit  opus. 

Tonsio  bidentum.  Item  quilibet  custumarius  in  opere,  censu 
et  arentatione  qui  tenet  virgatam,  semivir- 
gatam vel  quartarium,  et  cotmannus  et  hydemannus  tam  in  opere 
quam  in  arentatione,  inveniet  i  laborarium  pro  bidentibus  domini 
tondendis  per  i  diem,  et  quilibet  custumarius  de  Ravele  eodem 

modo. 

Sarculatio.  De  prsedictis  vii  virgatis  qu.  et  di.  in  opere  de  quoli- 
bet vi  opera ;  videlicet  quilibet  virgatarius  in  opere 
sarculabit  per  vi  dies  in  tribus  septimanis,  xliiii  opera.  De  iiii  vir- 
gatis di.  in  opere  in  Ravele,  de  quolibet  ii  opera,  ix  opera. 

Falcatio  prati.  Omnes  custumarii  falcabunt  pratum  de  Thorn- 
briggmede  ut  solito  de  antiquitate  et  levabunt. 
De  prsedictis  vii  virgatis  qu.  et  di.  in  opere,  de  quolibet  ii  opera,  vide- 
licet quilibet  virgatarius  inveniet  ii  falcatores  per  i  diem  integrum 
pro  prato  dominicaj  falcando  in  loco  sibi  assignato,  xv  opera.  De  i 
virgata  et  di.  in  secunda  arentatione,  de  semivirgata  i  opus,  iii  opera. 
De  Ricardo  Berker,  i  opus.     De  Johanne  Outy,  Thakker,  i  opus. 

Precarise  autumpnales.     Ad  quam  custumiam  omnes  custumarii 

in  opere  et  arentatione  tam  in  Wistowe 
quam  in  Ravele  cum  omnibus  servientibus  eorum,  uxore  sua  ex- 
cepta,  venient  per  i  diem  pro  blado  dominicse  metendo  vel  ligando, 


XX 

iiii  opera. 


103 


APPENDIX. 

Opera  autumpnalia  in  falcatione.     De  prsedictis  vii  virgatis  qu.  et 

di.  in  opere,  de  quolibet  iiii 
opera,  et  qiiodlibet  opus  continet  in  se  dietam  unius  falcationis  cum 
laborariis  sequentibus,  Unde  medietas  in  falcatione  ordei  et  altera 
medietas  in  falcatione  pisarum,  xxix  opera  et  dimidium.  De  prse- 
dictis  iiii  virgatis  terra?  et  dimidia  in  Ravele  eodem  modo  quo  supra, 
iiii  opera.  De  Ricardo  Barkere,  i  opus.  De  .Johanne  Outy,  Thak- 
kere,  i  opus. 

Opera  autumpnalia.  De  ii  hydemannis  in  opere,  de  quolibet  per 
septimanam  i  opus  die  lunse  inter  Gulam 
Augusti  et  Nativitatem  beata?  Marise,  xii  opera.  De  praedictis  vii 
virgatis  qu.  di.,  de  quolibet  ii  opera,  pro  quolibet  opere  inveniet  i 
hominem  per  i  diem  pro  blado  ligando  et  rastrondo,  xv  opera.  De 
iiii  virgatis  di.  terra?  in  Ravele,  de  quolibet  i  opus  ut  supra,  iiii  opera 
et  dimidium. 

Opera  post  autumpnum.     De  prtedictis  ii  liidemannis  in  opere 

per  iii  septimanas  inter  festum  Nativi- 
tatis  beatae  Marise  et  sancti  Michaelis,  de  quolibet  per  septimanam 
i  opus,  vi  opera.  De  praedictis  vii  virgatis  qtt.  et  di.  in  opere,  de 
quolibet  per  idem  tempus  ii  opera,  et  inveniet  pro  quolibet  opere  i 
falcatorem  pro  stipula  falcanda,  xv  opera. 

Custus  pisarum.  De  prsedictis  iiii  virgatis  terrse  et  dimidia  in 
opere  in  Ravele.  de  quolibet  ii  opera,  ix  opera 
videlicet  pro  quolibet 

Rental  of  Wistowe,  1381.* 

Wystowe.     Rentale  renovatum  anno  domini  Edmundi  abbatis  iii". 
Redditus        Jobannes  Gernoun  pro  terra  et  tenemento 

assisffi.         suo  liberat  de  redditu  assisse  per  annum :  xii  d. 

Redditus  i      Thomas  Outy  pro  sua  demivirgata  terra? 

demivir-     quondam  Thomse  Frere  in  opere,  videlicet 

gatarii  in    dat   ad   auxilium    vicecomitis  iii   d. ;    ad 

opere.  heuchire,  vi  d. ;  ad  maltsilver,  ii  d.  oh. ;  ad 

fisshsilver  inferius  in  titulo  per  se  de  sin- 

gulo  custumario ;  ad  argentuni  vinete,  ob.  ; 

ad  wethersilver  ob.  di.  qa. ;   ad   tallagium 

ut  inferius  de  singulo  custumario  :       xii  d.  ob.  di.  qu. 


'  Brit.  Mus.,  Add.  Ch.,  39919. 

104 


RENTAL    OP    WISTOWE. 


ob.  qu. 


1111  s. 


Adcensum.  Thomas  Eliot  pro  i  quartario  dimidise 
virgataj  terrse  quondam  Thomas  Andrew 
ad  censum  dat  ad  auxilium  vicecomitis  i 
d.  ob. ;  ad  heuchire,  iii  d. ;  ad  maltsilver,  i 
d.  qu. ;  ad  fisshsilvere  inferius  per  se  in 
titulo  de  singulo  custumn,rio,  et  solvit  ad 
tallagium  ut  inferius  :  v  d. 

Idem  Thomas  solvit  pro  censu  prwdicti 
quartarii  terrse  :  iii  s.  iiii  d. 

In  opere.  Ricardus  Sabyn  et  Johannes  Eliot  pro 
altero  quartario  ejusdem  dimidise  virgatse 
terrte  in  opere  secundum  portionem  ut 
Thomas  Outy  :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii*  pars  i  qu. 

In  opere.  Johannes  Marchaunt  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terrie  in  opere  quondam  Johannis  Waryn 
facit  sicut  prasdictus  Thomas  Outy :  xii  (/.  ob.  di.  qu. 

Ad  censum.  Johannes  Bronnote  pro  i  cotlando  ad  cen- 
sum, quondam  Johannis  Sabyn,  solvit  ad 
tallagium  et  solvit  pro  censu  : 

Redditus        Willelmus  of  the  Wolde  pro  dimidia  vir- 
assisaj.         gata  terra?  liberse  quondam  Andrete  Parys 
de  redditu  assisse : 

Redditus        Johannes  Page  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrse 
assisse.         liberse  quondam  Roberti  de  Cotes  de  red- 
ditu assisse : 

In  opere.  Robertus  Hiche  pro  dimidia  virgata  terras 
quondam  Roberti  Randolf  in  opere  facit 
in  omnibus  ut  Thomas  Outy  :  xii  d.  ob.  di.  qu. 

In  opere.  Johannes  Goulere  et  Emma  Randolf  pro 
dimidia  vix'gata  terrse  quondam  Willelmi 
Arnalde  in  opere,  et  faciunt  in  omnibus 
sicut  prsedictus  Thomas  Outy :  xii  d.  ob.  di.  qu. 

In  opere.  Thomas  Baroun  pro  dimidia  virgata  terra? 
quondam  Willelmi  Baroun  in  opere  facit 
in  omnibus  sicut  prsedictus  Thomas :  xii  d.  ob.  di.  qu. 

In  opere.  Ricardus  Holbeche  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terrse  quondam  Johannis  Sabyn  in  opere 
facit  in  omnibus  sicut  prsedictus  Thomas  : 

xii  d.  ob.  di.  qu. 

In  opere.         Johannes  Eliot  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrse 

105 


111  s. 


Ill  s. 


ix  d. 


ix  d. 


APPENDIX. 


quondam  Roberti  Rede  in  opere  facit  in 
omnibus  sicut  prsedictus  Thomas :      xii  d.  oh.  di.  qii. 

In  opere.  Thomas  Elliot  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrse 
quondatn  Joliannis  Eliot  in  opere,  facit 
in  omnibus  ut  prsedictus  Thomas :     xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 

Adcensum.  Ricardus  Wodecok  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terrse  quondam  Johannis  de  Wenyngton 
ad  censum  pro  custuma :  xi  (/.  oh. 

Idem    Ricardus   pro   censu    ejusdem    di- 
midiae  virgatse  terrse :  vi  s.  viii  d. 

Ad  censum.  Idem  Ricardus  pro  i  quartario  dimidiaj 
virgatte  terra  quondam  Benedicti  Waryn 
ad  censum  secundum  portionem :  v  d.  oh.  qu. 

Idem  Ricardus  pro  censu  ejusdem  terra;:  iii  s.  iiii  d. 

In  opere.  Willehnus  Taillour,  pro  altero  quartario 
terrse  ejusdem  tenementi  in  opere,  facit 
secundum  ratam  portionem  sicut  prse- 
dictus  Thomas  Outy :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii'  pars  i  qu. 

In  opere.  Idem  Willelmus  pro  i  hidlando  in  opere 
quondam  Roberti  Smyth  de  redditu  per 
annum  prater  opera : 

In  opere.  Johannes  Brunote  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terrse  in  opere  quondam  Stepliani  patris 
sui  facit  pro  eodem  (sic)  in  omnibus  sicut 
l)riiedictus  Thomas  Out}':  xii  d.  oh.  di 

In  opere.  Johannes  Kyng  pro  dimidia  virgata  terra? 
in  opere  quondam  Willelmi  Walteri  facit 
sicut  pnedictus  Thomas:  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 

In  opere.  Ricardus  Revessone  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terrse  in  opere  quondam  Rogeri  Kyng  facit 
sicut  prtedictus  Thomas :  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 

In  opere.  Johannes  le  Rede  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terrse  in  opere  quondam  Thomas  Rede 
facit  sicut  prsedictus  Thomas :  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 

In  opere.  Johannes  Gulere  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrse 
quondam  Thoma;  Housbonde  in  opere 
facit  sicut  pradictus  Thomas :  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 

In  opere.  P^mma  Randolf  i)ro  dimidia  virgata  terrse 
quondam  Joliannis  Randolf  in  opere  facit 
sicut  prtedictus  Thomas :  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 

106 


xii  d. 


qu. 


RENTAL    OF    WISTOWE. 


iii  d. 


In  opere. 


Ad  censum. 


Redditvis 
assisse. 

Ad  censum. 


Antiqui 

census. 
Firma. 


Redditus 

assisffi. 

Redditus 
assise. 

Redditus 
assisffi. 

In  opere. 


Ad  censum. 


Willelmus  Waryn  pro  dimidia  virgata  ter- 
rse  quondam  Thonia?  Haukyn  quia  stat  in 
officio  ballivi  ai)ud  Wardeboys  (juietus  et 
aliter  ad  censum  :  nichil  ad  censum 

Idem  Willelmus  Waryn  pro  dimidia  vir- 
gata terrse  quondam  Thomse  Waryn  tam 
prsedictus :  nichil  in  opere 

Johannes   Haukyn   pro  dimidia   virgata 
terrse  quondam  Willelmi  Haukyn  patris 
sui  in  opere,  et  facit  in  omnibus  sicut  prse- 
dictus Thomas  Outy  :  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu 
Robertus  Hiche  pro  dimidia  virgata  ten ta 
ad  censum  quondam  Thomaj  Housbonde 
pro  custuma :  xi  d.  oh 
Idem  Robertus  pro  censu  ejusdem  terra?:  vi  s.  viii  d 
Robertus  Smyth  pro  manso  suo  cum  for- 
gia  in  communa  de  redditu  assisa?  cum 


iiii  d.  ob. 

incremento 


vi  d. 


Robertus  Rede  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrse 
ad  censum  quondam  Galfridi  Rede  pro 
custuma :  xi  d.  oh. 

Idem  Robertus  pro  censu  eiusdem  di- 
midise  terrse :  vi  s.  viii  d. 

Johannes  Catelene  pro  i  cotagio  quondam 
Johannis  of  the  Hall  de  antiquo  censu  :  ii  s. 

Stephanus  Ailmar  pro  i  mesuagio  et  vi 
acris  terras  quondam  Johannis  Mice  ad- 
quisitis  in  dominico  ;  vii  s. 

Agnes  Philip  pro  mesuagio  suo  quondam 
Thomas  Oliveri  de  feodo  prioris  sancti 
Ivonis :  xii  d. 

Simon  Barkere  pro  mesuagio  suo  de  feodo 
ejusdem  quondam  Johannis  Barkere:  xii  d. 

Ricardus  de  Ely  pro  mesuagio  suo  de 
eodem  feodo  quondam  Roberti  Haukyn :  xii  d. 

Johannes  Rede  pro  i  quartario  dimidise 
virgatee  terrse  quondam  Roberti  Rogeri  in 
opere  facit  ut  Thomas :         vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii°  pars  i  qu. 
Willelmus  Sabyn  pro  altero  quartario  prse- 
dicti  tenement!  ad  censum  pro  custuma :  v  d.  oh.  qu. 
107 


APPENDIX. 


d. 


xii  d. 


Idem  Willelmus  pro  censu  prsedicti  quar- 
tarii  terrse :  i^i  ^ 

In  opere.         Willelmus  Taillour  et  Johannes  de  Welle 
l)ro  dimidia  virgata  terrse  in  opere  quon- 
dam Thomffi  Randolf  pro  custuma:  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu 
In  opere.         Robertus  Rede  pro  i  hidlando  in  opere 
quondam  Johannis  in  the  hirne  de  red 
ditu. 

In  opere.         Adam  Brunne  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrse 

in   opere  quondam    Thomai   Palmere   in 

onmibus  sicut  Thomas  Out}^ :  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu 

In  opere.         Johannes  att  iate  pro  i  hidlando  in  opere 

quondam  Johannis  Malgiere  de  redditu: 

.In  opere.         Andreas  Smyth  pro  i  hidlando  in  opere 

quondam  Johannis  Albyn  de  redditu : 
In  opere.         Ricardus  Sabyn  pro  i  hidlando  in  opere 

quondam  Thomse  Sutore  de  redditu : 
Antiqui  Radulfus  Sabyn  pro  terra  et  tenemento 

census.        quondam  Willelmi  de  Graf  ham  de  anti- 
quo  censu: 
Ad  censum.    Ricardus  Catelene  pro  i  cotlando  ad  cen- 
sum  quondam  Johannis  Cohere  solvit  ad 
tallagium  et  custumam  et  pro  censu : 
In  officio.       Stephanus  atteiate    pro   dimidia   virgata 
terrte  quondam  Willelmi  Akirman  stat  in 
officio  akirmanni ; 
Ad  censum.      Willelmus  Barkere  pro  dimidio  cotlando 
quondam  Johannis  Oliveri  ad  censum,  de 
censu : 

Et  idem  Willelmus  solvit  ad  tallagium  : 
Arenta-  Idem  Willelmus  pro  dimidia  virgata  ter- 

tiones.          rte  quondam  Johannis  Ivessone  sibi  aren- 
tata-: 

Idem  Willelmus  pro  i  cotlando  quondam 
Willelmi  Piers  sibi  arentato  : 
Ad  censum.  Stephanus  Atteiate  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terras  ad  censum  quondam  Roberti  atte 
iate  patris  sui  pro  custumis  suis  : 
Et  idem  Stephanus  dat  pro  censu  ejusdem 
dimidiai  virgatse  terrte  :  vi  s.  viii  d 

108 


xii  d. 


xn 


xii  d. 


XI  s. 


iin  s. 


nichil. 


11  s. 
inferius. 


Xllll  s. 


nil  s. 


d.  oh. 


RENTAL    OF    WISTOWE. 


nil  S. 


1111  S. 


1111  S. 


nichil. 


In  opere.^  Johannes  Love  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrsR 
in  opere  quondam  Willelmi  inwel  de  red- 
ditu  pro  ciistumis  suis :  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 

In  opere.  Adam  Brunne  pro  dimidia  virgata  terra) 
in  opere  quondam  Johannis  Wardeboys 
pro  custumis  suis  :  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 

Ad  censum.  Johannes  Harseye  pro  i  cotlando  ad  cen- 
sum  quondam  Alani  May  solvit  ad  talla- 
gium  et  solvit  pro  censu  : 

Ad  censum.  Robertus  Smyth  pro  i  cotlando  ad  cen- 
sum quondam  Margerise  Basely  solvit  ad 
tallagiuni  inferius  et  solvit  pro  censu  : 

Ad  censum.  Willelinus  Webstere  pro  i  cotlando  ad  cen- 
sum quondam  Willelmi  Taillour  solvit  ad 
tallagium  inferius  et  solvit  ])ro  censu : 

In  officio.  Robertus  Rede  pro  dimidia  virgata  terras 
quondam  Johannis  in  the  hirne  in  officio 
akirmanni : 

In  opere.         Johannes  Fraunce  pro  dimidia  virgata  ter- 

rse  quondam  Adse  Brounote  in  opere :  xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 

Arenta-  Johannes  Grigge  et  Radulfus  Sabyn  pro 

tiones.  dimidia  virgata  eis  arentata :  xiii  s.  iiii  d. 

Ad  censum,  Willelmus  Sabyn  pro  dimidia  virgata  ter- 
rse  ad  censum  quondam  Ricardi  Love  pro 
custumis  suis  :  xi  d.  oh. 

Idem    Willelmus     pro    censu     prpedictte 
terrse  :  vi  s.  viii  d. 

In  officio.  Idem  Willelmus  pro  dimidia  virgata  ter- 
ras quondam  Thomre  atte  chirch  stat  in 
officio  akirmanni: 

Arenta-  Willelmus  Flexman  pro  dimidio  cotlando 

tiones.  quondam  Roberti  Lord  sibi  arentato  : 

Arenta-  Ricardus  Wodecok  pro  i  cotlando  quon- 

tiones.  dam  Roberti  Cole  sibi  arentato  : 

Ravele.  Johannes  Outy  pro  i  virgata  terrse  in  opere 

vi  d. 

Redditus     quondam  Willelmi  Outy  pro  auxilio  vice- 

xii  d.  V  d. 

i  virgatiB     comitis,  heuchire,   maltsilver,   fisshsilver 


xii  d. 


V  .s. 


^  A  hand  is  drawn  in  the  margin  opposite  this  entry. 
109 


APPENDIX. 


terrae  in 
opere. 

In  opere. 


Ad  censum. 


Redditus 

assis?e. 
Redditus 

assisse. 
Arenta- 

tiones. 
In  opere. 


In  opere. 
In  opere. 


Arenta- 
tiones. 

In  opere. 


Ad  censum. 


In  opere. 


i  d.  qu. 


nil 


nil  s. 


xii  d. 


X  s. 


de  cetero  cum  custumariis  inferius,  ar- 
id, i  d.  qu. 

gento  vinese,  Wethersilver,  ad  tallagium 
cum  custumariis  inferius :  ii  s. 

Ricardus  Hobbe  pro  quartario  dimidiic 
virgatffi  terrae  quondam  Alexandri  Frere 
in  opere  facit  secundum  ratam  i)ortionem 
ut  pra^dictus  Johannis  Outy  :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii*  pars  i  qu. 
Idem  Ricardus  pro  quartario  ejusdem  di- 
midise  virgatee  terra  ad  censum  pro  rata 
portione,  pro  custumis  suis :  v  d.  oh.  qu. 

Idem  Ricardus  pro  censu  pradicti  quar- 
tarii  terrse :  iii  s- 

Johannes  Clerevaus  pro  terra  et  tenemen- 
tis  suis  liberis : 

Idem  Johannes  pro  angerlonde  quia  semi- 
natur  et  iacet  sub  Rokesgrove  : 
Simon  Asplond  pro  dimidia  virgata  terra 
quondam  Johannis  Martyn  sibi  arentata : 
Ricardus  Hobbe  pro  i  quartario  terrse  di- 
midiae  virgatse  terrae  quondam  Nicholai 
Baroun :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii* 

Henricus  Hiche  pro  altero  quartario  ejus- 
dem terra3  in  opere :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii"'  pars  i  qu. 
Idem  Henricus  pro  i  quartario  terrae  cum 
mesuagio  quondam  Simonis  Austyn  in 
opere :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii" 
Simon  Austyn  pro  sua  dimidia  virgata 
terrae  quondam  Willelmi  Baroun  sibi 
arentata : 

Nicholas  Harrow  pro  dimidia  virgata  ter- 
rae quondam  Johannis  Catelyne  in  opere : 

xii  d.  ob.  di.  qu. 
Johannes  Baroun  i)ro  dimidia  virgata  ter- 
rae ad  censum  de  redditu  pro  custumis : 
Et  idem  pro  censu  pradictaj  dimidia  vir- 
gata terra : 
Stephanus  Hiche  pro  sua  virgata  terra  in 
opere  facit  sicut  pradictus  Johannes  Outy  :  ii  s.  i  d.  qu. 
Willehnus  Gulere  pro   dimidio  eotlando 
ad   censum   quondam  Reginaldi  Arnald 
110 


pars  1  qu. 


pars  1  qu. 


XV  s: 


xi  d.  ob. 


VI  ^^  Vlll 


RENTAL    OF    WISTOWE. 


solvit  ad  tallagium  lit  inferiuv'i,  et  solvit 
pro  censu  sieiit  i  cotmannus  pro  i  cot- 
lando  de  consuetudine : 


Rentalk'  de  Wystowe. 


Adhuc  Ravele. 


Stephanus  Hiche  pro  i  qiiartario  dimidia) 
virgatse  terr?e  quondam  Joliannis  Hol)- 
besson  sibi  arentato :  iiii  s. 

Ricardus  Hobbe  pro  quartario  ejusdum 
dimidiffi  virgakie  terras  in  opere  de  rcdditu  : 

vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii"''  pars  i  qu. 
Johannes  Vernoun  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terra?  in  opere  quondam  Alexandri  VVil- 
lessone  pro  eodem  :  xii  d.  ob.  dimidium  qu. 

Petrus  Wakyr  pro  dimidia  virgata  terras 
quondam  Himonis  Hikkesson  sibi  arentata :         ix  s. 
Idem  Petrus  pro  i  quartario  dimidife  vir- 
gatse  terras  quondam  Willelmi  Hiche  sibi 
arentato :  iii  s.  iiii  d. 

Johannes  Willessone  pro  quartario  ejus- 
dem  terra;  sibi  arentato  .  iii  s.  iiii  d. 

Johannes  Vernoun  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terrse  in  opere  quondam  Johannis  Asp- 
londe  de  redditu  :  xii  d.  oh.  dimidium  qu. 

Nicliolaus  Harrow  i)ro  quartario  dimidia; 
virgatae  terrae  quondam  Nicholai  Catelyne 
ad  censum  de  redditu  pro  custumis  pro 
rata  portione  :  v  d.  oh.  qu. 

Idem  Nicholaus  pro  censu  praedicti  quar- 
tarii :  iii  s.  iiii  d. 

In  opere.  Willelmus  Benet  pro  quartario  ejusdem 
dimidiae  virgatae  terrae  in  opere  de  red- 
ditu :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii"  pars. 

Antiqui  Anna  Gocce  pro  tofto  quondam  cotagio 

census.        quondam    Henrici    Ailmar    de    antiquo 
censu : 

Arenta-  Willelmus  Benet  pro  capitale  mesuagio  i 

tiones.         virgatae  terrae  quondam  Isoude  Grymbalde 
arentato : 

^  In  dorso. 
Ill 


Arenta- 
tiones. 

Arenta- 
tiones. 

In  opere. 


Arenta- 
tiones. 

Arenta- 
tiones. 

Arenta- 

tiones. 
In  opere. 


Ad  censum. 


xviii  d. 


APPENDIX. 


Arenta- 
tiones. 


Arenta- 

tiones. 
In  opere. 


In  opere. 


Ad  censum. 


Arenta- 

tiones. 

Arenta- 

tiones. 
In  opere. 


In  opere. 


Arenta- 
tiones. 
In  opere. 


In  opere. 
In  opere. 


Idem  Willelmus  Benet,  Petrus  Waker, 
Simon  Austyn  et  Simon  Asplond  pro  i 
virgata  terrse  quondam  pradicta?  Isoude 
ad  prsedictum  mesuagium  spectante  eis 
arentata :  xx  s. 

Ricardus  Hobbe  pro  i  cotlando  quondam 
Johannis  Barre  sibi  arentato :  ii  s.  viii  d. 

Willelmus  Benet  pro  i  quartario  terrse 
cum  i  placia  edificata  quondam  Jobannis 
Sabyn  in  opere  de  redditu  :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii*  pars. 
Willelmus  Gulere  pro  i  quartario  terrse 
cum  i  placia  vacua  in  opere  quondam 
Ricardi  Gulere  de  redditu  :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii*  pars. 

Petrus  Wakyr  pro  dimidia  virgata  terrse 
ad  censum  quondam  Johannis  Baroun, 
de  custumis : 

De  eodem  Petro  pro  censu  priedictte  terra : 
Johannes  Willeson  pro  i  tofto  quondam 
cotagio  Thomae  Ryn  cum  ii  buttes  terrse 
sibi  arentatis  de' : 
Petrus  Wakyr  pro  i  cotlando  quondam 
Simonis  Hikkesone  sibi  arentato  :  xiiii  d. 

Idem  Petrus  pro  i  cotlando  quondam 
Thomse  Hotoft  in  opere  solvit  ad  talla- 
gium  ut  inferius  de  redditu  :  Nichil. 

Johannes  Asplond  pro  iii  quartariis  terrte 
i  virgatse  terrse  quondam  Johannis  Ail- 
mar  in  opere  pro  custumis  :    xviii  d.  oh.  qu.  iii''  pars. 
Idem  Johannes  pro  i  quartario  ejusdem 
terrse  sibi  arentato,  ut  dicit :  v  s. 

Johannes  Willesson  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terrse  in  opere  quondam  Willelmi  Clerici 
pro  custumis :  xii  d.  ob.  di.  qu. 

Willelmus  Benet  pro  dimidia  virgata  ter- 
rse quondam  Thomse  Benet  patris  sui  in 


xi  d.  oh. 
vi  s.  viii  d. 

xiii  d. 


opere 


xii  d.  oh.  di.  qu. 


Ricardus  Hobbe  pro  suo  quartario  terrse 
cum  mesuagio  ad  idem  spectante  quon- 


'  The  following  word  is  crossed  out. 
112 


RENTAL    OF    WISTOWE. 


Antiqui 
census. 

In  opere. 

Ad  censum. 


dam  Nicholai  Baroun  in  opere  de  redditu 
pro  custumis  pro  ratis :  vi  d.  qu.  et  iiii"  pars. 

Johannes  Baroun  pro  i  mesuagio  edificato 
quondam  Johannis  Benet  de  antiquo 
censu  :  ii  s.  et  v  ova. 

Ricardus   Catelyne    pro   i   virgata    terras 
quondam  Stephani  Catelyne  in  opere :      ii  s.  i  d.  qu. 
Alicia  Gulere  pro  i  virgata  terrse  ad  cen- 
sum quondam  Benedicti  Gulere  pro  cus- 
tumis :  xxiii  d. 
Et  eadem  Alicia  pro  censu  prsedictse  vir- 
gatee  terrse :                                                   xiii  s.  iiii  d. 
Johannes  Clerevaux  pro  dimidia  virgata 
terrse    quondam    Stephani    Austyn    sibi 
arentata  :  ix  s. 
De  singulo  custumario  domini  in  opere  et 
censu  per  annum  de  cetero  semper  seque 
termino  Annunciationis  :                                       xvi  d. 
De  custumariis  domini  tam  de  virgatariis 
quam  de  cotmannis  et  hidmannis  in  opere, 
censu  et  officio  termino  Michaelis,  agista- 
mento  pro  averia  sua,  videlicet  pro  equo, 
ob. ;  pro  bestia,  ob.;  viii  bidentibus,  i  d.; 
viii   porcis,  i  d. ;   aliquando   mains,  ali- 
quando  minus. 

De  eisdem  custumariis  pro  termino 
Paschae  agistamento  per  terram,  videlicet 
de  virgatario,  x  d. ;  cotmanno,  i  d.  ob.,  et 
hidmanno,  ii  d.  secundum  hos  quidam 
sunt  in  opere,  censu  et  officio. 

Memorandum  de  Notesilver. 

De  pannagio. 

Firma  Willelmus  Aubyn  pro  terra  in  le  Brach 

terrse.  ad  terminos  Paschse  et  sancti  Benedicti :       iii  s.  i  d. 

Willelmus  Leightone  pro  terra  ibidem 
eisdem  terminis  :  iiii  s.  ii  d. 

Johannes  Londone  pro  terra  ibidem  eis- 
dem terminis  :  iiii  s.  ii  d. 
Emma  Miller   pro   terra   ibidem   eisdem 
terminis :                                                         iii  s.  ix  d. 
8                                          113 


Arenta- 
tiones. 

Fisshsilver. 


Tallagium : 
pro  ter- 
mino Mi- 
chaelis. 


Pro  termino 
Paschse. 


APPENDIX. 

Johannes  Wenyngton  pro    terra  ibidem 
eisdem  terminis :  iii  s.  ix  d. 

Johannes  Randolf  pro  terra  ibidem  eisdem 
terminis  :  iii  s.  iiii  d. 

Johannes  Mice  pro  terra  ibidem  eisdem 
terminis  :  iiii  s. 

Willelmus  Puke  pro  terra  ibidem  eisdem 
terminis :  ii  s.  vi  d. 

Eeymundus  rector  de  Wystowe  pro  terra 
in  Bisshopeswonge  terminis  supradictis  :  vi  s. 

Robertus  Rede  pro  terra  ibidem  eisdem 
terminis :  xii  d. 

Ricardus  de  Ely  pro  terra  ibidem  eisdem 
terminis :  xii  d. 

Stephanus  Ailmar  pro  terra  ibidem  eis- 
dem terminis :  xii  d. 
Ricardus  Sabyn  pro  terra  ibidem  eisdem 
terminis :  vi  d. 
Ricardus  Catelyne  loco   Roberti  Waryn 
pro  iii  rodis  terr£e  dominicse  super  Litel- 
clayhille :                                                                xii  d. 
Walterus  Rolege  pro  v  acris  iii  rodis  di- 
midia  terrse  et  prati  dominici  vocati  Fen- 
pightil  inclusi :                                             vi  s.  x  d.  qu. 
Johannes  Grene  pro  i  acra  terrse  dominicse 
apud  Bernwellehille  eisdem  terminis  :  x  d. 
Thomas  Smyth  pro  terra  dominica  apud 
Kyngeslonde  eisdem  terminis :               iiii  s.  vi  d.  qu. 
Willelmus  Attestede  pro  terra  dominica 
ibidem  eisdem  terminis :                                iiii  s.  vi  d. 
Johannes  Bigge  pro  terra  dominica  ibidem 
eisdem  terminis  :                                            iii  s.  vii  d. 
Walterus  Baker  pro  terra  dominica  ibidem 
eisdem  terminis  :                                              iii  s.  vii  d. 
Thomas    Neweman   pro   terra  dominica 
ibidem  eisdem  terminis  :                                iii  s.  vii  d. 
Johannes    Siwelle    pro    terra    dominica 
ibidem  eisdem  terminis :                              iii  s.  vii  d. 
Johannes  Wyse  pro  terra  dominica  ibidem 
eisdem  terminis  :                                           iii  s.  vii  d. 
114 


RENTAL    OF    WISTOWE. 


Ricardus  Albyn  pro  terra  dominica  ibidem 
eisdem  terminis :  iii 

Willelmus  Waryn  pro  iii  acris  dimidia 
terra?  dominicte  vocatse  Nynetene :  iiii 

Willelmus  Barker  pro  iii  acris  dimidia 
terras  dominicae  apud  Buryston  et  Watir- 
lond  eisdem  terminis  :  iiii 

Ricardus  Wodecok  pro  ii  acris  terrse  domi- 
nicse  apud  Hundheg  et  Longheghoo  : 
Robertus  Smyth  et  Ricardus  Sabyn  de  le 
Goryn  et  Bisshopeswonge  terrse  dominicse 
eisdem  terminis : 

De  i  mesuagio  et  vi  acris  terrge  dominicffi 
dimissis  Stephano  Ailmare  pro  vii  s.  nichil 
hie  quia  superius  cum  redditu  : 
De  i  placia  continente  iii  cotagia  quondam 
Johannis  Baroun  pro  ii  s.  nichil  hie  quia 
superius  in  redditu : 

De  i  placia  quondam  Johannis  Arnalde 
dimissa  Johanni  Catelyne  pro  ii  s.,  nichil 
hie  quia  cum  redditu  superius  : 
Ricardus    Shepperde    pro    i    acra  terrse 
dominicse  super  Toftdole  juxta    terram 
Willelmi  Waryn  eisdem  terminis  : 
Johannes  Brounote  pro  dimidia  acra  ter- 
rse dominicse  in  le  Lowefelde  juxta  ter- 
ram Johannis  Marchant : 
Willelmus  Waryn  pro  i  acra  terrse  domi- 
nicse super  Tuftdole  juxta  terram  ejusdem 
Willelmi : 

Ricardus  de  Ely  et  Willelmus  Sabyn  pro 
le  hydegoryn  continente  i  acram  terrse 
dominicse : 

Johannes  Atte  iate  pro  dimidia  acra  terrse 
dominicse  super  Middeldole  juxta  terram 
Thomse  Eliot : 

Andreas  Smyth  pro  ii  rodis  terrse  domi- 
nicse in  le  lowfelde  contra  Turfslade  inter 
terram  Stephani  Atteiate  ex  utraque  parte 
eisdem  terminis : 

115 


s.  vii  d. 
s.  viii  d. 

s.  viii  d. 
iii  s. 

XX  d. 

Nichil. 

Nichil. 

Nichil. 

xii  d. 

vi  d. 

xii  d. 

xii  d. 

vi  d. 

vi  d. 


APPENDIX. 

Ricardus  de  Ely  pro  i  roda  terrse  domi- 
nicse  apud  Bronbrigge  juxta  terrain  Jo- 
hannis  Love  eisdem  terminis :  iii  d. 

Idem  Ricardus  pro  i  roda  terrse  dominicse 
apud  Le  Pightelsende  contra  Langpool 
eisdem  terminis :  iii  d. 

Idem  Ricardus  de  Ely  pro  dimidia  acra 
terrse  contra  le  Pightelshende  juxta  ter- 
ram  Stephani  Atteiate  abuttante  super  le 
Brook :  vi  d. 

Johannes  Eliot  et  Johannes  Brounote  pro 
dimidia  acra  terrse  dominicse  vocata  le 
Thurwood  abuttante  super  le  Slade  juxta 
terram  ejusdem  Johannis  Eliot :  vi  d. 

Willelmus  Waryn  pro  iii  acris  terrse 
dominicfe  vocatis  Godfreislonde  quarum  :  iii  s. 

Adam  Brunne  pro  i  forera  terrse  dominicse 
continente  dimidiam  acram  vocata  Stowe- 
cresthadlonde :  vi  d. 

Willelmus  Waryn  et  uxor  ejus  pro  qua- 
dam  parcella  prati  vocata  Aldburyslade 
de  dominico  :  xiii  d.  oh. 

Idem  Willelmus  et  uxor  ejus  pro  quadam 
parcella  prati  de  dominico  vocata  le 
Redynge :  xiiii  d. 

Molen-  De   Thoma    Millere   de   Hadenham   pro 

dinum.        firma  molendini  ventritici:  xlvi  s.  viii  d. 


IIB 


ACCOUNT    ROLL    OF    BANLUCA. 

Banluca  Ramesei^,  1312.' 

Richardus  filius  Robert!  Russel  ballivus  Banlucse  Rameseise  red- 
dit  compotum  suum  apud  Rameseiam  die  Martis  proximo  post 
festura  sancti  Michaelis  episcopi  anno  domini  J.  abbatis  xxvii,  de 
omnibus  receptis  et  expensis  a  festo  sancti  Michaelis  anno  domini 
J.  abbatis  prsedicti  xxvi  usque  ad  idem  festum  anno  revoluto. 

Arreragia.  Idem  respondet  de  xxx  s.  de  arreragiis  compoti  prse- 
cedentis.  Summa  xxx  s. 

Redditus  sancti  Michaelis.     Idem  respondet  de  xxv  s.  vi  d.  oh.  de 

redditu  assises  de  termino  sancti 
Michaelis ;  et  desunt  vi  d.  de  domo  quondam  Roberti  le  Squiler 
quos  elemosinarius  percipit;  et  desunt  xl  d.  de  domina  de  Walton 
pro  domo  quondam  Reginaldi  coci  qui  assignantur  ad  duos  cereos 
inveniendos  ad  magnum  altarem  in  alleviatione  corporis  Christi. 

Ad  Pascham.  Idem  respondet  de  xxv  s.  iiii  d.  oh.  de  redditu 
assisse  de  Pascha;  et  desunt  vi  d.  de  domo  Roberti 
Squiler  pro  elemosinario ;  xl  d.  de  domina  de  Waltone  pro  domo 
Reginaldi  coci  ut  supra  ad  festum  sancti  Michaelis ;  et  de  iiii  s.  v  d. 
receptis  de  arreragiis  reddituum  diversorum  a  retro  existentium  de 
annis  prseteritis ;  et  de  iii  s.  de  domibus  ad  portam  hoc  anno  usque 
ad  festurn  sancti  Michaelis.  Summa  Iviii  s.  iiii  d. 

Perquisita  pro  placitis  et  curiis.     Idem  respondet  de  diversis  fini- 

bus  et  amerciamentis  de  extrac- 
tis  curise  de  Smythcroft  nihil  hoc  anno.  Idem  respondet  et  de  vi 
li.  xiii  s.  receptis  de  visu  cum  capitagio ;  et  de  vi  s,  viii  d.  de  amer- 
ciamentis coram  justitiariis  ad  gaolam  Rameseise  deliberandam 
assignatis ;  et  de  xxx  s.  x  d.  de  perquisitis  curiae  tentse  de  mense  in 
mensem  apud  Rameseiam  hoc  anno ;  et  de  xv  d.  de  perquisitis  curiae 
in  festo  sancti  Benedict! ;  et  de  pixide  dominus  Abbas  recipit 
[  j'* ;  et  de  vi!  s.  ix  d.  de  diversis  stallagiis  die  sancti  Benedict! ; 
et  de  v!  d.  pro  insufiiciente  pondere  panis.  Summa  ix  li. 

Summa  totius  receptee  cum  arreragiis,  .xiii  li.  viii  s.  iiii  d. 

Expensae.  Idem  computat  liberatas  in  camera  viii  li.  xv  s.  oh. 
per  xi!  tallias.  Item  in  relaxatione  per  dominum  ab- 
batem  Johanni  Waker,  vi  d. ;  Eliae  Reygner,  xv!!!  d. ;  Waltero  Corby, 
xi!  d. ;  Willelmo  le  Folber,  vi  d. ;  Alexandre  Frebody,  vi  d. ;  Jo- 
hanni Fabro,  xx!  d.\  Johanni  de  Sautre,  xii  d.)  Emmee  Michel,  vi 
d. ;  Alexandre  le  Long,  ix  d. ;  Richardo  Russel,  v!  d. ;  uxor!  Regi- 


Public  Kecord  Office,  Ministers'  Accounts,  876/26.  »  Blank  in  MS. 

117 


APPENDIX. 


naldi  Ace,  xii  d. ;  Willelmo  Prassyn,  vi  d.  de  amerciamentis  in  visu ; 
et  in  relaxatione  Johanni  de  Sawtre,  vi  d.  de  amerciamentis  curise 
de  Rameseia,  et  in  relaxatione  Willelmo  de  Temesforde,  xl  d. ;  et 
Symoni  de  Spyneyc,  xl  d.  de  amerciamentis  apud  Smythescroft. 

Summa  totiiis  liberationis  et  relaxationis  ix  li.  xii  s.  ii  d.  oh. ;  et 
sic  debet  pra^dictus  Richardus  domino  Ixxvi  s.  i  d.  oh.  Ex  quibus 
in  respectu  per  dominum  abbatem,  xiii  s.  iiii  d.  de  amerciamentis 
totius  villatffi  in  visu.     Et  solvit  super  compotum  xv  s.  06. 

Et  prffiterea  in  relaxatione  Katerina?  de  Ravele  per  dominum,  xii 
d,  Alicise  de  Ravele,  vi  d.,  et  Johanni  de  Hemes,  vi  d.  de  amer- 
ciamentis in  visu;  et  Symoni  ad  crucem  vi  d.  de  amerciamentis  in 
curia  tenta  de  mense  in  mensem ;  et  in  relaxatione  Johanni  Mun- 
tabon  per  dominum,  vi  s.  viii  d.  de  amerciamentis  in  dictis  curiis 
in  partem  solutionis  xxiiii  s.  quos  dominus  eidem  Johanni  debuit 
pro  frisco  pisce  prout  idem  Johannis  tactis  sacrosanctis  juravit,  et 
solvit  super  compotum  xi  s.  vii  d.  Et  prsterea  solvit  super  com- 
potum vii  s.,  et  sic  debet  praedictus  Richardus  adhuc  domino  xx  s. 


118 


SAINTS     DAYS    MENTIONED    IN    THE    RAMSEY    DOCUMENTS. 

A  List  of  the  Principal  Saints'  Days  Mentioned  in  the 
Ramsey  Documents. 

S.  Andrew,  November  30.     Translation,  May  9. 

S.  Augustine  (apos.  AngL),  May  26.     (Bish.),  August  28. 

S.  Barnabas,  June  11. 

S.  Bartholomew,  August  24. 

S.  Benedict,  March  21. 

Carniprivmm,  the  first  days  of  Lent  or  Septuagesima  Sunday.  _ 

S.  Clemens,  November  23. 

Ccena  Doviini,  Maundy  Thursday. 

SaactcB  Crucis  Exaltatio,  September  24.     Inventio,  May  3. 

S.  Dionysius  {apos.  Gall.'),  October  9.  (Pope),  December  6.  (Areop.), 
October  3. 

S.  Edmund,  King,  November  20. 

Epiphany,  January  6. 

Gida  Augusti,  August  1. 

S.  James,  July  25. 

S.  John  (apos.),  December  27. 

S.  Johannes  ad  Fortam  Catenam  {Latinam),  May  6. 

S.  John  Baptist.     Decollatio,  August  29.     Nativity,  June  24. 

SS.  John  and  James  (?) 

S.  Laurence  (arch.  Cant),  February  2. 

S.  Martin,  November  11. 

Mary  Magdalen,  July  22. 

S.  Matthew,  September  21. 

S.  Michael,  September  29. 

Mary  (B.  V.  M.).  Annunciation,  March  25.  Assumption,  Au- 
gust 15.  Conception,  December  8.  Nativity,  September  8.  Puri- 
fication, February  2. 

Omnium  Sanctorum,  November  1. 

SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  June  29. 

SS.  Simon  and  Jude,  October  28. 

S.  Thomas,  December  28. 


119 


NDEX. 


Account  rolls,  description  of,  64,  65 

Acreage  of  manors,  15 

Acremen  (carucarii),  66,  69 

Akermanni,  32 

Argentum   vinea?    (wynyardsilver),  56, 

67 
Asplond  land,  72 
Assignment  of  manors,  21 
Auxilium  vicecomitis,  see  sheriff's  aid. 
Bakehouse,  22 
Banlieu,  16,  64 
Barnwell,  12,  13,  45 
Barton,   11,   13,  14,  27,  33,  38,   39,  46, 

50,  57,  58 
Beadle,  66,  76,  82 
Bedryp,  45 

Benedays,  43,  see  boon  days. 
Benemeadows,  56,  84 
Benerth,  47 
Beneryp,  47 
Benesed,  41 

Benservices,  47,  see  boon  services. 
Bithorn,  10,  15,  21,  56 
Bitumen,  80 

Black  Death,  66,  68,  69,  70,  73,  83,  85 
Bluntisham,  9,  10 
Boon,    harvest,    42,    44  ;    hayings,    47 ; 

plonghings  (precarise  carucarum),  39- 

42,  68  ;  weedings,  47 
Boon  days,  43 

Boon  services,  39-48  ;  extra,  45 
Borle,  79 

Brancester,  14,  34,  50,  53,  54 
Brewery,  22,  78,  80 
Brewingsilver,  55 
Brington,  10,  15,  21 
Broughton,  9,  10,  15,  21,  30,  35,  38,  50, 

56,  59,  61,  63 
Burwell,  11,  19,  21,  27,  29,  83,  39,  57 
Bury,  9,  15,  38,  39,  67,  69 
Busagium,  57 
Buttes,  28 
Bypbynea,  79 
Caldecote,  38 
Cambridge,  38,  39 
Capitagium,  58,  see  chevage. 
Carpenters,  79,  82 
Carriage,  38,  39,  49  ;  on  foot,  39  ;  long, 

37,  38  ;  short,  37 ;  see  carting. 
Cartehous,  81 


Carting,  29,  37,  39 

Carts,  cost  of,  79 

Carucarii,  32,  see  acremen. 

Cellarer,  payments  to,  77 

Censuarii,   2),  26,   28,   31,   43,    46,   47, 

etc. 
Chamber,  payment  to,  77 
Chaplain,  paj'ment  to,  77 
Chatteris,  11,  38 
Chevage  (chevagium),  58,  75 
Church  payments,  52,  59-60 
Clerevaux  land,  67 
Clouts,  79 

Cnapwell,  10,  11,  21,  32,  35 
Colchester,  39 
Common  in  meadow,  61 
Common,  rights  of,  61-63 
Commutation  of  labour,   48,  52,  55,  57, 

71,  72,  73 
Cotagia,  27 

Cotland,  27,  66,  69,  etc. 
Cotsetles,  27 
Cottars,  14,  26,   36,  39,  47,  48,  49,  50, 

69,  etc. 
Court,  autumn,  75  ;   of  Broughton,   16, 

26  ;  county,   26  ;  hundred,   26  ;    leet, 

75  ;  manorial,  15  ;  rolls  of  Wistowe, 

75  ;  royal,  16  ;  of  Smithescroft,  16 
Cranfield,  13,  21,  33,  38,  39,  57,  58,  80 
Croft,  27,  49,  53,  66 
Crofters,  14,  26,  48,  49,  50,  69. 
Croftmen,  47 
Culturae,  24 
Cumbs,  60 

Curia,  32,  34,  36,  37,  80 
Customary  payments,  49,  52-60,  70-72 
Cutting  wiiod,  35 
Dairy,  79,  82,  83 
Dewilleges,  79 
Dikes,  8 
Ditches,  35 
Dovecote,  67 
Earith,  9,  63 
Eels,  60 

Elington,  10,  21,  23,  27 
Elsworth,  11,  21,  35 
Elton,  10,  11,  19,  21,  23,  40,  55,  56,  57, 

63 
Enclosures,  15,  36 
Erthendales,  60 


122 


INDEX. 


Estovers,  62 

Busier,  see  heusier. 

Expens;e  domorum,  82 

Expenses,  ainonnt  of,  76 

Expenses,  small,  79 

Extents,  22,  23,  24,  63,  etc. 

Famuli,  42,  44,  61,  84 

Farmer  (firmarius),  19,  22,  38,  43,  47 

Farms,  18-21,  38  ;  composition  of,  20 

Feast  days,  29 

Fen,  dikes  through,  8  ;  disputes  con- 
cerning, 62  ;  fisheries  in,  9 ;  pasture 
in,  62,  63 

Fenton,  9 

Fines,  74,  7"),  76 

Fisheries,  9 

Fishsilver,  55,  67,  72 

Fisselver,  55,  see  fishsilver. 

"Fission"  of  vills,  12 

Foddercorn,  85 

Fold,  guarding  of,  36 

Food  at  boons,  41,  42,  44 

Forelands,  28 

Forthdrove,  84 

Forthdrovesilver,  84 

Franchises  of  banlieu,  1 6 

Frank  pledge,  view  of,  58,  77,  85 

Freeholders,  25,  45,  48,  etc. 

Fulstingpound,  57 

Garbs,  79 

Gersuma,  54,  75,  77 

Gidding,  10,  13 

Gifts  (oblationes),  84 

Girton,  11,  27,  33 

Gores,  28 

Gosselyns,  78 

Grafham  land,  67,  78 

Grain,  accounts  of,  85  ;  purchase  of,  78  ; 
sale  of,  74 

Gravele,  10,  11,  13,  14,  21 

Grena,  18 

Hangerlond,  71 

Hangerlondsilver,  67,  71,  78 

Haringsilver,  55 

Harvest,  34  ;  boons,  42-45 

Haying,  34 ;  boons,  47  ;  see  boon. 

Headpenny,  58 

Hechmiindgrave,  21 

Heraingford,  9,  10,  15,  21,  25,  27,  30, 
33,  3),  36,  38,  43,  46,  50,  57  ;  Alia, 
10,  12 

Hemington,  13 

Henthyre,  see  heusire. 

Herdsmen,  83 

Heriot,  32,  54,  75 

Hcuschire,  see  heusire. 

Heusier,  see  heusire. 

Heusire,  52,  67,  71,  72 


Hevedsilver,  75 

Hidage,  14,  58 

nidation,  13,  25 

Hidemonlands,  69 

Ilidemen,  69 

Hirstingston  Hundred,  8,  10,  13,  14,  52, 
71 

HolyweU,  9,  10,  21,  27,  30,  35,  36,  39, 
50,  52,  59,  62,  63 

Horseshoes,  79 

Houghton,  9,  10,  15,  21,  27,  30,  33,  34, 
35,  36,  43,  58 

Hulme,  14,  57 

Hundred  aid,  58 

Huntingdon  (borough),  9,  18,  39  ;  earl- 
dom, 9 

Hybernagium,  ploughing  ad,  40,  41 

Ipswich,  39 

Jurisdiction  of  abbot,  15 

King,  payments  to,  52 

Kingsdelph,  63 

Knights,  25,  26 

Kyppelyne,  79 

Labour,  hired,  33,  36,  82  ;  services,  28- 
52,  68  ;  services  from  freeholders,  26  ; 
services,  resumption  of,  73 

Land  ad  censum,  27,  66,  etc. 

Land  ad  opus,  26,  27,  28,  66,  etc.;  in- 
crease in,  68 

Lawshall,  11,  13 

Lent  farms,  21,  77 

Lincoln,  8 

London,  39,  80 

Lovebones,  40,  45,  47 

Lovef other,  46 

Lucky  penny,  81 

Lundinarii,  49 

Malt,  35,  38,  85 

Maltlands,  55 

Maltsilver,  55,  67,  72 

Mandeville,  Geoffrev  de,  12,  19,  23 

Manse,  27,  49 

Manuring,  35 

Markets,"l7,  74 

Maundyacre,  21,  59 

Merchet,  53 

Mevator,  82 

Mill,  67,  81 

Miller,  83 

Millstone,  81 

Mitesilver,  55 

Mundbryche,  16 

Murrain,  74,  85 

Nails,  79,  81 

Nativi,  28 

Nidingworth,  62,  63 

Northampton,  11,  89 

Notesilver,  71,  72 


INDEX. 


123 


Nuts,  34,  57 

Obedientarii,  22 

Oblationes,  84 

Officers,  payments  to  abbey,  77,  78 

Operarii,  44 

Pannage,  57,  62,  75 

Pasture,  in  arable,  61  ;  in  fen,  (12,  63  ; 
several,  61  ;  in  woods,  62 

Payments,  to  abbot,  52,  58 ;  ad  allec, 
55 ;  ad  arietem,  56  ;  ad  candelara, 
59  ;  ad  lanam,  56  ;  ad  luminare,  59  ; 
ad  piscem,  ad  pisces  emendos,  55  ;  in 
kind,  60  ;  pro  bove,  57  ;  pro  multone, 
56 

Peasants'  Eevolt,  73,  85 

Perquisites  of  court,  75 

Peterborough,  8,  63 

Peter's  Pence,  59,  63 

Pbisshesilver,  see  fishsilver. 

Pidley,  9 

Ploualmes,  59 

Ploughing,  29-33 

Ploughs,  24,  39,  etc.  ;  cost  of,  79  ;  mak- 
ing and  repairing,  79 

Pondage,  72 

Pontage,  58 

Potagium,  44 

Precarife,  39-48,  50,  see  boon  services. 

Preces,  50 

Proceeds  of  manors,  77 

Pytels,  28,  49 

Ramsey,  9,  15,  21,  35,  38,  39,  56,  etc.  ; 
history,  8  ;  situation,  8 

Eaveley,  9,  12,  15,  63 

Eeach,  39 

Reapreeve,  82 

Rebinatio,  42 

Receipts,  amount  of,  76 

Redditus  assisse,  see  rents,  fixed. 

Relaxations,  84 

Rents,  65-72 ;  fixed,  55,  67,  70  ;  of 
honey,  60  ;  land,  68-70 ;  of  plough- 
shares, 60 

Ringsted,  12,  14,  36 

Ripton,  9,  10,  13,  15,  29,  30,  33,  35,  39, 
71,  72 

Rods  gathered,  35,  36 

Sailyard,  81 

Saint  Albans,  38 

Siunt  Ives,  15,  27,  33,  35,  37,  39,  45,  50, 
53,  57,  59,  61,  62  ;  fair  of,  9,  17,  35, 
36  ;  Grena,  18  ;  Vicus  Pontis,  18  ; 
watches  at,  35 

Sapley,  9 

Sartrinum,  78 

Sawtrey,  9,  10,  13,  63 

Schonelerynges,  80 

Schoneltres,  80 


Scotale,  47 

Scutage,  14 

Semi-virgaters,  32 

Seneschal,  22,  85 

Serviens,  82,  84 

Servientes,  81 

Shearing,  36 

Sheep,    80 ;    farming    in   Norfolk,    36 ; 

folding,  36,  37  ;  wasliing,  36 
Sheriff's  aid  (auxilium  vicecomitis),  58, 

71,  72,  77 
Shitlingdon,   11,  13,  14,   26,  27,  33,  34, 

38,_  50,  57 
Shoeing  horses,  79 
Sitheale,  56,  84 
Slepe,  9,  21,  see  Saint  Ives. 
Smith,  79 

Smithescroft,  court  of,  16 
Somersliam,  9 
Sowing,  34 
Spadegrafs,  35 
Stallage,  17 

Statute  of  Labourers,  83 
Stock,   61,  64,  65,  74,  78;    account   of, 

85  ;  sale  of,  74,  75 
Stukeley,  9,  10,  15,  25,  26,  27,  33 
Sytheale,  47,  see  sitheale. 
Table  of  Ramsey  manors,  10;  of  rents, 

67  ;  of  services,  51 
Tallage  to  cellarer,  72  ;  Easter,  77,  91  ; 

Michaelmas,  71 
Tanning,  80 
Taratantaro,  80 
Taskatores,  74,  85 
Terra  arentata,  69,  73 
Thatcher,  80,  82 
Thatching,  80 
Thensut',  75 
Therfield,   11,  13,  21,  30,  34,  38,  39,  57, 

58,  63,  80 
Threshing,  34 
Tithes,  59,  60 
Tolfats,  60 
Tofts,  20,  etc. 

Tramesiam,  plougliing  ad,  40 
Trendies,  81 

Trey,  60 

Tribuli,  80 

Tripods,  80 

Tronage,  17 

Underwood,  etc.,  sale  of,  75 

Unhided  land  (extra  hidam),  14 

Uppelongs,  81 

Upton,  10 

Upwood,   9,  10,  15,  21,  32,   33,  48,  50, 

59,  62,  63,  78 
Vanges,  80 
V^entrices,  74 


124 


INDEX. 


Verdicts,  23 

Vessels  for  water  and  milk,  79 

Vicus  Pontis,  18 

Villeins, 25,  26,  43;  their  land  cultivated, 

60  ;  obligations,  24,  25,  28,  50,  etc. 
Vokepanni,  20 

Wages  (stipendia),  79,  80,  82,  83 
Waldhirst,  35,  62 
Wallesilver,  56 
Walsocn,  12,  60 
Walton,  63 
Warboys,   9.  10,  12,   15,  21,  22,  30,  32, 

33,  o5,  36,  50,  55,  57,  62,  63 
Wardpenny,  56,  58 
Wardsilver,  5*3,  57,  67 
Ware,  39 
Warectatio,  42 
Warpenny,  56 

Warrectum,  ploughing  ad,  40 
Warrener,  83 
Warthsilver,  56 
Washingpenny,  71 
Weeding,  34,  47 
Week  work,  29,  39,  42,  50,  etc. 
.  Wells,  21 


Wenyngton,  12 

Werthale,  56 

Weston,  10,  19,  21,  29 

Wetherhale,  56 

Wethersilver,  56,  67,  72 

Whiston,  33,  56 

Wille.silver,  56 

Winnower,  82,  85 

Wisbeach,  11,  78,  80 

Wistowe,  9,   10,  15,  21,   26,  27,  34,  35, 

36,  41.  42,  44,  50,  5i?,  53,  54,  55,  57, 

59,  64,  65,  etc. 
Witton,  9,  10,  27 
Wodehac,  56,  58 
Wodehurst,  35,  62 
Wodepenny,  56 
Wodesgonge,  56 
Woodward,  81,  82,  83,  84 
Wool,  79 
Works,  miscellaneous,  29,  33-37  ;  new, 

72  ;  sale  of,  72 
Wudobenes,  47 
Wyneges,  79 
Wynyardsilver  (argentum  vinese),    56, 

71,  72,  78,  79 


cu> 


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